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Ovlivnění spasticity selektivní dorzální rhizotomií u pacientů s dětskou mozkovou obrnou / Influencing of spasticity by means of selective dorsal rhizotomy in patients infantile paralysisPrajerová, Hana January 2007 (has links)
A neurosurgical method of the selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) is used for a treatment of spasticity. The aim of this study is to evaluate an effect of the SPR on the reduction of the spasticity and on functional abilities of patients with cerebral palsy. Five patients (four males and a female) aged from 12 to 21 years with a spastic quadruplegia were tested by an Ashworth scale, modified Ashworth scale, Peacock scale and Barthel index of ADL. An initial assessment was preformed one day before the SPR. First assessment of changes was conducted one week after the SPR. An repeated follow-up assessment was done three to four years after the SPR procedure. In one week after SPR assessment a reduction of spasticity of lower and upper limb muscles and reduction of clonus were seen. A last three-year assessment detected some return of spasticity on hip adductors, plantar and dorsal flexors muscles. However, the return of the hypertonus did not reach initial values of spasticity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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雲南西雙版納傣族潑水節文化意涵之研究 / The Cultural Significance of the Water Splashing Festival of teh Dai Ethnic Minority in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province林慧娟, Lin, Hui-Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
本文的意圖並不在於探討西雙版納傣族潑水節狂歡的景象,而是將焦點放在傣族潑水節與水文化的關係上。“水”是西雙版納傣族的精神標誌,所以了解傣族文化之前,就必須先認識水文化,然後再來研究傣族潑水節的形成,以及潑水節從過去到現在的轉變,甚麼才是潑水節真正的文化意涵?
因此,本論文從西雙版納傣族潑水節文化意涵之研究著手, 探討水與傣族文化之間的關聯,與其在當代的存在價值, 這將是本論文研究的方向.
本文所包括的基本內容有:
第一章 人文與自然環境: 對傣族的歷史與天然環境、生活型態、宗教信仰和風俗 習慣等方面的特徵進行探討。
第二章 潑水節的探索: 結合筆者及國內外學者的研究成果和大量的相關歷史文獻資料,探討傣族的水文化和潑水節的形成,所反映出來的標識和風格特 徵,將在此章做說明
第三章 文化現象和定位: 此章介紹傣曆新年、文化現象的轉換和禁忌。 釐清大眾對西雙版納傣族潑水節的錯誤認知,並且訪談多位對傣文化相關研究的傑出專家學者、及2007年潑水節主辦單位,進行調查實錄及訪談。探討水文化和潑水節之間的因果關係、及節日中舉辦的各種活動之文化意涵進行探討。
第四章 潑水節的分析: 本章針對潑水節的內在以及外在意涵作分析。內在意涵包 括地方風俗、民族宗教和社會功能等方面;外在意涵則包括潑水節的特色、文化保護和傳承、以及其在當代的價值分別做微觀與宏觀的系統分析。
結論: 透過本文研究的發現並建議未來的研究方向 / This study doesn’t attempt to discuss the boisterous atmosphere of the Dai’s Water Splashing Festival(W.S.F.) in Xishangbanna(XSBN), but focuses on the relationship with the W.S.F and the water culture. Water is the spiritual symbol of the Dai people in XSBN. So before understanding the Dai’s culture, we must first recognize the influence of water culture on the Dai ethnic minority. Then we will examine the transformation of the W.S.F. from past to present, what is the real significance of the W.S.F.? And finally how does the W.S.F. reflect the external influence on the contemporary values?
According to this study, it will be divided into 5 parts to discuss:
1. Humanity and the natural environment: The first chapter describes Dai’s history and geography, introduces the Dai’s lifestyle, and shows the Dai’s religious beliefs and customs.
2. Exploring the Dai Water Splashing Festival: The Dai’s water culture, and the formation of the W.S.F. will be explained in the second chapter.
3. Cultural phenomenon and orientation: It introduces the Dai New Year, and the transformation of culture phenomenon and taboos.
4. Analysis of the Water Splashing Festival: The fourth chapter analysis and interpretation the internal significance of the W.S.F, including the local folkway, ethnic religion, and social function. And it also shows the external significance of the W.S.F, including the special characteristics, protection and fostering of tradition culture, and its contemporary values.
5. Conclusion: The final conclusion combines with the above chapters to summarize the study of W.S.F.
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COLOR PRODUCTION MECHANISMS IN SPIDERS AND THEIR BIOMIMICRY POTENTIALHsiung, Bor-Kai January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Diversity of the bacterial community and secondary sexual characters in the peacock / Diversité de la communauté bactérienne et caractères sexuels secondaires chez le paonAl-Murayati, Haider 28 April 2017 (has links)
Les plumes d'oiseaux abritent de nombreux microorganismes qui pourraient être acquis dans l'environnement, ces microorganismes pouvant exercer une sélection intense sur leurs hôtes en réduisant leur fécondité et leur survie. Plusieurs taxons bactériens qui vivent sur des plumes ont la capacité de dégrader la kératine des plumes et causent des dommages à leur structure et peuvent modifier aussi leur coloration. Les oiseaux utilisent des signaux visuels tels que des couleurs vives ou des ornementations exagérées pour la communication socio-sexuelle ainsi que la reconnaissance des espèces. Seuls les individus en bonne santé sont capables de produire des caractères sexuels secondaires exagérés et restent résistants aux parasites débilitants. Le paon (Pavo cristatus) est une espèce polygame qui a plusieurs décorations exagérées, les caractères sexuels secondaires les plus remarquables du paon sont leur traîne décorée avec des ocelles magnifiques qui contiennent trois couleurs irisées différentes. Grâce à une technique basée sur la culture, j'ai isolé la communauté bactérienne des plumes de différentes parties colorées des ocelles de la traîne du paon. L'étude révèle qu'il y a eu une répartition hétérogène des bactéries parmi les différentes parties colorées des ocelles. L'abondance et la prévalence des taxa bactériens spécifiques étaient liées au degré de dégradation des plumes, à l'expression de différents caractères sexuels secondaires, à des changements dans la coloration des ocelles et à l'augmentation de la croissance quotidienne des plumes. En outre, nous avons constaté un petit effet de l'expression de caractères sexuels secondaires sur la proportion sexuelle des couvées avec un biais en faveur des individus masculins. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse fournissent des preuves que les ocelles de plumes peuvent être considérés comme un signal fiable de la diversité et de l'abondance de bactéries chez le paon. En conséquence, ils représentent une indication pour la qualité individuelle, ce qui permet aux femelles de choisir des mâles avec une communauté bactérienne spécifique. / Bird feathers harbour numerous microorganisms that could be acquired from the surrounding environment, these microorganisms may exert intense selection on their hosts by reducing fecundity and survivorship. Several bacterial taxa that live on feathers have the ability to degrade feather keratin and cause damage to feather structure and may alter the feather colouration. Birds use visual signals such as bright colours or exaggerated ornamentation for socio-sexual communication as well as species recognition. Only healthy individuals are able to produce exaggerated secondary sexual characters and still remain resistant to debilitating parasites. Peacocks (Pavo cristatus) is a polygamous species that have different exaggerated ornamentation, the most notable secondary sexual characters of the peacock are their long-decorated trains that comprise the magnificent ocelli which contain three different iridescent colours. Through a culture based technique we isolate feather bacterial community from differently coloured parts of the ocelli of the peacock’s train. The study reveals that there was a heterogeneous distribution of bacteria among the differently coloured parts of ocelli. The abundance and prevalence of specific bacterial taxa was related to the degree of feather degradation, expression of different secondary sexual character, changes in ocelli colouration and daily growth increment. Furthermore, we found a small effect of the expression of secondary sexual characters on biasing of brood sex ratio towards production of more sons than daughters. The work presented in this thesis provide evidence that feather ocelli may consider as a reliable signal of the diversity and the abundance of bacteria in peacock and in consequence indication for the individual quality and that allowing the choosy females to pick males with a specific bacterial community.
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