Disertacija yra teorinis kantiškosios patyrimo sampratos tyrimas, kuriame nagrinėjamas Kanto epistemologinis apriorizmas, grindžiamas skirtimi tarp juslinės medžiagos ir konceptualinės pažinimo formos bei Kanto pažinimo teorijos metafizinė dalis. Tam tikrus metafizinius aspektus išreiškia kita svarbi kantiškoji skirtis tarp „daikto savaime“ ir „reiškinio“. Pastaroji skirtis yra integrali Kanto patyrimo teorijos dalis ir ji yra artimai susijusi su Kanto epistemologija. Disertacijoje pateikiamais argumentais siekiama parodyti abiejų pagrindinių kantiškųjų skirčių svarbius aspektus ir filosofines implikacijas, ir ypač svarbą daikto savaime idėjos, kuri išreiškia tam tikrų metafizinio ir empirinio pažinimo ribų supratimą Kanto patyrimo teorijoje. Disertacijoje kritikuojami įvairūs požiūriai į Kanto patyrimo teorijos dalis, taip pat remiamasi įvairių Kanto filosofijos interpretatorių ir tyrėjų veikalais. Istorinė kantiškosios patyrimo sampratos recepcijos apžvalga leido pateikti argumentus, kurie Kanto patyrimo sampratą supriešina su metafiziniu realizmu, su filosofija, grindžiama mąstymo ir būties vienove, ir su naiviuoju epistemologiniu realizmu. Taip pat tyrimas išryškina Kanto filosofinės patyrimo teorijos metafizinį nominalizmą ir epistemologinį realizmą. / The dissertation is a theoretical inquiry into Kantian conception of experience. It includes investigation of Kant’s epistemological apriorism, which is based on the difference between sensuous mater and conceptual form of cognition and the investigation of metaphysical part of Kantian theory of cognition. Certain metaphysical aspects are introduced by another significant distinction between “thing-in-itself” and “appearance”. The last difference is integral part of Kant’s theory of experience; it is closely combined with Kant’s epistemology. Polemics of the dissertation tends to show the significant aspects and philosophical implications of both main distinctions and especially the importance of idea of the thing-in-itself, which expresses certain understanding of the limits of metaphysical and empirical cognition in Kantian theory of experience. Present work not only criticizes various views on certain parts of Kant’s theory of experience, but at the same time uses the wide variety of other significant works of interpreters and investigators of Kant’s philosophy as well. The historical review of the reception of Kantian conception of experience enabled to present arguments contrasting Kant’s theory of experience with metaphysical realism and with the philosophy grounded on the postulate of unity of thinking and being and with naïve epistemological realism. Also research highlights metaphysical nominalism and epistemological realism apparent in Kant’s philosophical theory on... [to full text]

Despite significant vector control advancements in the past years, the current malaria trends suggest that new control strategies are urgently required. These new approaches should address the current frontline intervention challenges like increasing insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and residual transmission issues. Insecticide-treated livestock (ITL) is one of the novel potential strategies to overcome the above challenges. ITL involves treating livestock near humans with an insecticide like ivermectin (IVM) to kill zoophagic malaria vectors. However, ivermectin pharmacokinetics data suggests that most IVM-administered drugs remain intact, and more than 90 % of this drug is eliminated in feces. Biological metabolites: 3′′-O-demethylivermectin (3DI) and 24-hydroxymethyl ivermectin (24OHI) are also excreted in feces. Therefore, using manure from treated cattle as fertilizers contaminates the soil, ground, and surface water with IVM or its metabolites through leaching and hydraulic water flow affecting the soil and aquatic ecosystems. Contemplating the contamination impacts, these drugs' environmental fate and effects could be regarded before massive IVM applications. Many researchers have tried to address this subject in temperate regions compared to the tropics, where IVM is urgently needed. Regional discrepancies such as soil types and climate can independently and dependently determine the fate and impact of ivermectin. Our research investigates the environmental fate of IVM and its primary biological metabolites. Laboratory and field studies in Tanzania and Virginia were conducted to simulate the difference between tropical and temperate climates. Soil and soil-manure mixture spiked with IVM were layered into two 5 mm layers in columns exposed to natural sunlight. The remaining IVM and its primary metabolite were quantified using Liquid Chromatography with a tandem mass spectrometry detector (LC-MS/MS. These compounds degraded up to 1.5 times faster in Tanzania than in Virginia, depending on temperature, soil depths and type, organic matter, and soil moisture. When IVM is subcutaneously injected into cattle, drug residues and metabolites: 3DI and 24OHI are excreted in feces following a positive skewed Poisson distribution profile. IVM, 3DI, and 24OH were found to degrade rapidly when cattle pats when exposed to the field. Since we conducted our study in the Summer, no IVM or its metabolites leached into the soil beneath. The obtained half-lives suggest that ivermectin's massive drug administration has little to worry about, primarily when the dung from treated cattle is spread into the field in thin layers in the Summer before farm application. / Doctor of Philosophy / Despite significant vector control advancements in the past years, the current malaria trends suggest that new control strategies are urgently required. These new approaches should address the current frontline intervention challenges like increasing drug resistance in mosquitoes and residual transmission issues. Treating cattle with ivermectin is one of the novel potential strategies to overcome the above challenges. This strategy is effective because the amount of ivermectin (IVM) found in the blood of treated cattle is enough to kill malaria vectors feeding on them. However, the literature suggests that most IVM-administered drugs remain intact, and more than 90 % of this drug is eliminated in feces. Metabolite bioproducts: 3″-O-demethylivermectin (3DI) and 24-hydroxymethyl ivermectin (24OHI) are also excreted in feces. Therefore, using manure from treated cattle as fertilizers contaminates the soil, ground, and surface water with IVM or its metabolites through leaching and hydraulic water flow affecting the soil and aqua ecosystems. Contemplating the contamination impacts, these drugs' environmental fate and effects could be regarded before massive IVM applications. Many researchers have tried to address this subject in temperate regions compared to the tropics, where IVM is more needed. Regional discrepancies such as soil types and climate can independently and dependently determine the fate and impact of ivermectin. Our research investigates the environmental fate of IVM and its primary bioproducts. Laboratory and field studies in Tanzania and Virginia were conducted to simulate the difference between tropical and temperate climates. Soil and soil-manure mixture spiked with IVM were layered into two 5 mm layers in columns exposed to natural sunlight. The remaining IVM and its primary metabolite were quantified on the appropriate instrument. These compounds degraded up to 1.5 times faster in Tanzania than in Virginia, depending on temperature, soil depths and type, organic matter, and soil moisture. When IVM drug is injected into cattle, the intact drug and its bioproducts: 3DI and 24OHI, are eliminated in feces following a favorable skewed normal distribution profile. IVM, 3DI, and 24OH were found to degrade rapidly when cattle pats when exposed to the field. Since we conducted our study in the Summer, no IVM or its bioproducts leached into the soil beneath. The obtained data suggest that ivermectin's massive drug administration has little to worry about, primarily when the dung from treated cattle is spread into the field in thin layers in the Summer before farm application.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] La disponibilidad de recursos hídricos a nivel mundial ha disminuido significativamente. Entre los principales agentes que han provocado esta situación se encuentran el cambio climático, la contaminación ambiental, las actividades humanas y las fallas en las estructuras hidráulicas, entre otros. Cada vez es más complicado acceder a fuentes apropiadas que cumplan con la calidad y cantidad del recurso. A pesar de ello, la pérdida de agua debida a fugas en sistemas de distribución presurizados todavía maneja valores considerables, con pérdidas significativas a nivel mundial. Teniendo en cuenta que la necesidad de agua es cada vez mayor, se deben implementar proyectos sostenibles que permitan optimizar al máximo la disponibilidad y el uso del recurso. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es desarrollar una propuesta metodológica, que permita estimar las curvas características de las bombas que trabajan como turbinas (PATs) a partir del número específico de la máquina y en función de la velocidad de giro, desarrollando las leyes modificadas de semejanza. El cumplimiento de los objetivos de esta tesis es a través de la elaboración de tres artículos publicados, que permitieron: (i) Realizar la contextualización respecto al estado del arte en PATs con énfasis en las metodologías de obtención de la predicción del comportamiento en las mismas tales como la realización de modelos numéricos con CFDs; (ii) Proponer una nueva estrategia para desarrollar un modelo matemático para bombas que funcionan como turbinas (PATs), considerando las leyes de afinidad modificadas; (iii) Ejecutar la modelación numérica a través del paquete de código libre OpenFOAM de una bomba que trabaja como turbina y , (iv)Validar los resultados , tanto de la aplicación de las nuevas expresiones y de la modelación numérica, a través de la comparación con resultados experimentales obtenidos de los ensayos realizados a una PATs. En el Articulo 1, que corresponde a la Fase de Contextualización, se realizó una investigación en la literatura técnica sobre PATs: Características, aplicaciones y diferentes estrategias utilizadas para comprender el comportamiento del flujo. Dentro de estas estrategias, se encuentra la simulación numérica del fenómeno con paquetes CFD (Dinámica Fluido Computacional). Se analizaron 56 casos donde se estudian diferentes tipos de máquinas: axiales, mixtas y radiales bajo operación con velocidad de giro fija y velocidad de giro variable. En función de esta información se calculó el error entre la modelación numérica y los resultados experimentales; y se verificaron las principales características de las modelaciones tales como paquete CFD utilizado, modelos de cierre, tipo de mallado, etc. En el Artículo 2, que corresponde a la primera parte de la Fase del Procedimiento Analítico, se propuso un análisis con diez expresiones generales (polinómicas y exponenciales), considerando las variables más significativas. En función de este análisis se obtuvieron nuevas expresiones para obtener las curvas características de las PATs. Estas expresiones se verificaron y compararon con 15 máquinas diferentes, que se probaron variando su velocidad de rotación y su velocidad específica. En la segunda parte de la Fase del Procedimiento Analítico, se realizó una simulación numérica con el paquete CFD OpenFOAM de una PATs que ha sido ensayada en el instituto CERIS de Portugal. Por medio de los resultados experimentales se logró validar tanto las nuevas expresiones propuestas en el Artículo 2 así como la modelación numérica. En el Artículo 3 se presenta el desarrollo de esta metodología. / [CA] La disponibilitat de recursos hídrics a nivell mundial ha disminuït significativament. Entre els principals agents que han provocat aquesta situació es troben el canvi climàtic, la contaminació ambiental, les activitats humanes i les falles en les estructures hidràuliques, entre altres. Cada vegada és més complicat accedir a fonts apropiades que complisquen amb la qualitat i quantitat del recurs. Malgrat això, la pèrdua d'aigua deguda a fugides en sistemes de distribució pressuritzats encara maneja valors considerables, amb pèrdues significatives a nivell mundial. Tenint en compte que la necessitat d'aigua és cada vegada major, s'han d'implementar projectes sostenibles que permeten optimitzar al màxim la disponibilitat i l'ús del recurs. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és desenvolupar una proposta metodològica, que permeta estimar les corbes característiques de les bombes que treballen com a turbines (PATs) a partir del número específic de la màquina i en funció de la velocitat de gir, desenvolupant les lleis modificades de semblança. El compliment dels objectius d'aquesta tesi és a través de l'elaboració de tres articles publicats, que van permetre: (i) Realitzar la contextualització respecte a l'estat de l'art en PATs amb èmfasi en les metodologies d'obtenció de la predicció del comportament en les mateixes com ara la realització de models numèrics amb CFDs; (ii) Proposar una nova estratègia per a desenvolupar un model matemàtic per a bombes que funcionen com a turbines (PATs), considerant les lleis d'afinitat modificades; (iii) Executar el modelatge numèric a través del paquet de codi lliure OpenFOAM d'una bomba que treballa com a turbina i , (iv)Validar els resultats , tant de l'aplicació de les noves expressions i del modelatge numèric, a través de la comparació amb resultats experimentals obtinguts dels assajos realitzats a una PATs. En l'Articule 1 , que correspon a la Fase de Contextualització, es va realitzar una investigació en la literatura tècnica sobre PATs: Característiques, aplicacions i diferents estratègies utilitzades per a comprendre el comportament del flux. Dins d'aquestes estratègies, es troba la simulació numèrica del fenomen amb paquets CFD (Dinàmica Fluid Computacional). Es van analitzar 56 casos on s'estudien diferents tipus de màquines: axials, mixtes i radials sota operació amb velocitat de gir fixa i velocitat de gir variable. En funció d'aquesta informació es va calcular l'error entre el modelatge numèric i els resultats experimentals; i es van verificar les principals característiques. dels modelatges com ara paquet CFD utilitzat, models de tancament,tipus d'emmallat, etc. En l'Article 2, que correspon a la primera part de la Fase del Procediment Analític, es va proposar una anàlisi amb deu expressions generals (polinòmiques i exponencials), considerant les variables més significatives. En funció d'aquesta anàlisi es van obtindre noves expressions per a obtindre les corbes característiques de les PATs. Aquestes expressions es van verificar i van comparar amb 15 màquines diferents, que es van provar variant la seua velocitat de rotació i la seua velocitat específica. En la segona part de la Fase del Procediment Analític, es va realitzar una simulació numèrica amb el paquet CFD OpenFOAM d'una PATs que ha sigut assajada en l'institut CERIS de Portugal. Per mitjà dels resultats experimentals es va aconseguir validar tant les noves expressions proposades en l'Article 2 així com el modelatge numèric. En l'Article 3 es presenta el desenvolupament d'aquesta metodologia. / [EN] The availability of water resources worldwide has decreased significantly. Among the main agents that have caused this situation are climate change, environmental pollution, human activities, and failures in hydraulic structures, among others. It is becoming increasingly difficult to access appropriate sources that meet the quality and quantity of the resource. Despite this, water loss due to leaks in pressurized distribution systems still manages considerable values, with significant losses worldwide. Considering that the need for water is increasing, sustainable projects should be implemented to optimize the availability and use of the resource to the maximum. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a methodological proposal that allows estimating the characteristic curves of pumps that work as turbines (PATs) from the specific number of the machine and, depending on the rotation speed, developing the modified laws of similarity. The fulfillment of the objectives of this thesis is through the elaboration of three published articles, which allowed: (i) To carry out the contextualization regarding the state of the art in PATs with emphasis on the methodologies of obtaining the prediction of the behavior in them such as the realization of numerical models with CFDs; (ii) To propose a new strategy to develop a mathematical model for pumps that work as turbines (PATs), considering the modified affinity laws; (iii) To execute the numerical modeling through the OpenFOAM free code package of a pump that works as a turbine and, (iv) Validate the results, both of the application of the new expressions and the numerical modeling, through the comparison with experimental results obtained from the tests carried out to a PATs. In Article 1, corresponding to the Contextualization Phase, an investigation was carried out in the technical literature on PATs: Characteristics, applications, and different strategies used to understand the flow behavior. The numerical simulation of the phenomenon with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) packages is found within these strategies. 56 cases were analyzed where different types of machines were studied: axial, mixed, and radial under operation with fixed rotational speed and variable rotational speed. Based on this information, the error between the numerical modeling and the experimental results was calculated; and the main characteristics of the modeling were verified, such as the CFD package used, closure models, type of meshing, etc. In Article 2, which corresponds to the first part of the Phase of the Analytical Procedure, an analysis was proposed with ten general expressions (polynomial and exponential), considering the most significant variables. Based on this analysis, new expressions were obtained to obtain the characteristic curves of the PATs. These expressions were verified and compared with 15 different machines, which were tested by varying their rotation and specific speeds. In the second part of the Analytical Procedure Phase, a numerical simulation was performed with the OpenFOAM CFD package of a PATs that has been tested at the CERIS Institute in Portugal. The experimental results made it possible to validate both the new expressions proposed in Article 2 and the numerical modeling. The development of this methodology is presented in Article 3. / Plua Aguirre, FA. (2024). Metodología de análisis para la mejora de la predicción de las curvas características de bombas trabajando como turbina operando a velocidad variable [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/203125 / Compendio

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ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper describes new concepts of test mean and processes to perform flight test for all Airbus aircraft family. The FTI (Flight Test Installation) designed for A320, A340, A380 and A350 programs include acquisition system, recorder, data processing, visualisation, Flight Test Engineer Station and optional functionalities (video acquisition, DGPS, telemetry ...) In the past, these test means were specific for each test aircraft. Due to the large number of Aircraft development in parallel Airbus has designed and standardized new tests means for development and production aircraft. The first goal is to generate significant benefits regarding time and costs savings by simplifying installation and reusing all the test installations components. This paper shows the opportunities and challenges of these new concepts.