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濕地保育評價-條件評價法之應用與檢討 / Wetland Conservation Valuation : A Case Study of the Contingent Valuation Method曾明遜, Tseng, Ming-Hsun Unknown Date (has links)
雖然濕地是一種具有生態、經濟與景觀價值的富地資源,但由於這些價值通常具有「有行無市」的特質,因而在市場價格的論斤秤兩過程中,許多重要的濕地便成為市場價格運作下的犧牲品。為了改善此種有行無市的市場失靈現象,本研究利用可獲得使用價值與非使用價值的條件評價法(CVM)分析台北市與台南縣居民對不同濕地保育方案所賦予的價值,並利用有母數與無母數統計方法檢測此種方法可能產生的相關課題,特別是數量變異問題的檢測。本研究主要特色係納入「態度--行為」評價歷程、透過濕地意像分析掌握評價意涵與供給不確定性因素的考量,除此之外,並使用七種不同問卷結構的實驗設計檢測條件評價法的相關課題。
應用分析檢測結果顯示,台北市受訪者願付數額顯著高於台南縣,願付數額的理由不論是台北市或台南縣受訪者「非使用價值動機」皆顯著高於「使用價值動機」,而且發現保育範圍愈大的方案主觀供給機率愈小的現象。相關課題檢測結果顯示, 55公頃關渡濕地保育範圍的維護方案與8135公頃五大濕地保育範圍的維護方案受訪者最大願付數額(WTP)無顯著差異(數量變異問題)、單一濕地維護方案加上四大濕地維護方案之願付數額顯著高於五大濕地維題方案(加總問題)、「濕地信託基金」支付工具評價結果顯著高於「額外稅賦」(支付工具偏誤問題)。如果排除研究程序上的問題,此結果隱含條件評價法仍未能完全滿足數量變異的原則,就本研究實證分析探討,條件評價法未能滿足數量變異原則,供給不確定性是一項重要因素,因此條件評價法課題的改善,供給不確定效果的改善或許是一個可考量的方向。
由於條件評價法仍未能獲得可信的評價結果,而且此方法所獲得的評價結果僅是行為傾向而非賞際行為的結果,因而以條件評價法所獲得評價結果從事濕地政策的應用,在現階段仍不是一個十分恰當的做法。然而,此現象並不縮減條件評價法的重要性,因為現今仍未有比條件評價法更好的研究方法可獲得非使用價值,因此條件評價法的改善、其他評價研究方法或整合條件評價法與其他研究方法等研究發展,或許是評價研究可發展的方向。 / The major object of this study is to applyy the contingent valuation method(CVM),based on the willingness to pay(WTP)concept,to analyze the valuation of different wetland conservation projects among residents in Taipei city and Tainan prefecture.
Furthermore,this study uses a set of seven surveys to test the issuess of CVM measurement of wetland conservation total values with parametric and nonparametric tests.In addition,this study incorporates the valuation process basedd on attitude-behavior studies,the images of the wetland and supply uncertainties to debate aboutthese issues.
Empirical results indicate that Taipei respondents show significant higher valuation than their counterparts in Tainan,that nonuse value motives are greater than use value motives,and that the greater conservation projects have less subjective supply probabilities.Furthermore,this study finds that the magnitude variation principle does not exist in the CVM process while the aggregation problem and the payment vehicle bias exist.This study considers the supply uncertainty is one important cause of rejecting magnitude variation hypotheses.Future research should consider how to improve the supply uncertainty effect.
Because the current CVM fails to achieve reliable results,and the CVM results are behavioral intention,which is different from actual behavior, thus it restricts the wetland policy pplication.However, this situation does not diminish the importance of wetland conservation valuation with the CVM,since no other methods can achieve the measurement of nonuse values. Therefore,how to improve the reliability and validity of CVM,how to integrate CVM and other methods or other valuation approaches may be one imnportant direction for future valuation research.
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