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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Atividade elétrica dos músculos estabilizadores da patela em indivíduos portadores da síndrome da dor femoropatelar durante exercícios realizados no step.

Pulzatto, Flávio 28 February 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFP.pdf: 1902081 bytes, checksum: 3d115e0c53ebb8c3fb55b12dd2b2fe0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-28 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electric activity (EMG) in the temporal and amplitude aspects of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) muscles during forward step tasks: stepdown (SFD) and step-up (SFS), and backward step tasks: step-down (SPD) and step-up (SPS). Twenty seven females were evaluated and separated in two groups: fifteen normal subjects Control Group (21.13 ± 2.17 years) and twelve subjects with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome PPS (21.08 ± 2.31 years). The height of the step was regulated for two angles 45º and 75º - of knee s flexion joint. A metronome was used to help the volunteers about the time to performance the tasks, a eletrogoniometer was used in the control of the knee angle and a pressure sensor was used to determinate the start and the end of the electromyography register. The electric activity was recorded by surface (Ag/AgCl) electrodes, an EMG apparatus with 8 channels (EMG System Brazil) and a software of acquisition data AqDados 7.02. The EMG data was processed by the software Matlab 6.1 that calculated both the onset timing of the muscles and the integrated of the EMG signal. The EMG was normalized by the mean of the three muscle contractions and was calculated de ratio VMO/VLL and VMO/VLO for comparisons between groups and exercises. The relative onset timing was determinate by the difference VMO-VLO and VMO-VLL. The t-tests showed that in the step up exercise (75º of the knee flexion), there are differences when compared the groups, either in frontal step VMO/VLL (p= 0.000) and VMO/VLO (p = 0.000), than posterior step VMO/VLL (p = 0.000) and VMO/VLO (p = 0.000). In the control group there is a prevalence of an early contractions of de VMO muscle, however in the PPS group, the VMO onset occurred at the same time or after the VLO and VLL muscles in the mayor of the cases. The Anova three-way and Duncan post hoc showed that in step at 45º, the ratio VMO/VLO (p = 0,000) and VMO/VLL (p = 0,016) was greater then step at 75º in both groups. When compared the steps in 45º and 75º into the groups, were found differences either in the VMO:VLO ratio (p = 0,000) than VMO:VLL ratio (0,016) with greater values in the step at 45º. The comparison between the exercises performed in the same step height showed that both VMO:VLO and VMO:VLL ratios always was greater in the SFS than SFD (p = 0,01), SPS (p = 0,04) and SPD (p = 0,000). There is no difference between SFD and SPS (p = 0,570) or SPD (p = 0,090). In the Control group the SPS was smaller then SPD, on the other hand, in the SDFP group the SPS was greater than SPD (p = 0,30). Our results suggest that there is a difference in the motor control between groups about muscle recruitment either in frontal than posterior step-up at 75º. In the amplitude aspect, the step at 45º seem to recruit selectively the VMO muscle in comparison with VLL and VLO, thus, this step height should be used preferentially in the SDFP treatment programs. Regarding of the mode of execution, the frontal step (SFS) seems to be the most indicated when the objective is the selective activation of the VMO muscle mainly in the step at 45º. / A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar, nos aspectos temporal e de amplitude, a atividade elétrica dos músculos vasto medial oblíquo (VMO), vasto lateral longo (VLL) e vasto lateral oblíquo (VLO) nos exercícios de step frontal: subida (SFS) e descida (SFD) e step posterior: subida (SPS) e descida (SPD). Foram avaliados 27 indivíduos do sexo feminino divididos em dois grupos: 15 clinicamente normais Grupo Controle (21,13 ± 2,17 anos) e 12 portadores da Síndrome da Dor Femoropatelar - SDFP (21,08 ± 2,31). A altura do step foi regulada para dois ângulos - 45º e 75º - de flexão da articulação do joelho. Um metrônomo auxiliou os voluntários quanto ao tempo de execução do exercício, um eletrogoniômetro foi utilizado para controlar o ângulo de flexão do joelho e um sensor de pressão foi utilizado para informar quanto ao início e o final de cada exercício. A atividade elétrica foi captada por meio de eletrodos ativos diferenciais simples de superfície, um eletromiógrafo de 8 canais (EMG System do Brasil) e um programa de aquisição de dados (AqDados 7.02.06). O sinal elétrico captado foi tratado por rotinas do software Matlab 6.1 que calcularam o tempo de início da ativação elétrica para cada músculo (análise temporal) e a integral matemática da área abaixo da envoltória do sinal retificado e filtrado (análise de amplitude). Os valores da integral foram normalizados pela média das três contrações para cada músculo e posteriormente calculada as relações VMO: VLO e VMO: VLL. O tempo relativo de ativação foi determinado subtraindo-se o tempo de ativação do VLL e do VLO do tempo de ativação do VMO (VMO - VLO e VMO-VLL). O teste t - Student (p ≤ 0,05) revelou que, no exercício de subida no step a 75º, houve diferença significativa no tempo relativo de ativação entre os grupos, tanto para o step frontal: VMO-VLO (p = 0,000) e VMO-VLL (p = 0,000), quanto para o step posterior: VMO-VLO (p = 0,000) e VMO-VLL (p = 0,000). No grupo Controle prevaleceu uma ativação antecipada do VMO em relação aos músculos VLL e VLO; já no grupo SDFP houve prevalência da ativação simultânea e tardia do VMO em relação aos demais músculos. A ANOVA thre-way e o teste de Duncan (p≤ 0,05) revelaram diferenças na relação VMO:VLO e VMO:VLL quando comparados os grupos Controle e SDFP (p = 0,014). Os valores da relação VMO:VLO e VMO:VLL foram significativamente maiores no step a 45º do que a 75º (p = 0,000 e p = 0,016, respectivamente) nos dois grupos. A comparação entre os exercícios realizados dentro de uma mesma angulação de step revelou que tanto a relação VMO:VLO quanto VMO:VLL sempre foram maiores no SFS quando comparado ao SFD (p = 0,010), ao SPS (p = 0,040) e ao SPD (p = 0,000). Não houve diferença entre a SFD e a SPS (p=0,570) ou a SPD (p = 0,090). No grupo Controle o SPS foi menor que a SPD (p = 0,030), enquanto que no grupo SDFP ocorreu o inverso nas duas relações em ambos os steps. Nossos resultados sugerem haver diferenças no controle motor entre os grupos quanto ao recrutamento muscular, tanto no step frontal quanto no posterior no ângulo de 75º. Na análise da amplitude, o step a 45 º parece recrutar mais seletivamente o músculo VMO em relação ao VLL e VLO do que no step a 75º, podendo ser utilizado preferencialmente no tratamento de indivíduos portadores de SDFP. Quanto à modalidade de step, o exercício de subida frontal (SFS) parece ser o mais indicado quando o objetivo for a ativação seletiva do músculo VMO principalmente no step a 45º.
72

Patellofemoral smärta relaterat till överbelastning och dess behandling hos barn och unga - en litteraturstudie / Patellofemoral pain related to overuse injury and its treatment in children and adolescents - Systematic review

Danielsson, Andreas, Teichter, Timothy January 2020 (has links)
Bakgrund: Patellofemoral smärta (PFS) är vanligt förekommande hos idrottsaktiva barn och ungdomar vilket kan leda till långvariga besvär och till att barn slutar vara fysiskt aktiv. Individuell fysioterapeutisk behandling används ofta inom primärvården för att tackla detta problem. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vad individuell fysioterapeutisk behandling innebär och granska evidensen för detta samt relatera prevalensen av PFS relaterat till tidig sportspecialisering.   Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie. Sökning gjordes i databaserna PubMed och PEDro. Evidensgradering bedömdes med PEDro, SBUs GRADE och modifierade GRADE. Åtta studier inkluderades i litteraturstudien. En studie undersökte prevalensen av PFS relaterat till tidig specialisering. Sex studier undersökte en multimodal behandling med biopsykosociala faktorer för förbättrad knäsmärta samt självupplevd funktion hos barn och unga både kort- och långsiktigt. En studie undersökte effekten av knä- och höft-träning med gummiband.    Resultat: En studie kom fram till att tidig specialisering ökar risken för PFS 1.5 gånger. Sex studier visade på goda effekter av multimodal behandling med biopsykosociala faktorer för knäsmärta samt självupplevd funktion hos barn och unga både kort- och långsiktigt, dock bedömdes den gemensamma evidensen som otillräcklig enligt GRADE. En studie med hög evidens visade att knä- och höft-träning med gummiband gav minskad knäsmärta samt ökad muskelstyrka.    Konklusion: Tidig specialisering medför en ökad risk för PFS, detta bör kliniker vara uppmärksamma på vid behandling. Behandling för PFS bör inte enbart fokusera på styrketräning för knä- och höft-muskulatur utan även involvera en patientutbildning kring biomekanik av strukturer runt knät och smärthantering samt modifiera de aktiviteter som medför smärta. / Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is common in children and adolescents that are physically active, if untreated it may lead to persistent inconvenience and an abrupt end to adolescents involvement in sports. Individual physiotherapeutic treatment is commonly used in primary care to assess this problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concept individual physiotherapeutic treatment in PFP while assessing their evidence and to investigate the prevalence of PFP related to early sport specialisation.   Method: Systematic review. The search was conducted in databases PubMed and PEDro. Eight studier were included in the study. These studies were assessed to evidence quality according to PEDro-scale, SBUs regular- and modified GRADE. One study investigated the prevalence of PFS related to early sports specialization (ESS). Six studies investigated a multimodal treatment involving biopsychological factors. One study investigated the effect of knee- and hip-training with Theraband.    Results: Early sport specialization increased the risk for PFP 1.5 times. Six studies showed promising results on factors as knee pain and self-assessed function within the population using a multimodal treatment, the combined evidence was estimated as insufficient. One study with high evidence concluded that knee- and hip-training with Theraband decreased knee pain and increased muscle strength.    Conclusion: ESS is associated with an increased risk of developing PFP, this could be a factor that clinicians should be aware of when treating PFP. An intervention treating PFP should include musclestrenghtening and involve psycosocial factors, one method could be through patient education.

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