No description available.

Food waste is one of an organic waste and contains the value of recycling and reusing. EPA shows that there are almost the amount of 4500 tons food wastes which is about 36~64% in households in Taiwan everyday. Therefore, if food wastes could be reused again, not only greatly reducing the amount of waste, decreasing the problem of odor from progressing food wastes, but also increasing the using year of landfills and incinerators. Furthermore, it can develop fully the value of multiple reusing in recycling. The study is forced on questionnaires for the residents of the city of Kaohsiung and Taichung, to know the present of recycling of food waste and its difficulty in executing a strategy. Conferring the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept of food waste recovery and if the price is different or not by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), and moreover evaluating the potential benefit. The results of the study are as following: there are conspicuous difference in ¡§if doing something about recovery¡¨ ¡§the way of recovery¡¨ and ¡§if see any inspectors examine the classification of refuse¡¨. The most difficulties of recovery food waste in both cities are ¡§its odor and breed mosquito and fly easily¡¨ and ¡§not knowing clearly what materials should be recovered or not¡¨. About the price of the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept, the major answer shows ¡§No, I would not.¡¨ from this questionnaires. On the other hand, answers of ¡§Yes, I would like.¡¨ all hope that the pay less is better and the compensation more is better. The price of the willingness to pay of Kaohsiung residents is NT$ 41.8 dollars, and Taichung residents is NT$ 45.3 dollars. Otherwise, the higher environmental conscious the Kaohsiung residents have, the higher willing to pay. At the same time, the difficulty of recovery food waste is low comparatively. In addition, ¡§occupation¡¨ ¡§family revenue per month¡¨ ¡§cooking per week¡¨ have effect on the price of the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept. In the result of regression, some of variable parameters could affect the price of the willingness to pay. It maybe provides society for reference according the benefit in the estimating of regression. Therefore, the study hopes to provide the decision-maker more clear environmental and economical information through evaluate and analyze the willingness of pay of food waste. Furthermore, it maybe help the government to make a future policy in order to practice the food waste recovery indeed and carry out the target of reducing the amount of waste and resources recovering for a sustainable resources of food waste.

ABSTRACT APPLICATION OF NON-MARKET ECONOMIC VALUATION METHOD TO VALUE THE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN MONETARY TERMS: A CASE STUDY IN YOZGAT PROVINCE Horasanli, Erol M.Sc., Department of Environmental Engineering Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Emre ALP December 2010, 100 pages Determining environmental economic benefits of geothermal energy is difficult since there is no market for all environmental goods and services related to it. In order to determine and measure the market price of non-market goods and services, non-market valuation methods are used. Since intangible benefits do not have monetary values, non-market valuation techniques are applied to estimate them. Non-market valuation methods are important tools for policy makers in the cost and benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment process to aid their final decision. In this study, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to determine the environmental benefits of using geothermal energy for house heating instead of fossil fuels and natural gas in Yozgat (center). The willingness to pay for geothermal energy of the Yozgat residents was determined and underlying motivations to use geothermal energy were assessed. The results showed that the mean willingness to pay (WTP) for the usage of geothermal energy in house heating to increase air quality and mitigate the effects v of climate change is $50/person/month. The results also showed that respondents know the importance of the climate changes and they believe that geothermal energy usage will affect the mitigation of climate changes positively. The geothermal energy investment in the region will amortize itself in 3 years. Therefore, in the feasibility studies, geothermal energy investment seems feasible. During the regression analyses, climate change and air pollution parameters were the most significant parameters for the calculation of mean WTP. Since, decrease in air pollution using geothermal energy, will also mitigate the effect of climate changes, during the geothermal investment in the region, training activities and campaigns should be carried to cover the issues of climate change and global warming to emphasis that geothermal energy will serve for multi-dimensional environmental problems.

20世紀60年代以降，在強調自然環境護與觀光地區永續利用理念的潮流之下，世界上許多關注於生態保育的學者與民間團體，紛紛提出並推廣了兼顧自然保育與遊憩發展目的—生態旅遊(ecotourism)。 台灣地狹人稠且都市擴張迅速，使得許多自然環境資源已逐漸成為都市的一部分，加上近年來國人休閒意識的覺醒與親近自然環境的需求增加，更讓自然環境地區成為都市人們不可或缺的紓壓與渡假場所。位於台北市文山區南端的貓空地區，便是在過去20～30年間休閒遊憩發展蓬勃的景點，以鄰近都會區、特色茶產與宗教聖地—指南宮為名。貓空地區大多屬於農業保護區。海拔在七百公尺以下，雖不甚陡峭但地貌複雜多變、雨量豐沛，植物林相及生物資源豐富。加上貓空地區規劃完善之登山步道系統、遠近馳名的宗教聖地指南宮以及著名的茶產文化，提供了發展生態旅遊的生態動植物資源、休閒遊憩資源、宗教文化資源以及產業文化資源，且因為位於台北市都會區，與近年國際興起的「都市型生態旅遊」之型態不謀而合。 都市型生態旅遊地區除了提供與一般遊憩區皆有的遊憩、休閒、教育等使用價值外，尚有生態環境保育效益的非使用價值存在，為評估都市生態旅遊地區所具有的完整環境價值，本研究運用條件評估法（Contingent Valuation Method, CVM），以支付卡法(payment card method)之詢價方式獲得遊客的願付價格(willing to pay, WTP)，並採用負二元名義(negative binomial)模式建立迴歸模型，獲得主要結果為：存在價值每年約3,693,065,610元，遺贈價值約每年5,368,737,520元，非市場價值高達約每年9,061,803,130元。 / From 1960s, due to the rise of environment protecting concepts and sustainable use of tourist spots, there are more and more non-government organizations and scholars, who care about ecological conversation, propose the importance of ecotourism, which aim at both the conversation of natural and recreation development. Taiwan is densely populated and has rapidly urban expansion, which has caused natural environmental resources gradually becoming a important part of city. Moreover, the awareness of leisure consciousness and increasing need for accessing to the natural have made it an indispensable relaxing and vacation location for Taipei people. Maokong, located at the south of Wen-Shan district in Taipei, is a famous spot with burgeoning creation activities over the past twenty-five years. It is well-known for its convenience, characteristic tea industry and the sacred place-Zhinan Temple. Mostly parts of Maokong belong to agricultural reservation. The altitude is 700 meters below, although not as steep as others, it has a diversity of terrain features, abundant in rainfall, botanical life-form and organism resources. Those plentiful ecological resources above, the great location near the urban, old-line religious history and culture, plus perfect planning of mountain climbing trail. With all the inborn conditions make Maokong perfect for developing the international-popular leisure style - urban ecotourism. Urban ecotourism place provides not only the use value of recreation, leisure and education, but also the non-use value of preservation benefits. In order to evaluate the total value, I used Contingent Valuation Method with Payment Card Method to get the Willing to Pay of tourists, and further I used the Negative Binomial to establish the model. The main result: the Existence Value is about $3,693,065,610(TWD) per year, the Bequest Value is about $5,368,737,520(TWD) per year, finally the Non-market value is about $9,061,803,130 (TWD).

目前臺灣農村面臨許多的問題，設立「生態村」結合農村社區總體營造與生態旅遊，可以同時兼顧農業生產、農村生活、以及生態保育「三生」的功能，為臺灣的農村社區，指引出一條不一樣的發展途徑。南投縣埔里鎮桃米社區在結合觀光服務業與自然生態資源，轉型成為「桃米生態休閒農業村」之後，為該社區居民保有優美、豐富的生態資源並且帶來了更多的經濟收入。 臺灣生態村的類型，可分為(一)著重建築規劃設計、(二)著重社區整體規劃、(三)兼具建築技術與社區規劃，以及(四)既有農村社區轉型而成之類型，目前許多農村地區「生態村」的經營模式，多以休閒農業及發展生態旅遊為規劃方向，因此較著重於生態保育以及社區整體規劃。未來，生態村除了著重於自然環境資源的保育之外，亦可加強生態建築的規劃，營造一個重視保育、循環與低負荷的社區環境。 環境資源所具有的總價值基本上可分為「使用價值」與「非使用價值」兩種，使用價值是實際使用資源所產生的價值，而非使用價值係目前沒有使用資源所具有的價值。通常在評估環境資源的方法有(一)特徵價格法、(二)旅行成本法、(三)條件評估法，三種評估方法，而評估非使用價值目前僅有條件評估法而供使用，當然條件評估法不可避免地存有缺點，但目前國內外實證研究仍多視條件評估法為可行之方法，因此本研究係採用條件評估法探求桃米生態村之非使用價值。 桃米生態村的轉型經驗，可謂兼具天時、地利、人和，在社區居民、專家團體以及政府的共同努力，將農村社區做一、二、三級產業的垂直整合，透過居民參與，凝聚社區向心力與歸屬感，共同致力於桃米社區的發展，不僅創造了社區三級產業的收入，更可達到生態保育的效果，此實例可供許多農村社區做為社區轉型的參考依據。 在建立非使用價值評估步驟之後，依順序逐步完成問卷調查，本研究同時分析單界二元Probit與Logit模型，以及完整決策Tobit模型，最後採Tobit模型的估計結果，受訪者每戶每年願意支付桃米生態村的「存在價值」為363.98元；「選擇價值」為328.63元；而「遺贈價值」則為548.53元。

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLEUTON CLENES DA SILVA.pdf: 1417621 bytes, checksum: 3f9b7f8cea0cb7097d1e697b0a56809b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / This study evaluates the spontaneous Willingness to Pay (WTP) of a proportion of the Goiania II and Sao Judas Tadeu Goiânia residents in order to reduce or eliminate the air pollution, supposedly generated by Goiania II ETE (Sewage Treatment System) and Unilever, which could result in improved quality of life for those who live nearby. The goal of the research was to put a price on environmental pollution, so it was decided to use the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), as this is most frequently recommended and used when analyzing individual consumer preference in relation to the environmental goods or services at their disposal. As a field research technique, questionnaires were given to a sample of this population, with the aim of evaluating the interviewees conceptions in relation to the environmental issues exacerbated by the Goiania II ETE and Unilever. In order to justify and tabulate the answers found in the questionnaires, the SPSS statistical program was used for regression analyses. Spontaneous WTP was considered the dependent variable while the independent variables included income, education level, occupation, etc.. By means of the field research, it could be affirmed from the majority of interviewees responses that the problem of air pollution, from their conception, is associated in particular with the industries of the region. They further highlight that Government at all levels (local, state and federal) is negligent in terms of the environmental issues which affect the residents. It was concluded that the vast majority of respondents is not willing to pay to reduce or eliminate the existing air pollution that they have to put up with, allegedly for economic reasons. Respondents warn that the Goiania II ETE and Unilever need to improve collective sewage treatment and put environmental policies in place. / Esta pesquisa avalia a Disposição a Pagar (DAP) espontânea de um percentual dos habitantes dos setores Goiânia II e São Judas Tadeu de Goiânia, para diminuir ou desaparecer com o problema da poluição do ar gerado supostamente pela ETE Goiânia II e Unilever, o que poderá resultar na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos habitantes que vivem nas proximidades dessas empresas. O objetivo da pesquisa é, valorar a poluição ambiental, por isso, decidiu-se pelo Método de Valoração Contingente (MVC), devido ser o mais recomendado e utilizado para analisar a preferência individual dos consumidores em relação aos bens ou serviços ambientais disponibilizados a eles. A técnica utilizada na pesquisa de campo foi o uso de questionários a uma amostra dessa população, tendo como intuito, avaliar a concepção dos entrevistados em relação à questão ambiental agravada pela ETE Goiânia II e Unilever. Para justificar e tabular as respostas encontradas nos questionários foi utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS fazendo a análise de regressão. Considerou-se como variável dependente a Disposição a Pagar (DAP), e como variáveis independentes, a renda, o nível de escolaridade, profissão, etc. Pela pesquisa de campo, pôde-se afirmar através da maioria dos pesquisados, que o problema do ar poluído, nas suas concepções, está associado em especial às indústrias da região. Destacam ainda que, o Poder Público em todas as esferas (municipal, estadual e federal), são omissos no que diz respeito aos problemas ambientais que os afetam. Conclui-se ainda que, a grande maioria dos pesquisados, não estão dispostos a pagar uma taxa para diminuir ou desaparecer com a poluição do ar existente e que os atingem, alegando sobretudo, fatores econômicos. Os pesquisados alertam que, a ETE Goiânia II e a Unilever precisam fazer um tratamento melhor do esgoto coletivo e apliquem em políticas ambientais.

Τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, υπό το πρίσμα της βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης, παρατηρείται μια στροφή προς τις Ανανεώσιμες Πηγές Ενέργειας (ΑΠΕ) και ταυτόχρονη μείωση της χρήσης συμβατικών καυσίμων, ως διέξοδο στην αντιμετώπιση των περιβαλλοντικών προβλημάτων όπως της κλιματικής αλλαγής. Η αποτίμηση, σε νομισματικούς όρους, της διείσδυσης των ΑΠΕ στο ενεργειακό μίγμα, πραγματοποιείται μέσα από τεχνικές μη αγοραίας εκτίμησης. Ο κύριος σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η αποτύπωση σε νομισματικές μονάδες, της προθυμίας πληρωμής των νοικοκυριών για καταβολή επιπρόσθετου χρηματικού ποσού για την υλοποίηση επενδύσεων με σκοπό την παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας από ΑΠΕ. Ιδιαίτερα, είναι η εξέταση της συσχέτισης των κοινωνικοοικονομικών χαρακτηριστικών, της ενεργειακής συμπεριφοράς και της κοινωνικής αποδοχής της τοπικής κοινωνίας για έργα εκμετάλλευσης ΑΠΕ, με την επιθυμία οικονομικής συνεισφοράς για την παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας προερχόμενης από ΑΠΕ αλλά και με την πραγματική καταβολή χρηματικού ποσού στο δίμηνο λογαριασμό της ΔΕΗ, μέσα από τεχνικές μη αγοραίας εκτίμησης. Η ενεργειακή συμπεριφορά και η προθυμία πληρωμής, εξετάζεται με τη μέθοδο της υποθετικής ή εξαρτημένης αξιολόγησης που εφαρμόζεται στη παρούσα διατριβή εκτιμώντας σε ένα υποθετικό σενάριο, με χρήση ερωτηματολογίου, εκφρασμένες προτιμήσεις του κοινού, ποσοτικοποιώντας ουσιαστικά μη νομισματικές αξίες. Το δειγματοληπτικό πλαίσιο περιορίστηκε στο νομό Αιτωλοακαρνανίας. Η τελική επιλογή των νοικοκυριών έγινε με μίξη δειγματοληψίας ευκολίας και δειγματοληψίας χιονοστιβάδας. Από τον Ιανουάριο έως τον Απρίλιο 2012, διανεμήθηκαν ερωτηματολόγια σε 280 νοικοκυριά εκ των οποίων επεστράφησαν συμπληρωμένα 201. Από την ανάλυση προκύπτει ότι είναι περισσότερο ενημερωμένοι για την ηλιακή ενέργεια και έπονται η αιολική, η βιομάζα και η υδροηλεκτρική. Επίσης, εκφράζουν θετική άποψη στο ενδεχόμενο υλοποίησης έργων εκμετάλλευσης ΑΠΕ και πιστεύουν ότι μελλοντικά θα καταλαμβάνουν μεγάλο μερίδιο στο ενεργειακό μίγμα. Το κόστος κατανάλωσης ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας για τα νοικοκυριά, υπολογίζεται περίπου στα 301-400 ευρώ ανά δίμηνο λογαριασμό της ΔΕΗ. Οι λιγότεροι από τους μισούς ερωτηθέντες είναι διατεθειμένοι να δώσουν έως 10 ευρώ επιπρόσθετα, για χρήση ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας από ΑΠΕ ενώ, υψηλό ποσοστό ερωτηθέντων εμφανίζεται μη διατεθειμένο να πληρώσει επιπρόσθετα λόγω έλλειψης χρημάτων. Παράλληλα, μια μερίδα είναι διατεθειμένη να προχωρήσει σε μείωση των εξόδων της κυρίως στο τομέα της ψυχαγωγίας, ώστε να εξοικονομήσει χρήματα για να επωμιστεί το επιπρόσθετο κόστος. Εξήχθησαν κύριες συνιστώσες από ομοειδείς ομάδες μεταβλητών όπως η ενημέρωση του κοινού για τις επιμέρους μορφές ΑΠΕ, ο μελλοντικός ρόλος των διαφόρων μορφών στο ενεργειακό μίγμα, οι συνέπειες επενδύσεων με χρήση ΑΠΕ, τα ενδεχόμενα εμπόδια κατά την υλοποίηση, τα μέτρα επίλυσης τους. Από την ανάλυση συστάδων διαπιστώνεται ότι το κοινό ομαδοποιείται σε δύο συστάδες. Το δείγμα που ανήκει στη πρώτη συστάδα είναι μεγαλύτερης ηλικίας, όχι τόσο μορφωμένο και οικονομικά ασθενέστερο. Το δείγμα της δεύτερης συστάδας είναι νεαρής ηλικίας, πιο μορφωμένο και οικονομικά πιο ισχυρό. Μετά από πολλαπλή παλινδρόμηση η συμμετοχή σε συστάδα δεν αποτέλεσε στατιστικά σημαντική μεταβλητή. Το μοντέλο παλινδρόμησης της προθυμίας πληρωμής έδειξε ότι παράμετροι όπως της ηλικίας, του αριθμού των μελών της οικογένειας και της κύριας συνιστώσας που αφορά στην ενημέρωση του κοινού ως προς τις επιμέρους μορφές ενέργειας ήταν σημαντικές. Παρατηρείται ότι όσο αυξάνεται ο αριθμός των μελών της οικογένειας, η ηλικία καθώς και η ενημέρωσή σε συγκεκριμένες μορφές ΑΠΕ, τόσο μεγαλύτερη είναι η κατά μέσο όρο καταβολή χρηματικού ποσού στο δίμηνο λογαριασμό της ΔΕΗ και τόσο αυξάνεται και η προθυμία τους για πληρωμή επιπρόσθετου ποσού για παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας που βασίζεται σε ΑΠΕ. Επιπρόσθετα, όσο αφορά στο κατά μέσο όρο εισόδημα των νοικοκυριών έχει μικρή θετική επίδραση ως προς τη πληρωμή του λογαριασμού της ΔΕΗ και πολύ αρνητική ως προς την προθυμία επιπρόσθετου χρηματικού ποσού. Τέλος, η συμμετοχή σε περιβαλλοντικές δράσεις εμφανίζει μικρή θετική επίδραση για πληρωμή στο λογαριασμό της ΔΕΗ αλλά αρνητική στη προθυμία πληρωμής. Το κοινό υποστηρίζει πως η ύπαρξη επενδύσεων ΑΠΕ θα έχει σε γενικές γραμμές, θετικές συνέπειες στην ευρύτερη περιοχή και πως η τοπική κοινωνία θα έχει θετική στάση αν ξεπεραστούν τα εμπόδια και ληφθούν συγκεκριμένα μέτρα όπως οικονομικά κίνητρα. Τα αποτελέσματα των μοντέλων πολλαπλής παλινδρόμησης συγκρίθηκαν και με ανάλυση κανονικοποιημένης συσχέτισης. Για περαιτέρω διερεύνηση προτείνεται η εξέταση άλλων υποθετικών σεναρίων και άλλων μορφών πληρωμής. / In the last decades, under the spectrum of sustainable development, a turn to the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is observed and parallel reduction of the use of conventional fuels, as a way out to the confrontation of environmental problems such as climate change. The evaluation, in economic terms, of the penetration of RES in the energy mix, is realized through techniques of non market valuation. The main purpose of the present research is the evaluation in economic units of households Willingness to Pay (WTP) to deposit an additional amount of money to make investments in order to produce electric power from RES. Especially, it is the examination of correlation of socioeconomics characteristics, energy behavior and social acceptance of the local community for projects using renewable energy, with the willingness of economic contribution for the electricity production deriving from RES but also with the real deposit amount of money to a bi-monthly electricity bill, through techniques of non market valuation. The energy behavior and the WTP are examined by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) which is applied in the present, appreciating a hypothetical scenario, with the use of a questionnaire, expressed preferences of the public, giving quantity essentially to non market values. The target framework is limited in the Aitoloakarnania County. The final choice of the households was made by a mix of convenience sampling and snowball sampling. From January until April 2012, were distributed questionnaires to 280 households from which 201 were returned completed. From the analysis is inferred that it is more informative about the solar energy and wind, biomass and hydroelectric follow. It is also expressed positive view in case of making projects of exploitation RES and believed that in the future they will occupy a great share in the energy mix. The cost of consumption of electric power for households is estimated about €301-400 per a bi-monthly electricity bill. Fewer than half of the respondents are available to pay €10 more, for the electric power from RES, whereas a high percentage appears not to be available to pay more because of lack of money. At the same time, a group of consumers is available to have a reduction in the expenses in the sector of entertainment in order to save money for facing the additional cost. Principal components from identical groups have been extracted such as the awareness of the public about the partial forms of RES, the future role of the different forms in the energy mix, the consequences of investments by using RES, the following obstacles during the implementation and the measures of solving them. Cluster analysis identified that the public is grouped in two clusters. The sample which belongs to the first cluster is of older age, not so educated and economically weaker. The sample of the second cluster is of a younger age, more educated and financially more powerful. It is noted that after a multiple regression analysis, the participation in cluster did not constitute statistically important variable. The model of regression of WTP showed that parameters such as age, family members and the principal component which concerns the public awareness as concerning the partial forms of energy were important. It is obvious that as the number of family members is increasing, the age as well as the awareness in specific forms of RES, so grater is the average deposit of the amount of money in the bi-monthly electricity bill and the WTP is increasing in order to pay the additional amount for the production of electric power which is based on RES. In additional, the average income of the households has a small positive influence in regard with the payment of the electricity bill and very negative as concerning the willingness of additional amount of money. The public supports that the existence of RES investments will have generally positive consequences in the broad area that the local society will have positive stance if some obstacles are overcome and take certain measures such as financial motives. Finally, the results of multiple regression models were compared with the canonical correlation analysis. For further research is proposed the examination of other hypothetical scenarios and of other forms of payment.

雖然濕地是一種具有生態、經濟與景觀價值的富地資源，但由於這些價值通常具有「有行無市」的特質,因而在市場價格的論斤秤兩過程中，許多重要的濕地便成為市場價格運作下的犧牲品。為了改善此種有行無市的市場失靈現象，本研究利用可獲得使用價值與非使用價值的條件評價法(CVM)分析台北市與台南縣居民對不同濕地保育方案所賦予的價值，並利用有母數與無母數統計方法檢測此種方法可能產生的相關課題，特別是數量變異問題的檢測。本研究主要特色係納入「態度--行為」評價歷程、透過濕地意像分析掌握評價意涵與供給不確定性因素的考量，除此之外，並使用七種不同問卷結構的實驗設計檢測條件評價法的相關課題。 應用分析檢測結果顯示，台北市受訪者願付數額顯著高於台南縣，願付數額的理由不論是台北市或台南縣受訪者「非使用價值動機」皆顯著高於「使用價值動機」，而且發現保育範圍愈大的方案主觀供給機率愈小的現象。相關課題檢測結果顯示， 55公頃關渡濕地保育範圍的維護方案與8135公頃五大濕地保育範圍的維護方案受訪者最大願付數額(WTP)無顯著差異(數量變異問題)、單一濕地維護方案加上四大濕地維護方案之願付數額顯著高於五大濕地維題方案(加總問題)、「濕地信託基金」支付工具評價結果顯著高於「額外稅賦」(支付工具偏誤問題)。如果排除研究程序上的問題，此結果隱含條件評價法仍未能完全滿足數量變異的原則，就本研究實證分析探討，條件評價法未能滿足數量變異原則，供給不確定性是一項重要因素，因此條件評價法課題的改善，供給不確定效果的改善或許是一個可考量的方向。 由於條件評價法仍未能獲得可信的評價結果，而且此方法所獲得的評價結果僅是行為傾向而非賞際行為的結果，因而以條件評價法所獲得評價結果從事濕地政策的應用，在現階段仍不是一個十分恰當的做法。然而，此現象並不縮減條件評價法的重要性，因為現今仍未有比條件評價法更好的研究方法可獲得非使用價值，因此條件評價法的改善、其他評價研究方法或整合條件評價法與其他研究方法等研究發展，或許是評價研究可發展的方向。 / The major object of this study is to applyy the contingent valuation method(CVM),based on the willingness to pay(WTP)concept,to analyze the valuation of different wetland conservation projects among residents in Taipei city and Tainan prefecture. Furthermore,this study uses a set of seven surveys to test the issuess of CVM measurement of wetland conservation total values with parametric and nonparametric tests.In addition,this study incorporates the valuation process basedd on attitude-behavior studies,the images of the wetland and supply uncertainties to debate aboutthese issues． Empirical results indicate that Taipei respondents show significant higher valuation than their counterparts in Tainan,that nonuse value motives are greater than use value motives,and that the greater conservation projects have less subjective supply probabilities.Furthermore,this study finds that the magnitude variation principle does not exist in the CVM process while the aggregation problem and the payment vehicle bias exist.This study considers the supply uncertainty is one important cause of rejecting magnitude variation hypotheses．Future research should consider how to improve the supply uncertainty effect． Because the current CVM fails to achieve reliable results,and the CVM results are behavioral intention,which is different from actual behavior， thus it restricts the wetland policy pplication.However， this situation does not diminish the importance of wetland conservation valuation with the CVM,since no other methods can achieve the measurement of nonuse values． Therefore,how to improve the reliability and validity of CVM，how to integrate CVM and other methods or other valuation approaches may be one imnportant direction for future valuation research.