Recent advances in test automation have seen a host of new techniques for automated test generation, which traditionally has largely been a manual and expensive process. These techniques have enabled generation of much larger numbers of tests at a much reduced cost. When executed successfully, these tests enable a significant increase in our confidence in the program's correctness. However, as our ability to generate greater numbers of tests increases, we are faced with the problem of the likely high cost of executing all the tests in terms of the total execution time. This thesis presents a novel approach - clustered test execution - to address this problem. Instead of executing each test case separately, we execute parts of several tests using a single execution, which then forks into several directions as the behaviors of the tests differ. Our insight is that in a large test suite, several tests are likely to have common initial execution segments, which do not have to be executed over and over again; rather such a segment could be executed once and the execution result shared across all those tests. As an enabling technology we use the Java PathFinder(JPF) model checker, which is a popular explicit-state model checker for Java programs. Experimental results show that our clustering approach for test execution using JPF provides speed-ups over executing each test in turn from a test suite on the JPF java virtual machine. / text

The object proposed in this study is to consider both the activities and the importance of the Pathfinder Force, Royal Air Force, in the Second World War. Their story has a much earlier beginning than 15 August 1942 when the founder squadrons gathered on various R.A.F. stations in the vicinity of the cathedral city of Ely in Cambridgeshire. Some form of target finding and marking became inevitable from the moment it was acknowledged that the preparations that had been made for war during the 1930s were less than adequate. The arguments that ensued pior to August 1942 were much less concerned with the need, than with the form, such a force should take. Unfortunately, while the administrative in-fighting surged back and forth, R.A.F. aircrews went to war not only insufficiently trained but also poorly equipped. Necessity and duty drove these men to attempt to combat weather conditions and enemy defensive measures in aircraft, that all too frequently, were unfitted for the roles they were expected to fulfil. To their credit they pressed on despite the hazards of weather, the fury of enemy defences and the deficiencies of their aircraft and equipment. Regardless of the forces of nature and man ranged against them, the crews of Bomber Command and the Pathfinder Force pressed on. It is therefore fitting that 'Press on Regardless' became the unofficial motto of the Pathfinder Force. It would also provide a singularly apt epitaph for the 3,727 men of the Pathfinder Force who were killed on operations. This work has been written in tribute to all who served in the Pathfinder Force but particularly to those who failed to return.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência à flexocompressão (flambagem) de instrumentos endodônticos empregados no cateterismo de canais radiculares atresiados e se esta varia conforme o comprimento. Flambagem é a deformação lateral apresentada por um instrumento quando submetido a uma força compressiva na direção de seu longo eixo. Foram utilizados instrumentos endodônticos C+File n 10, K-File n 10 (Dentsply-Maillefer, Suíça); CC+ n 10 e C-Pilot n 10 (VDW, Alemanha), HI-5 n 10 (Miltex, EUA), Pathfinder CS K2 e Pathfinder SS (SybronEndo, EUA), sendo dez amostras de cada marca comercial em diferentes comprimentos. As dimensões dos instrumentos, tais como diâmetros, comprimento útil, comprimento da parte de trabalho, conicidades, ângulos de inclinação das hélices, ângulo da ponta, forma de seu vértice e presença de ângulo de transição foram determinadas por meio de um microscópio óptico com dispositivo micrométrico acoplado a um computador (Pantec, Panambra, Brasil). Detalhes da forma das pontas e forma das seções retas transversais foram obtidas por meio de um microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV - JEOL, JSM-5800, Tókio, Japão). O ensaio de flambagem foi realizado empregando-se uma máquina de ensaio universal (EMIC, DL 10.000, Paraná) e consistiu na aplicação de uma força crescente na direção axial dos instrumentos avaliados, sendo registrada por um software até o deslocamento de 1 mm. A análise dos resultados pelo ANOVA e Tukey revelou que a força máxima para flambar os instrumentos foi maior para os da marca comercial C+File tendo os instrumentos Pathfinder SS apresentado os resultados menos favoráveis. Provavelmente a geometria, que se mostrou completamente distinta para cada grupo de instrumentos, influenciou no comportamento dos mesmos, embora o comprimento não tenha interferido na resistência à flexocompressão. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the buckling resistance of endodontic intruments during the pathfinding of constricted root canals and its lenght influence. Buckling is the elastic deformation of an instrument due to the compressive strenght in its axial direction. The instruments surveyed and tested were: C+File #10, K-File #10 (Maillefer, Switerzland), CC+#10, C-Pilot #10 (VDW, Germany), HI-5 #10 (Miltex, USA) and Pathfinder CS K2 and SS (SybronEndo, USA). Ten instruments from different brands with different lenghts were measured through a optical microscope (Pantec, Panambra, Brazil) aiming to register the diameters, total and useful lenght, taper, helical angles and tip angle, whereas tip details and cross sections were obtained through an electronic microscope MEV (JEOL, JSM-5800). The buckling test was performed at an universal testing machine (EMIC, DL 10.000, Brazil). The maximum load during the elastic deformation was measured by a software while applying increasingly pressure in the axial direction of each instrument till a 1mm deformation. The ANOVA e Tukey test analized the results and revealed that the C+File presented the highest buckling resistance while Pathfinder SS presented the worst results. Different designs might interfere with the results but, in general, the lenght did not have statistical influence.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência à flexocompressão (flambagem) de instrumentos endodônticos empregados no cateterismo de canais radiculares atresiados e se esta varia conforme o comprimento. Flambagem é a deformação lateral apresentada por um instrumento quando submetido a uma força compressiva na direção de seu longo eixo. Foram utilizados instrumentos endodônticos C+File n 10, K-File n 10 (Dentsply-Maillefer, Suíça); CC+ n 10 e C-Pilot n 10 (VDW, Alemanha), HI-5 n 10 (Miltex, EUA), Pathfinder CS K2 e Pathfinder SS (SybronEndo, EUA), sendo dez amostras de cada marca comercial em diferentes comprimentos. As dimensões dos instrumentos, tais como diâmetros, comprimento útil, comprimento da parte de trabalho, conicidades, ângulos de inclinação das hélices, ângulo da ponta, forma de seu vértice e presença de ângulo de transição foram determinadas por meio de um microscópio óptico com dispositivo micrométrico acoplado a um computador (Pantec, Panambra, Brasil). Detalhes da forma das pontas e forma das seções retas transversais foram obtidas por meio de um microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV - JEOL, JSM-5800, Tókio, Japão). O ensaio de flambagem foi realizado empregando-se uma máquina de ensaio universal (EMIC, DL 10.000, Paraná) e consistiu na aplicação de uma força crescente na direção axial dos instrumentos avaliados, sendo registrada por um software até o deslocamento de 1 mm. A análise dos resultados pelo ANOVA e Tukey revelou que a força máxima para flambar os instrumentos foi maior para os da marca comercial C+File tendo os instrumentos Pathfinder SS apresentado os resultados menos favoráveis. Provavelmente a geometria, que se mostrou completamente distinta para cada grupo de instrumentos, influenciou no comportamento dos mesmos, embora o comprimento não tenha interferido na resistência à flexocompressão. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the buckling resistance of endodontic intruments during the pathfinding of constricted root canals and its lenght influence. Buckling is the elastic deformation of an instrument due to the compressive strenght in its axial direction. The instruments surveyed and tested were: C+File #10, K-File #10 (Maillefer, Switerzland), CC+#10, C-Pilot #10 (VDW, Germany), HI-5 #10 (Miltex, USA) and Pathfinder CS K2 and SS (SybronEndo, USA). Ten instruments from different brands with different lenghts were measured through a optical microscope (Pantec, Panambra, Brazil) aiming to register the diameters, total and useful lenght, taper, helical angles and tip angle, whereas tip details and cross sections were obtained through an electronic microscope MEV (JEOL, JSM-5800). The buckling test was performed at an universal testing machine (EMIC, DL 10.000, Brazil). The maximum load during the elastic deformation was measured by a software while applying increasingly pressure in the axial direction of each instrument till a 1mm deformation. The ANOVA e Tukey test analized the results and revealed that the C+File presented the highest buckling resistance while Pathfinder SS presented the worst results. Different designs might interfere with the results but, in general, the lenght did not have statistical influence.

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Detta är en studie om hur mening tillskrivs till karaktärsblad i tabletop-rollspelet Pathfinder.Syftet med studien är att se hur spelare av Pathfinder tillskriver mening till sina karaktärsbladsamt förhåller sig till dessa karaktärers fiktiva kroppar genom spelandet av dem. Genomdeltagande observationer och intervjuer med gruppen av spelare formas materialet som dennastudie baserats på. Med interaktionism från Erving Goffman och kroppslig fenomenologi somtar insperation från Maurice Merleau-Ponty och Sara Ahmed analyseras hur denna meningsom spelarna skapar tillskrivs till karaktärsbladet. Genom kapitlen får man en inblick i hurspelarna från början bygger upp sin karaktär och genom spelandet av den formar en relationoch tillskriver mening till denna.

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No description available.

Java Pathfinder (JPF) is a tool to debug Java-based software running multiple threads or processes, with a textual output that be may hard to understand. Recent development introduced the possibility to generate a trace from JPF and visualize it in Trace Compass (TC), a general-purpose trace viewing application. Due to difficulties in maintaining and developing new features for TC, Theia Trace Viewer (TTV) has emerged as the replacement for TC. TTV is a browser-based trace viewer and makes it possible to visualize traces without any download or installation by the user. In this work, we migrate the existing functionality of JPF Trace from TC to TTV and conduct a user study on how TTV supports users analyzing JPF traces. Our results show that TTV is a good start and has great potential, but requires further development before replacing JPF results in textual format. / Java Pathfinder (JPF) är ett verktyg för att hitta fel i Javabaserad mjukvara som exekverar med flera trådar eller processer, där resultat skickas ut som text och kan vara svårt att förstå. Nyligen utvecklades möjligheten att generera ett spår och visualisera i Trace Compass (TC), ett program som kan visualisera olika typer av spårformat. På grund av svårigheter med att underhålla och utveckla nya funktioner för TC, så har Theia Trace Viewer (TTV) vuxit fram som ersättaren för TC. TTV är en webbläsare-baserad traceviewer, där det är möjligt att visualisera spår utan att användaren behöver ladda ner eller installera något. I detta arbete, migrerar vi den befintliga funktionaliteten för JPF Trace i TC till TTV och genomför en användarstudie för att ta reda på hur TTV hjälper användare analysera JPF spår. Vårat resultat visar att TTV är en bra början med god potential, men behöver utvecklas vidare innan det går att ersätta JPF resultat i textformat.

Radio frequency identification, also known as RFID technology, has been commercially available since World War II. In recent years, interest has turned toward using RFID in supply chain management, such as monitoring and tracking business processes. There are many businesses that have already invested in an RFID supply chain management solution but little is known about the current state of diffusion of RFID technology and the role of advocacy groups in the diffusion process. This research investigated the current state of RFID diffusion in New Zealand according to diffusion of innovation and Moore’s theory to provide insight into the role of innovation advocacy groups such as New Zealand RFID Pathfinder Group (referred as the NZ RFID Pathfinder Group). RFID in supply chain management terms is inter-organisational and much of the role of advocacy groups is in networking between players in the supply chain management context. Therefore, this research focused on industry group leaders. The research was conducted in two main parts, an online questionnaire survey and a follow up interview. The online questionnaire survey used a quantitative approach while the interview used a qualitative one. In summary, the result show that: 14% industries (seven out of 51) have already adopted RFID technology, the industries were from importer, research institute, manufacturing, and distribution; 36% have plans (16 out of 44) to adopt RFID technology in the near future, the industries were from importer, research institute, manufacturing, and distribution; and 64% industries (28 out of 44) did not any plan to adopt RFID. The strong recommendation was to standardise each aspect of the technology, making the products available to clients and creating competition between RFID technology service suppliers, thus bringing down the cost through market forces. Increasing the number of members of advocacy group could also encourage RFID adoption. One group of potential RFID adopters in the future will be local branches of international companies with a mandate to adopt RFID technology. The results suggest that the NZ RFID Pathfinder Group should set the direction of NZ RFID adoption; get involved in national pilots; and the activities of lobbying governments and associations and information sharing.