Peer assessment has been adopted as a means of fair and equitable measurement of individual contributions to group work (Cheng and Warren, 2000; Conway and Kember, 1993; Gatfield, 1999; Goldfinch and Raeside, 1990; Lejk and Wyvill, 2001; Lejk, Wyvill, and Farrow, 1996) and it usually requires a certain mechanism or formula to quantify peer assessment criteria. The problem, however, is that it leads to circumstances where a student can be strategic and be easily able to obtain a higher score by simply giving lower scores to other members within a group. The need is to find a new mechanism and the purpose of this study is to develop an Online Database-Driven Peer Assessment Tool (ODDPAT) using the Division Rule mechanism as its core computational algorithm. This developmental study used modified Collaborative Create-Adapt-Generalize (CAG) model (Hicks, Potter, Snider, and Holmes, 2004) as its design and developmental framework. The process of design, development, and evaluation of the entire project was documented. Three experts were interviewed and detailed analysis of data was discussed. Finally, recommendations were made for its implementation and future research. / Ph. D.

In recent years, E-learning has become more and more popular, and reflection is one of the most important factors that affect learning. Therefore, the issue on how to motivate learners to reflect on web-based learning is worth discussing. Our study use high level prompts and peer assessment to investigate how these two factors influence learners¡¦ reflection level, reflection attitude, and reflection intention. 157 college students were asked to use the system designed in this research, and the experimental learning subject was biology. Fourteen learning situations are presented in this research according to the difference of high level prompts (giving/not giving prompts), peer assessment (no peer assessment, peer observation, and peer feedback), observation (high quality/low quality observation), feedback (positive/negative feedback). The learners were randomly assigned to one situation. The result showed that giving high level prompts and high quality observation can improve learners¡¦ reflection level. If a learner is only given high quality observation, though not given high level prompts, his reflection level is still equal to the one who is given high level prompts but not given high quality observation. The result also showed that if a learner receives positive feedback, his reflection attitude and reflection intention will be higher than the one who receives negative feedback.

Peer review is used as an effective quality assurance measure in many contexts, including science, business, programming or education. In education, several studies confirmed the positive effects of peer reviewing on student learning. Based on recent research concerning the role of media in the peer review process this study investigates how students perceive the process, content and effects of peer reviews. We also analyze students' opinions on different modes of peer reviewing activities, e.g. online vs. face-to-face reviewing. In the context of a computer science course on scientific writing, these research questions were addressed by administering an online questionnaire (n=38) and analysis using quantitative and qualitative methods. Results indicate that students value the peer review activity, take peer reviews seriously and provide comprehensive and constructive reviews. Findings also show that students prefer written online reviews with the possibility of oral follow-up questions to reviewers.

No description available.

The ability to receive regular peer feedback on learning should, in theory, be valuable to learners. A formative view will be presented in this study in which information is collected and used as feedback for student learning. This differs from summative practices where the purpose is to make judgments about the extent to which learning has taken place. This case study takes place in a first year master’s Occupational Therapy (OT) course where the focus is on the development of communication skills. These skills are developed through interviewing and assessment strategies. This case focuses on the feedback received by students from their peers based on the clinical interviews that were conducted. Peers in this study are members of the same learning team who have been divided into these groups for the purpose of learning together. Students in this course receive both written and oral peer feedback during peer assessment exercises. This feedback is formally reflected on by students as self-assessment. Although, both peer and self-assessments are used for formative purposes in this course, the primary focus of this study is on peer assessment. Six participants were recruited for this study. The data for this inquiry consisted of transcripts from six semi-structured interviews and a focus group as well as written artifacts from the course. The data analysis revealed three core themes related to both the peer assessment process and peer feedback. Motivation for Learning and Awareness of Growth or Development were identified as two key themes relating to student learning. The third theme identified was Factors that Impacted the Learning Experience which had to do with how students felt about having engaged in the peer assessment process. A unique finding regarding the latter theme centered around the time factor required to take on the roles, inherent in peer assessment activities. Students offered insights into the relationship between stress and motivation for learning when taking on peer assessment responsibilities. This study contributes to our understanding of the meaning and consequences of implementing peer assessment into the communication module of the OT course. Insights on the implications of this study to higher education in relation to peer assessment are also explored. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-12-29 00:11:03.187

This study examines how teachers view the use of peer assessment of pupils’ texts in grade 3. Six teachers were interviewed about how they work with peer assessment and the possibilities and challenges they see in using peer assessment in grade 3. The result showed that five of the teachers in the study worked with peer assessment by giving the pupils clear criteria for things they were supposed to respond to. The potential that the teachers saw in peer assessment was that pupils become aware of their own development and their learning. They also saw that the pupils’ social skills were positively affected by peer assessment. The greatest challenge the teachers saw lay in pairing the pupils together best as regards their zone of proximal development and ensuring that pupils developed through peer assessment. The conclusions of this study are that teachers need training in peer assessment so that they will feel comfortable using the method and be able to meet pupils’ development needs.

Mudanças aceleradas tanto na sociedade quanto na esfera contábil compelem uma necessidade de novas abordagens para a educação dos futuros profissionais da contabilidade. Desse modo, órgãos como o International Accounting Standards Board com o objetivo de promover maior qualidade à educação dos futuros profissionais desenvolveu padrões estabelecendo melhores práticas para a educação na área. Estudos apontam deficiências em relação às competências apresentadas pelos profissionais graduados por meio do ensino tradicional e as metodologias ativas de ensino se enquadram adequadamente como uma estratégia para auxiliar na solução do problema. Para isso, o trabalho buscou analisar a aplicação de metodologias ativas de ensino que trabalhassem o desenvolvimento de competências no curso de Ciências Contábeis. Por meio de uma amostra de 30 estudantes em um curso de graduação de uma universidade pública brasileira foram utilizadas a avaliação por pares e a autoavaliação em um ambiente virtual onde foram aplicados três ciclos de atividades. Ao final dos ciclos os estudantes participaram de um grupo focal com o propósito de fornecer evidências sobre as competências trabalhadas. Os resultados apontaram certa melhora no desempenho dos estudantes ao longo dos ciclos, assim como uma maior correlação entre as notas no terceiro ciclo. A percepção dos estudantes foi que tais métodos promovem o comportamento colaborativo principalmente por meio dos feedbacks, no entanto mostraram-se apreensivos quanto ao comportamento ético de seus colegas ao realizar as avaliações. Esses fatores indicam a utilidade dos métodos ao promover o desenvolvimento de competências exigidas do profissional do futuro / Accelerated changes in both, society and the accounting sphere, compel a need for new approaches to the education of future accounting professionals. In this way entities such as International Accounting Standards Board, with the objective of promoting higher quality education, have developed standards establishing best pratices for education in accounting. Studies indicate that the competences promoted by traditional learning methods do not supply market needs and active learning fit adequately as a possible solution to the problem. Therefore this paper analyzed the application of a strategy to develop competences in accountancy graduation course. The active learning methods used were peer and self assessment, for data analysis three cycles activities were applied enabling up to 90 observations. At the end of the cycles the students participated in a focus group with the purpose of providing evidence on the competences worked with the methods. The results showed an improvement in students\' performance along the activities, as well as a higher correlation between the grades in the third activity. The students\' perception was that such methods promote collaborative behavior mainly through feedback, but they were apprehensive about the ethical behavior of their colleagues when performing the evaluations. These factors indicate the usefulness of the methods in promoting the work of new competences and show the necessity of their application with greater continuity

Mudanças aceleradas tanto na sociedade quanto na esfera contábil compelem uma necessidade de novas abordagens para a educação dos futuros profissionais da contabilidade. Desse modo, órgãos como o International Accounting Standards Board com o objetivo de promover maior qualidade à educação dos futuros profissionais desenvolveu padrões estabelecendo melhores práticas para a educação na área. Estudos apontam deficiências em relação às competências apresentadas pelos profissionais graduados por meio do ensino tradicional e as metodologias ativas de ensino se enquadram adequadamente como uma estratégia para auxiliar na solução do problema. Para isso, o trabalho buscou analisar a aplicação de metodologias ativas de ensino que trabalhassem o desenvolvimento de competências no curso de Ciências Contábeis. Por meio de uma amostra de 30 estudantes em um curso de graduação de uma universidade pública brasileira foram utilizadas a avaliação por pares e a autoavaliação em um ambiente virtual onde foram aplicados três ciclos de atividades. Ao final dos ciclos os estudantes participaram de um grupo focal com o propósito de fornecer evidências sobre as competências trabalhadas. Os resultados apontaram certa melhora no desempenho dos estudantes ao longo dos ciclos, assim como uma maior correlação entre as notas no terceiro ciclo. A percepção dos estudantes foi que tais métodos promovem o comportamento colaborativo principalmente por meio dos feedbacks, no entanto mostraram-se apreensivos quanto ao comportamento ético de seus colegas ao realizar as avaliações. Esses fatores indicam a utilidade dos métodos ao promover o desenvolvimento de competências exigidas do profissional do futuro / Accelerated changes in both, society and the accounting sphere, compel a need for new approaches to the education of future accounting professionals. In this way entities such as International Accounting Standards Board, with the objective of promoting higher quality education, have developed standards establishing best pratices for education in accounting. Studies indicate that the competences promoted by traditional learning methods do not supply market needs and active learning fit adequately as a possible solution to the problem. Therefore this paper analyzed the application of a strategy to develop competences in accountancy graduation course. The active learning methods used were peer and self assessment, for data analysis three cycles activities were applied enabling up to 90 observations. At the end of the cycles the students participated in a focus group with the purpose of providing evidence on the competences worked with the methods. The results showed an improvement in students\' performance along the activities, as well as a higher correlation between the grades in the third activity. The students\' perception was that such methods promote collaborative behavior mainly through feedback, but they were apprehensive about the ethical behavior of their colleagues when performing the evaluations. These factors indicate the usefulness of the methods in promoting the work of new competences and show the necessity of their application with greater continuity

The purpose of this essay is to discover what Formative Assessment is used for in practice and also how teachers use the Curriculum for elementary school, preschool and after-school activity 2011 (Lgr 11) in their Formative Assessment work. The questions are as follows: What considerations do teachers take into account when assessing a student? How do teachers view assessment for learning? How do the teachers consider formative assessment works in relation to Lgr 11? I have used a qualitative research method to answer my questions. I have interviewed five teachers regarding their view on and experience with assessment. Using a hermeneutic approach I have tried to retrieve a deeper meaning from my interviewees regarding formative assessment. I have approached formative assessment using the socio-cultural perspective because I believe it to be the best fit. All of the informants believe formative assessment has made it easier to assess students and also that it works very well together with Lgr 11. A well done and effective formative assessment is always according to the teachers in the study based in the dialog and interaction with the student with-in the socio-cultural integration. The interaction between teacher and student is central to the success of his/her education. Through communication the teacher helps the student to understand abstract concepts and connect them to their earlier experiences. Especially during the earlier school years where the teachers seem to be more reluctant towards giving out a written grade.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22576号 / 情博第713号 / 新制||情||122(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉川 正俊, 教授 鹿島 久嗣, 教授 田島 敬史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM