Sabe-se que as comunidades tradicionais lutam por viver em terras que compreendam as características do seu território original. Tais comunidades são consideradas profundas conhecedoras de estratégias de sustentabilidade dos ambientes onde vivem, sendo fortemente conectadas com ambientes naturais e com os recursos encontrados no local. No entanto, de acordo com a bibliografia, as áreas normalmente disponíveis para o assentamento das comunidades indígenas estão longe de possuir a capacidade de suporte à sua tradição. O presente estudo envolve uma reflexão a respeito da comunidade indígena Mbyá Guarani, localizada no município de Palmares do Sul / RS / Brasil, mais especificamente sobre seus padrões de construções e de ocupação dos espaços. O estudo, portanto, foi direcionado para questões práticas e estudos empíricos, onde a observação, expressão gráfica e entrevistas foram as principais fontes de evidência. A estratégia de pesquisa proposta foi a pesquisa-ação, visando identificar as reais necessidades da comunidade, assim como, avaliar o aprendizado e as mudanças decorrentes do processo de pesquisa. Parte do problema de pesquisa incluiu a participação da comunidade no desenvolvimento de projetos e construções na aldeia. Na etapa final foi proposta a utilização do estudo desenvolvido pelo arquiteto Christopher Alexander, The Pattern Language, como guia para construção de uma linguagem de padrões indígena para a comunidade Mbyá Guarani do Tekoá Yryapú. Espera-se que este estudo possibilite um melhor entendimento sobre a configuração das aldeias Mbyá Guarani, construídas de acordo com sua própria linguagem. Espera-se, também, que este estudo auxilie na compreensão da diversidade de etnias indígenas no Brasil, cada uma com diferentes características das avaliadas nesta pesquisa. Conseqüentemente, através desta atenção dada à comunidade indígena, busca-se compreender seus valores, presentes nos espaços que ocupam, nas suas construções e nos seus processos construtivos. / It is known that traditional communities strive for living in a land that fulfils the characteristics of their original territory. Such communities are considered very knowledgeable regarding sustainable strategies for the environment they inhabit as they are strongly connected with the environment. However, according to the literature, the areas usually allocated to indigenous settlements are far from having the carrying capacity required by their traditional way of living. The present work performs an analysis on the behavior of a Mbyá Guarani indigenous community, living in the municipality of Palmares do Sul, Brazil, more specifically on its constructions and space occupancy patterns. The study was directed towards pragmatic questions and empirical studies in which observation, graphical expression and interviews were the main sources of evidence. The research strategy employed was an action research, aiming at identifying the community’s real needs and also tried to evaluate the community learning and behavior changes resulting from the research process. Part of the research problem included identification of the approach adopted by the community in the development of projects and constructions for their village. Christopher Alexander´s Pattern Language instructed the construction of a specific pattern language for the community. It is expected that this study will enable a better understanding of the configuration of the Mbyá Guarani villages, built according to their own language. It is expected that this study will help in the understanding of a diversity of other ethnic indigenous communities in Brazil, each having different characteristics from the one evaluated in this research, but having similar values applied in their relation with the environment, buildings and constructions.

This thesis argues the case for the use of a pattern language based on the basic features of the programming language used in instruction for the teaching of programming. We believe that the difficulties that novices are known to have encountered with the task of learning to program ever since the inception of computers derive from a basic misfit between the language used to communicate with a computer, the programming language, and the way that humans think. The thrust of the pattern language idea is that patterns are the essential element in understanding how the mind words in that they are the source of that relationship that we call `meaning'. What an entity or event `means' to us derives from the effect that it has on us as living biological beings, a relationship that exists in the `real world', not from any linguistic relationship at the symbolic level. Meaning, as a real world relationship, derives from the patterns of interactions that constitute being. The meaning that an entity has for an individual is more than can be expressed in a formal definition, definitions are matters of agreement, convention, not the pattern of experience that the individual has acquired through living. What is missing for a novice in any skill acquisition process is meaning, the pattern of experience. All that we can give them using a formal linguistic system like a programming language is definitions, not meaning. Pattern language is the way that we think because it exists at that fundamental level of experience as living beings. The patterns of experience become the patterns of thought through recurrence, not through definition. But this takes time, so in presenting new material to a person trying to learn, we have to present it in the form of a pattern language, the 'cognitive map' that drives the problem solving process. Creativity is always a function of combining ideas, what is really being created is new meaning, not a program, or a house, or a poem, or a sculpture - these things are mere implementations of meaning. Ultimately meaning can derive only from experience, the pattern of life around us, so creativity is the language of experience, pattern language. The mind is the product of experience, creativity its modus operandi.

Patterns provide solutions to recurring design problems in a variety of domains, including that of software design. The best patterns are generative: they show how to build the solution they propose, rather than just explaining it. A collection of patterns that work together to generate a complex system is called a pattern language. Pattern languages have been written for domains as diverse as architecture and computer science, but the process of developing pattern languages is not well understood. This thesis focuses on defining both the structure of pattern languages and the processes by which they are built. The theoretical foundation of the work is existing theory on symmetry breaking. The form of the work is itself a pattern language: a Language Designer's Pattern Language (LDPL). LDPL itself articulates the structure of pattern languages and the key processes by which they form and evolve, and thus guides the building of a properly structured pattern language. LDPL uses multidisciplinary examples to validate the claims made, and an existing software pattern language is analyzed using the material developed. A key assumption of this thesis is that a pattern language is a structural entity; a pattern is not just a transformation on system structure, but also the resultant structural configuration. Another key assumption is that it is valid to treat a pattern language itself as a complex, designed system, and therefore valid to develop a pattern language for building pattern languages. One way of developing a pattern language for building pattern languages would be to search for underlying commonality across a variety of existing, well known pattern languages. Such underlying commonality would form the basis for patterns in LDPL. This project has not directly followed this approach, simply because very few pattern languages that are genuinely structural have currently been explicitly documented. Instead, given that pattern languages articulate structure and behavior of complex systems, this research has investigated existing complex systems theory - in particular, symmetry-breaking - and used that theory to underpin the pattern language. The patterns in the language are validated by examples of those patterns within two well known pattern languages, and within several existing systems whose pattern languages have not necessarily been explicitly documented as such, but the existence of which is assumed in the analysis. In addition to developing LDPL, this project has used LDPL to critique an existing software pattern language, and to show how that software pattern language could potentially have been generated using LDPL. Existing relationships between patterns in the software language have been analyzed and, in some cases, changes to patterns and their interconnections have been proposed as a way of improving the language. This project makes a number of key contributions to pattern language research. It provides a basis for semantic analysis of pattern languages and demonstrates the validity of using a pattern language to articulate the structure of pattern languages and the processes by which they are built. The project uses symmetry-breaking theory to analyze pattern languages and applies that theory to the development of a language. The resulting language, LDPL, provides language developers with a tool they can use to help build pattern languages.

People always want to get a wonderful experience from a performance production. Although the main purpose for audiences come to a theater is to enjoy the performance, they will almost certainly get in touch with the "front of the house" first. The contact with the staffs there has become an important factor to influence their experiences. Front of the house has also turn out to be a good place for performing arts groups to show their image, to market their brands, and to build a relationship with audience. However, the service quality is not stable or cannot be improved in a short time often, because of the venues change, full-time administrator¡¦s shortage and high turnover, or the temporary manpower. In order to overcome these problems, it is necessary to have a working manual and management. This study will built up ¡§Standard Operating Procedures¡¨ based on the theories of knowledge management and customer service. An operation manual of front of the house will be accomplished to offer performing arts groups as the most suitable tool; and hope it can improve the quality of works, reduce the factors of variability, and satisfy the audiences¡¦ demands. With a stable quality of the works of the front of the house, a performing arts group can give its audiences a comfortable theater environment and leave them a good impression. This study also conducts several depth interviews with the experienced front of the house managers of various performing arts groups. According to their ¡§management modes¡¨ and ¡§situation handling approaches,¡¨ the front of the house management can divided into four different styles: ¡§positive-type,¡¨¡§conservative-type,¡¨ ¡§cautious-type,¡¨ and ¡§flexible-type.¡¨ These four styles can be the basic models for other groups to follow.

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone / The traditional architecture is replaced with modern architecture which delivers less sustainable designs. The houses consume more energy, are less useful, and eventually cost more money. The focus of social, economical, and environmental impacts helps the project become more sustainable. The pillars are narrowed to patterns and principles. The vernacular architecture with passive design supports the principle. A Pattern Language with logical explanation supports the patterns. The design includes a floor plan, elevations, and section to provide the idea of how to apply the principles and patterns.

No description available.

As video game designers focus on immersive interactive stories, the number of game object interactions grows exponentially. Most games use manually-programmed scripts to control object interactions, although automated techniques for generating scripts from high-level specifications are being introduced. For example, ScriptEase provides designers with generative patterns that inject commonly-occurring interactions into games. ScriptEase patterns generate scripts for the game Neverwinter Nights. A kind of generative pattern, the quest pattern, generates scripting code controlling the plot in story-based games. I present my additions to the quest pattern architecture (meta quest points and abandonable subquests), a catalogue of quest patterns, and the results of two studies measuring their effectiveness. These studies show that quest patterns are easy-to-use, substantially reduce plot scripting errors, and their catalogue is highly-reusable between games. These studies demonstrate ScriptEase generative quest patterns are a desirable alternative to manual plot scripting in commercial, story-based games.

abstract: Interior design continues to re-define itself as a discipline that presents designers with new problems that require innovative solutions. This is particularly true in the case in office design. The transformation of the office environment from the standard bullpen configuration to today's dynamic, flexible, and open floor plans has required new design methodologies that incorporate tools and technologies that are readily available to interior designers. Today, increased use of teams in the workplace challenges interior designers to create environments that accommodate both group and individual tasks (Brill, Weidermann & BOSTI associates, 2001). Collaboration has received considerable attention as organizations focus on productivity and reducing costs to compete in a global economy (Hassanain, 2006). Designers and architects should learn to create environments that respond to dynamic, moveable, and flexible work methods. This web-based research study explores the use of pattern language as a new tool for designing collaborative work environments. In 1977, Christopher Alexander and his associates developed `Pattern language' (Alexander, Ishikawa & Silverstein, 1977) as a design formulation methodology. It consists of a series of interrelated physical elements combined to create a framework for design solutions. This pattern language tool for collaborative work environments was created based on research by Lori Anthony (2001). This study further builds upon current trends and research in collaborative work environments. The researcher conducted a pilot test by sending the web-based tool and an online questionnaire to all graduate students and faculty members in the fields of interior design and healthcare and healing environment (HHE). After testing its validity in The Design School at Arizona State University, the same tool and questionnaire was sent to the employees of one of the leading architecture and interior design firms in Phoenix, AZ. The results showed that among those design professionals surveyed, the majority believe pattern language could be a valuable design tool. The insights obtained from this study will provide designers, architects, and facility managers with a new design tool to aid in creating effective collaborative spaces in a work environment. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.D. Design 2011

Sabe-se que as comunidades tradicionais lutam por viver em terras que compreendam as características do seu território original. Tais comunidades são consideradas profundas conhecedoras de estratégias de sustentabilidade dos ambientes onde vivem, sendo fortemente conectadas com ambientes naturais e com os recursos encontrados no local. No entanto, de acordo com a bibliografia, as áreas normalmente disponíveis para o assentamento das comunidades indígenas estão longe de possuir a capacidade de suporte à sua tradição. O presente estudo envolve uma reflexão a respeito da comunidade indígena Mbyá Guarani, localizada no município de Palmares do Sul / RS / Brasil, mais especificamente sobre seus padrões de construções e de ocupação dos espaços. O estudo, portanto, foi direcionado para questões práticas e estudos empíricos, onde a observação, expressão gráfica e entrevistas foram as principais fontes de evidência. A estratégia de pesquisa proposta foi a pesquisa-ação, visando identificar as reais necessidades da comunidade, assim como, avaliar o aprendizado e as mudanças decorrentes do processo de pesquisa. Parte do problema de pesquisa incluiu a participação da comunidade no desenvolvimento de projetos e construções na aldeia. Na etapa final foi proposta a utilização do estudo desenvolvido pelo arquiteto Christopher Alexander, The Pattern Language, como guia para construção de uma linguagem de padrões indígena para a comunidade Mbyá Guarani do Tekoá Yryapú. Espera-se que este estudo possibilite um melhor entendimento sobre a configuração das aldeias Mbyá Guarani, construídas de acordo com sua própria linguagem. Espera-se, também, que este estudo auxilie na compreensão da diversidade de etnias indígenas no Brasil, cada uma com diferentes características das avaliadas nesta pesquisa. Conseqüentemente, através desta atenção dada à comunidade indígena, busca-se compreender seus valores, presentes nos espaços que ocupam, nas suas construções e nos seus processos construtivos. / It is known that traditional communities strive for living in a land that fulfils the characteristics of their original territory. Such communities are considered very knowledgeable regarding sustainable strategies for the environment they inhabit as they are strongly connected with the environment. However, according to the literature, the areas usually allocated to indigenous settlements are far from having the carrying capacity required by their traditional way of living. The present work performs an analysis on the behavior of a Mbyá Guarani indigenous community, living in the municipality of Palmares do Sul, Brazil, more specifically on its constructions and space occupancy patterns. The study was directed towards pragmatic questions and empirical studies in which observation, graphical expression and interviews were the main sources of evidence. The research strategy employed was an action research, aiming at identifying the community’s real needs and also tried to evaluate the community learning and behavior changes resulting from the research process. Part of the research problem included identification of the approach adopted by the community in the development of projects and constructions for their village. Christopher Alexander´s Pattern Language instructed the construction of a specific pattern language for the community. It is expected that this study will enable a better understanding of the configuration of the Mbyá Guarani villages, built according to their own language. It is expected that this study will help in the understanding of a diversity of other ethnic indigenous communities in Brazil, each having different characteristics from the one evaluated in this research, but having similar values applied in their relation with the environment, buildings and constructions.

Sabe-se que as comunidades tradicionais lutam por viver em terras que compreendam as características do seu território original. Tais comunidades são consideradas profundas conhecedoras de estratégias de sustentabilidade dos ambientes onde vivem, sendo fortemente conectadas com ambientes naturais e com os recursos encontrados no local. No entanto, de acordo com a bibliografia, as áreas normalmente disponíveis para o assentamento das comunidades indígenas estão longe de possuir a capacidade de suporte à sua tradição. O presente estudo envolve uma reflexão a respeito da comunidade indígena Mbyá Guarani, localizada no município de Palmares do Sul / RS / Brasil, mais especificamente sobre seus padrões de construções e de ocupação dos espaços. O estudo, portanto, foi direcionado para questões práticas e estudos empíricos, onde a observação, expressão gráfica e entrevistas foram as principais fontes de evidência. A estratégia de pesquisa proposta foi a pesquisa-ação, visando identificar as reais necessidades da comunidade, assim como, avaliar o aprendizado e as mudanças decorrentes do processo de pesquisa. Parte do problema de pesquisa incluiu a participação da comunidade no desenvolvimento de projetos e construções na aldeia. Na etapa final foi proposta a utilização do estudo desenvolvido pelo arquiteto Christopher Alexander, The Pattern Language, como guia para construção de uma linguagem de padrões indígena para a comunidade Mbyá Guarani do Tekoá Yryapú. Espera-se que este estudo possibilite um melhor entendimento sobre a configuração das aldeias Mbyá Guarani, construídas de acordo com sua própria linguagem. Espera-se, também, que este estudo auxilie na compreensão da diversidade de etnias indígenas no Brasil, cada uma com diferentes características das avaliadas nesta pesquisa. Conseqüentemente, através desta atenção dada à comunidade indígena, busca-se compreender seus valores, presentes nos espaços que ocupam, nas suas construções e nos seus processos construtivos. / It is known that traditional communities strive for living in a land that fulfils the characteristics of their original territory. Such communities are considered very knowledgeable regarding sustainable strategies for the environment they inhabit as they are strongly connected with the environment. However, according to the literature, the areas usually allocated to indigenous settlements are far from having the carrying capacity required by their traditional way of living. The present work performs an analysis on the behavior of a Mbyá Guarani indigenous community, living in the municipality of Palmares do Sul, Brazil, more specifically on its constructions and space occupancy patterns. The study was directed towards pragmatic questions and empirical studies in which observation, graphical expression and interviews were the main sources of evidence. The research strategy employed was an action research, aiming at identifying the community’s real needs and also tried to evaluate the community learning and behavior changes resulting from the research process. Part of the research problem included identification of the approach adopted by the community in the development of projects and constructions for their village. Christopher Alexander´s Pattern Language instructed the construction of a specific pattern language for the community. It is expected that this study will enable a better understanding of the configuration of the Mbyá Guarani villages, built according to their own language. It is expected that this study will help in the understanding of a diversity of other ethnic indigenous communities in Brazil, each having different characteristics from the one evaluated in this research, but having similar values applied in their relation with the environment, buildings and constructions.