Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-05-03T19:15:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Gonçalves Jacinto Figuerêdo (2).pdf: 1928842 bytes, checksum: e66c296592d0e4d12b86b6dd0b149758 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T19:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Gonçalves Jacinto Figuerêdo (2).pdf: 1928842 bytes, checksum: e66c296592d0e4d12b86b6dd0b149758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-28 / Intestinal parasitosis are one of the determining indicators of the socioeconomic development of a country. Minority populations as quilombolas are included in the risk groups that present high rates of health problems, among them, the enteroparasitosis, related mainly to cultural and geographic isolation. A study was performed to investigate the occurrence of enteroparasitosis and associated factors in quilombolas from São Vicente Island community in the north part of the state of Tocantins. The experimente was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. It was carried out in April and May 2017, through the collection of stool samples for parasitological analysis and application of a questionnaire from the Brazilian Association of Research Institutes, additioned with socioeconomic, environmental and sanitary factors of the community. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS, 23.0) adopting a level of significance of 5% (p <0.05). From a total of 86 individuals surveyed, 39 (45.3%) presented intestinal parasites, nine (23.1%) of which were infested with two different intestinal worms. The geohelminths Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were the most prevalent among pathogens, with 8 (16.6%) and 6 (12.5%) infested individuals, respectively. Regardless of the place of residence (urban or rural), risk factors such as: precarious or nonexistent basic sanitation, associated with the adoption of inadequate hygiene measures and low socioeconomic levels, exposed the quilombola community to intestinal parasitosis. Ensuring the improvement of environmental sanitation, housing habitability, facilitation of the availability of antiparasitics, accessibility to health services and information that mitigates health problems are important measures to reduce the prevalence of enteroparasites in the quilombola community. / As parasitoses intestinais se configuram um dos indicadores determinantes do desenvolvimento socioeconômico de um país. Populações minoritárias como quilombolas estão inclusas nos grupos de risco que apresentam elevados índices de agravos à saúde, entre eles, as enteroparasitoses, relacionadas principalmente ao isolamento cultural e geográfico. O estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de enteroparasitoses e fatores associados em quilombolas da comunidade Ilha de São Vicente no norte do Estado do Tocantins. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Realizou-se nos meses de abril e maio de 2017, através da coleta de amostras de fezes para análise parasitológica e aplicação do formulário da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisas acrescido de fatores socioeconômicos, ambientais e sanitários da comunidade. Os dados foram analisados com pacote estatístico Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS, 23.0) adotando um nível de significância de 5% (p <0,05). Dos 86 indivíduos pesquisados, 39 (45,3%) apresentaram positividade para parasitos intestinais. Destes, 9 (23,1%) tiveram biparasitismo. Os geohelmintos Ascaris lumbricoides e Trichuris trichiura foram os mais prevalentes entre os patogênicos, com respectivamente 8 (16,6%) e 6 (12,5%). Independente do local de moradia (zona urbana ou rural) dos quilombolas, fatores de risco como: Saneamento básico precário ou inexistente, associado a adoção de medidas de higiene inadequadas e níveis socioeconômicos baixos, expuseram a comunidade quilombola às parasitoses intestinais. Garantir a melhoria do saneamento ambiental, habitabilidade das residências, facilitação na oferta de antiparasitários, acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde e informações mitigadoras dos agravos à saúde, são medidas importantes para diminuição da prevalência de enteroparasitoses na comunidade quilombola.

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A method has been developed to track infectious diseases by using data mining of active Twitter accounts and its efficacy was demonstrated during the West African Ebola outbreak of 2014. Using a meme based n-gram semantic usage model to search the Twitter database for indications of illness, flight and death from the spread of Ebola in Africa, principally from Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Memes of interest relate disease to location and severity and are coupled to the density of Tweets and re-Tweets. The meme spreads through the community of social users in a fashion similar to nonlinear wave propagation- like a shock wave, visualized as a spike in Tweet activity. The spreading was modeled as a system isomorphic to a modified SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Removed disease model) system of three coupled nonlinear differential equations using Twitter variables. The nonlinear terms in this model lead to feedback mechanisms that result in unusual behavior that does not always reduce the spread of the disease. The resulting geographic Tweet densities are coupled to geographic maps of the region. These maps have specific threat levels that are ported to a mobile application (app) and can be used by travelers to assess the relative safety of the region they will be in.

The relationships between parasitic infections, environmental and living conditions, and health outcomes were studied in subdivisions of lower (LSES) and higher (HSES) socio-economic status Lubumbashi, Zaire. The two LSES subdivisions had higher prevalences of Plasmodium infection and higher rates of stunting, abdominal pain and low packed cell volume (PCV) than the HSES subdivision. The prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was not associated with socio-economic status. Maternal education was a significant predictor of A. lumbricoides intensity in both LSES and HSES subdivisions. Factors related to poor sanitation were risk factors for A. lumbricoides in LSES subdivisions, whereas a high ratio of relatives to immediate family members per household predicted high intensity infection in the HSES subdivision. The risk of stunting was higher in children with A. lumbricoides, that of wasting was higher in children with A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura whereas the risk of kwashiorkor was high with T. trichiura but very reduced in those with A. lumbricoides. The four most common clinical conditions were diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and low PCV. Hookworm infection, T. trichiura infection, young age and residence in LSES subdivisions were determinants of diarrhea. T. trichiura infection, young age and living in a LSES subdivision were risk factors for abdominal pain. Plasmodium infection and young age were associated with fever. LSES was predictive of low PCV. No combination of parasites had antagonistic or synergistic effects on clinical indicators examined. Based on this study, it is suggested that one parasite will increase the risk of infection with another. Although maternal education should be improved in all subdivisions, attention to sanitation, crowding and diet in the LSES subdivisions, and to the role of relatives and visitors in parasite transmission in the HSES subdivision should be priorities.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı, 2006. / Bibliyografya var.

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