No description available.

Repairs and modifications were made to a flow velocity measurement system designed to measure a planar area of unsteady three component velocities in a single realization using a velocity measurement technique referred to as Doppler Global Velocimetry (DGV). Several hardware components in the system were modified and new hardware was added. Significant improvements were made to the procedures used in acquiring DGV data as well as the procedures used in reducing the acquired DGV data. Though hardware problems were encountered, successful iodine cell calibrations were acquired and attempts were made to acquire DGV velocity data from a calibration wheel and in the wake of a 6:1 prolate spheroid. These attempts were hampered by poor performance of the Nd:YAG laser and one of the digital cameras used in this research. While the magnitudes of the velocities acquired from the calibration wheel were noticeably higher than those calculated from the angular velocity and large fluctuations were present in these reduced velocities, the general trends measured by the VT DGV system matched those calculated from the angular velocity. The attempt to acquire flow field data in the wake of a 6:1 prolate spheroid model was unsuccessful due to insufficient seed particle density in the area where data were to be obtained. The results of this research indicate that while significant improvements have been made to the system, there are still some significant problems to overcome. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Bernardete Maciel Correia.pdf: 682331 bytes, checksum: 39f661a88e5cded33f385ce3d764a156 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-12 / This research has as a goal, to reflect about the effectes of the volunteer demission program (PDV), of PUC/SP, concerning the old age workers of PUC/SP.That way in a perspective of argumenting this historical process, since its origin, till the present aspect of the universitarian administration of PUC/SP; therefore we carried into effect the research, having as participant the old age Workers, Who accepted to take part of that agreement (PDV), and that could contribute with a great deal of new suggestions to the use of instruments in search of basic facts, and also of interviews accomplished with trade unions entities, by representative of the workers and professors of PUC/SP. This process has made it possible the characterization of the verious emotions experimented by those who have been interviewed, as well as the identification of the means utilized to implement PDV, traced by the new relations of the institutional power present in the university, which has been the cause of significant alterations concerning democratic principles and participative values, historically constructed. The reinventions of these principles undermined the structure of the institutional relations stimulating the fear, the distrust and competition among the workers, giving rise to a new conception of universitarian administration. It is important to emphasize, yet, that all those social actors involved in the elaboration of this work are full of political will, in order to, together with the university, to construct new paragons, based on dialogue, solidarity, and, over all, by a new ethics / Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo refletir sobre os efeitos do Programa de Demissão Voluntária - PDV da PUC/SP nos trabalhadores idosos da referida Instituição, numa perspectiva de contextualizar os processos históricos desde seu nascedouro até a atual configuração da gestão universitária da PUC/SP. Para tanto, realizamos a pesquisa participante com os trabalhadores idosos que aderiram ao PDV, que puderam contribuir com novas sugestões para aplicabilidade dos instrumentais da coleta de dados, além das entrevistas realizadas com as entidades sindicais representantes dos funcionários e dos professores da Universidade. Esse processo possibilitou caracterizar os diversos sentimentos vivenciados pelos entrevistados, bem como a identificar as formas utilizadas na implantação do PDV, delineadas pelas novas relações institucionais de Poder presentes na Universidade, as quais desencadearam alterações significativas no que diz respeito aos princípios e valores democráticos e participativos construídos historicamente. As reinvenções desses princípios promoveram uma desestrutura das relações institucionais estimulando o medo, a desconfiança e a competição entre os trabalhadores, o que gerou uma nova concepção em gestão universitária. É relevante salientar, ainda, que todos os atores sociais envolvidos no desenvolvimento deste trabalho estão imbuídos de vontade política para juntos com a Universidade construir novos paradigmas balizados no diálogo, na solidariedade e, acima de tudo, em uma nova ética

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The effect of level of forage intake on blood flow and oxygen consumption (Experiment 1), and mesenteric infusion of ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), L-alanine or L-arginine on oxygen consumption and net flux of metabolites (Experiment 2) through the splanchnic (portal-drained viscera [PDV] plus liver (ST)) tissues were evaluated in sheep surgically implanted with chronic indwelling catheters into the mesenteric, portal and hepatic veins. In both experiments, blood flow was estimated by downstream dilution of p-aminohippurate. In experiment 1, three adult male Polwarth wethers (42±4.4 kg body weight (BW)), housed in metabolism cages and offered Tifton (Cynodon sp.) hay were used in a 3 x 3 Latin Square design. Treatments consisted of hay allowances of 7, 14 or 21 g dry matter (DM)/kg BW/day, offered in four equal daily meals, every 6 h. Blood flow across PDV was linearly (P<0.05) related to OM intake, whereas the hepatic-arterial and total ST blood flow were no affected. Oxygen expenditure by PDV was directly (P<0.05) related to OM intake, while oxygen consumption by the liver was not affected. Oxygen expenditure was linearly (P<0.05) related to blood flow across tissues for PDV, liver and total ST. The proportion of metabolizable energy (ME) intake spent as heat by PDV and total ST reduced when ME intake increased. In addition, this reduction occurred in a curvilinear manner as the difference between PDV and ST heat production reduced at increased ME intake. In experiment 2, four multicatheterized Polwarth wethers (40 ± 3.8 kg BW) fed 14 g DM of oat (Avena sativa) plus ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) hay/kg BW/day of Tifton hay were used in a 4 x 4 Latin Square design. Treatments were mesenteric vein infusion of 500 μL/min of saline solution (control) or a solution containing NH4HCO3, L-alanine or L-arginine. The net flux of glucose and urea through PDV and ST were not affected by treatments. Portal appearance and liver removal of N-NH3 were higher (P<0.05) with the NH4HCO3 infusion. The PDV and ST net flux of oxygen were not affected by treatments, whereas the hepatic oxygen consumption was higher in control treatment (P<0.05). The hypothesis that ureagenesis and/or gluconeogenesis increases hepatic energy spenditure was not observed in the present study. Methodological aspects are included in results discussion. / Foi avaliado o efeito do nível de consumo de forragem sobre o fluxo de sangue e utilização de O2 (Experimento 1), e da infusão mesentérica de bicarbonato de amônio (NH4HCO3), L-alanina ou L-arginina (Experimento 2) sobre a utilização de O2 e fluxo de metabólitos pelo sistema visceral (tecidos drenados pela veia porta (TDVP) e o fígado) em ovinos implantados cirurgicamente com catéteres permanentes nas veias mesentérica, porta e hepática. Em ambos experimentos o fluxo de sangue foi estimado pela técnica de diluição de p-aminohipurato. No experimento 1, três ovinos machos da raça Polwarth (42±4.4 kg de peso corporal (PC), alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo e alimentados com feno de Tifton (Cynodon sp.) foram utilizados em um delineamento Quadrado Latino 3 x 3. O feno foi oferecido nas quantidades de 7, 14 ou 21 g matéria seca (MS)/dia/kg de PC em quatro porções diárias iguais, a cada 6 h. O fluxo de sangue nos TDVP aumentou linearmente (P<0,05), mas o fluxo de sangue hepático-arterial e visceral total não foram afetados pelo aumento no consumo de forragem. O gasto de O2 pelos TDVP foi positivamente (P<0,05) relacionado com o consumo de matéria orgânica (MO). O gasto de O2 relacionou-se linearmente com o fluxo de sangue (P<0,05) nos TDVP, fígado e sistema visceral. A proporção de energia metabolizável (EM) consumida gasta como calor pelos TDVP e fígado diminuiu com o aumento no consumo de EM de forma curvilinear, sendo que a diferença entre a produção de calor visceral e dos TDVP reduziu com o aumento no consumo de EM. No experimento 2, quatro ovinos Corriedale (40 ± 3.8 kg PC), implantados com catéteres permanentes nas veias mesentérica, porta e hepática, alimentados com 14 g MS de feno de aveia (Avena sativa) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam)/dia/kg de PC, foram utilizados em um delineamento Quadrado Latino 4 x 4. Os tratamentos consistiram da infusão na veia mesentérica de 500 μL/min de solução salina (controle) ou de uma solução contendo NH4HCO3, L-alanina ou L-arginina. Os fluxos portal e visceral total líquido de glicose e N-uréia não foram afetados significativamente pelos tratamentos. O fluxo de O2 pelos TDVP não diferiu entre tratamentos. Contudo, houve maior (P<0,05) gasto de O2 pelo fígado no tratamento controle. A hipótese de que a ureagênese e/ou a neoglicogênese impactam o gasto de energia pelo fígado não foi comprovada no presente estudo. Aspectos metodológicos são considerados na discussão destes resultados.

Syftet med studien var att studera polisens övning POLKON HT2020 och hur övningen kunde förstås utifrån den kunskap som finns om pågående dödligt våld. Vidare syftade studien till att ta reda på hur kunskapen och analysen av övningen kunde användas för att planera framtida övningar. Materialet som användes i studien bestod av polisens material från övningen POLKON HT2020 som genomfördes hösten 2020 i Jönköping. Syftet med övningen var att poliserna skulle öva på att möta och bekämpa pågående dödligt våld. Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Innehållsanalysen kopplades sedan samman med kriminologisk forskning samt rutinaktivitetsteorin och kognitiva psykologiska teorier. Resultatet visade att de moment som genomfördes i övningen i stor utsträckning överensstämde med den kunskap som finns om pågående dödligt våld. Framtida övningar bör bygga på kunskap om brottstypen för att på samma sätt förbereda poliserna på skarpt läge. / The purpose of this study was to analyze the POLKON HT2020 drill and how its content can be utilised in comparison to the knowledge available about active shooter situations. Additionally, the study aimed at investigating how this knowledge and the analysis of the drill could be used in planning future police drills. The material used in the study consisted of the police´s written material about the POLKON HT2020 drill, which was done during fall 2020 in Jönköping. The purpose of the drill was to prepare the officers to handle an active shooter situation. The material in the study was examined by qualitative content analysis. The result of the content analysis was put in relation to criminological research, routine activity theory and cognitive psychological theories. The results showed that the drill to a large extent corresponds with currently available knowledge about active shooter situations. According to the conclusion of this study, future drills should be planned using criminological research and theory in order to guarantee the same knowledge as the POLKON HT2020 for future officers involved.

No description available.

Au passage d’un choc sur la surface rugueuse d’un métal, un nuage de débris micrométriques est éjecté. Sa signature spectrale temps-vitesse est mesurée au moyen d’un système optique interférométrique : la Vélocimétrie Hétérodyne (VH).Dans un régime de diffusion simple de la lumière, une étude paramétrique a mis en évidence l’influence des paramètres clés du nuage sur sa réponse Doppler. Nous avons estimé, par Maximum de Vraisemblance, la courbe masse-vitesse d’un nuage d’étain et l’incertitude associée. L’allure de la mesure a également été étudiée en incorporant aux calculs le rendement optique de la sonde.Nous présentons une méthode de calcul Monte Carlo, rendant compte des effets de diffusion multiple. Appliquée à trois expériences d’éjection d’or et d’étain, la présence de vitesses non physiques sur la mesure VH, liée aux diffusions multiples nuage-surface-nuage, a été soulignée, et les décroissances progressives de la visibilité en vitesse et de la puissance rétrodiffusée justifiées. Quelle que soit la masse éjectée, la diffusion multiple doit être intégrée aux calculs, un régime de diffusion simple n’étant valable qu’asymptotiquement, dans les limites d’un temps infini et/ou d’un faisceau sonde de dimension réduite par rapport aux libres parcours moyen de diffusion. / As a shockwave reaches a roughened metal’s surface, high-speed micron-sized particles are ejected. The spectral signature of the cloud can be measured using a fiber-based interferometric setup, so-called Photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV).In the single scattering regime, we study how the parametric dependencies of the cloud influence its Doppler response. Using a Maximum Likelihood technique, we estimate the mass-velocity function of ejected material, and its uncertainty. The time-dependent statistical properties of the spectrum, coming from the complex optical collection efficiency of the probe, are also explained.We present a Monte Carlo method to incorporate multiple scattering. Three different ejecta experiments are studied and the presence of non-physical velocities attributed to multiple scattering between surface and ejecta. Cloud’s visibility and backscattered power decrease with time due to the existence of different scattering regimes. Whatever the ejected mass, multiple scattering effects have to be integrated in PDV calculations. A single scattering will only be asymptotically valid, when time reaches infinity and/or the beam diameter is negligible with respect to the scattering mean free paths.

This disertation presents optimization algorithm with probability direction vector. This algorithm, in its basic form, belongs to category of stochastic optimization algorithms. It uses statistically effected perturbation of individual through state space. This work also represents modification of basic idea to the form of swarm optimization algoritm. This approach contains form of stochastic cooperation. This is one of the new ideas of this algorithm. Population of individuals cooperates only through modification of probability direction vector and not directly. Statistical tests are used to compare resultes of designed algorithms with commonly used algorithms Simulated Annealing and SOMA. This part of disertation also presents experimental data from other optimization problems. Disertation ends with chapter which seeks optimal set of control variables for each designed algorithm.

No description available.

The recovering harbor seal population along the Swedish west coast has coincided with declining cod stocks. Although the cod stocks were primarily depleted by intense fisheries, some stakeholders argue that reduced seal populations could have direct, positive effects on the cod stocks. The outbreaks of Phocine distemper virus (PDV) in 1988 and 2002 when up to 66% of the harbor seals along the Swedish west coast died, could be viewed as natural experiments allowing for assessment of any positive impacts of reduced mortality from seal predation on cod abundance. I quantified removal from seal predation and fishery landings and analyzed correlations to cod abundance of different length classes. Analyses were conducted for a longer time- series, 1979-2019, reaching back to when removal from fisheries was substantially larger than that from seal consumption. I also analyzed the data with a more recent perspective, 2003-2019, starting after the later PDV outbreak when seal predation relative landing sizes has increased. During this period, fishery discard data is available and included in the models. Methods include graphical presentation, multiple linear regression analyses, and to expand the existing data on seal diet, I collected diet samples of harbor seal feces from two haul-outs in Skagerrak. No statistically significant, negative correlations between seal predation and cod abundance were found in any data set, hence, I cannot support the idea of harbor seals having an impact on cod abundance. Also, the significant correlations between cod abundance and landings were all positive. I argue that culling of seals cannot be motivated as a strategy to help cod recover, as this would jeopardize the persistence of the seal population rather than assuring cod stability.