The government has pooled its resources to promote lifelong learning, considering the fact that lifelong learning is not only a deciding factor in the era of knowledge economy but also the most efficient way in its cultivation of democracy among the general public. In the study, I defined the scope of lifelong learning as three categories: Master, Master-work-experience, and other correspondence courses like those offered by National Open University. The population of this study is all the official in Penghu County. 347 subjects were surveyed and analyzed using the software SPSS 10.0. The purpose of this study, besides exploring the motivation and various barriers for the official in Penghu under the current government lifelong learning policy, is to understand whether the existing learning channels meet the needs and live up to the expectations of official in their pursuit of lifelong learning. The results of the study are for the reference of our government in its making of lifelong learning policy and the creation of a better learning environment. The findings are as follows: 1.The learning motivations of official for in-service training, broadly speaking, are (in descending order): further pursuit of education or personal interest, advancement in the career, participation in social service, and development of interpersonal relationship. 2.As a whole, the barriers facing official in their pursuit of further study are classified, in descending order, into institutional factors, circumstantial factors, intentional factors, and informative factors. 3.The official who fail to complete their study are due to (in descending order) circumstantial factors, institutional factors, personal concerns, and teaching factors. 4.Basically, official from different backgrounds show significant differences in terms of their respective motivations, barriers they encounter, and reasons for the termination of study. And among the many factors affecting the willingness to study, the education level seems not to be significantly correlated. As for the termination of study, the three factors¢w¢wage, marital status, and family monthly income are not significantly correlated. Suggestions are provided for in-service official, government policymaking mechanism, extension education environment and resources providers, and further studies based the findings of the study.

Abstract During summer, May to September, of 2005, I examined nest-site selection and breeding ecology in a mixed-species colony of Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii), Bridled Terns (Sterna anaethetus) and Black-naped (Sterna sumatrana) Terns on the islet of Jishan, Penghu, Taiwan. The aims are to identify characteristic differences of nest sites within the habitats, and to compare nest-site preferences of early- and late-nesting Roseate Terns. Significant interspecific differrences in nesting sites were found: Roseate Terns nested in areas with short vegetation and with higher nesting densities, Bridled Terns nested on screes, and Black-naped Terns nested on flat rocky surface. Hatching success was not correlated with site variables in Roseate Terns. Site characteristics of early- and late-nesting Roseate Tern nests differed. Late-nesting terns used sites with taller vegetation, less of walls around nests, fewer neighbors within 1 m, more nests on the edge of the subcolony, and with more visibility from 2 m compared with early-nesting terns. Human picking-up the eggs and typhoon appeared to be the major mortality factor on Jishan Islet. Roseate Terns with metal bands and leg-flags have been observed in the area. The results demonstrate that Roseate Terns tend to have a fidelity to a natal colony and some migrate to Australia for wintering.

Analysis of Regional Economic Cooperation Strategies between Penghu and Mainland Special Economic Zones on the West Coast of Taiwan Straits Abstract After the establishment of air and sea transportation links between Taiwan and China, Penghu, which is geographically situated in the center of the cross-strait links shall make good use of its transfer function, by taking advantage of its tax incentives (duty-free) stipulated in "Offshore Island Development Act" and "Cross-strait Mini Three Link Policy" to develop new industries that can satisfy the requirements of "import consumption" and "export promotion." Penghu may foster closer economic and trade ties between Taiwan and Fujian Province, promote cross-strait tourism, expand cultural exchange, and develop sustainable industries that are necessary for continuing the economic prosperity. This study was conducted by a team of three students using the interactive management approach to tackle the main theme of regional cooperative strategies between Penghu and the Mainland special economic zones on the west coast of Taiwan Straits. The researchers looked into the sub-title issues from the economical, social, and governmental aspects respectively. The theoretical framework of this study was based on the public affairs management and research method -- Interactive Management (IM). To make the research results more comprehensive, the interactive management approach was combined with two methods often used in framework analysis: nominal group technology (NGT) and interpretative structure model (ISM). Together with literature review, expert interviews and data collection methods, the researchers gathered all relevant information about Penghu so as to provide a more objective basis for exploring the strategic economic cooperation between Penghu and the Mainland special economic zone on the west coast of Taiwan Straits. To ensure good progress in the panel discussion and anticipate fruitful results from discussions of various sub-titles to turn into specific strategies, the interactive discussion seminar invited local representatives in order to incorporate the views of the people in Penghu. This information can provide reliable reference for the central government planning units in their policy formulation process. Using this approach can solve the problem of suspending issues whenever the interactive management (IM) is used. The seminar was joined by 27 representatives from all walks of life. The NGT process started from exposing the issues, clarifying the issues, voting for the issues, to making paired comparisons, supplemented by ISM software, and finally resulted in enhanced structural clearness and visually understandable connectivity. After panel discussions over the structural charts, appropriate revisions, and confirmation of a final version, 12 economic strategies were produced from discussions of regional cooperation between Penghu and the Mainland special economic zone on the west coast of the Taiwan Straits.These recommendations are given below: (1) requesting the Ministry of Communications to instruct the maritime and aviation companies to open scheduled transport lines within the shortest time for Makung-Kinmen, Penghu-Xiamen, and Penghu¡VShantou lines, and to extend the links gradually to other cities on the west coast of the straits; (2) directing Penghu to work with officials of mainland special economic zones on the west coast of the Straits for development of free trade zones ; it should be consulted through the Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) to establish a fair and transparent cooperative mechanism in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of people on both VI sides of the Straits; (3) transforming Penghu into an international duty free zone; (4) requesting Penghu County Government units or related non-governmental organizations to communicate with relevant parties on the other side of the Straits to open forums for discussion of co-operative strategies between Penghu and mainland special economic zones on the west coast of the straits; (5) suggesting the Penghu County Government to ask for more funding for establishing marine life and culture zones, in order to promote green tourism and economic development; (6) requesting Penghu County Government to promote tourism and gaming industries, and also to give more thinking on other possibilities (for example ocean biotech industry); (7) requesting the central government to release the remote island transportation lines to outside operators using market competition to reduce the cost of air fares and enhance tourism competitiveness; (8) suggesting Penghu to proactively develop indoor and outdoor theme parks, on land and at sea, as well as opening of other shopping malls; (9) requesting the central government to lift the bans on the islands development so as to allow foreign and mainland investments to participate in Penghu's preferential land and housing projects, in turn to boost the prosperity of the Penghu area; (10) recommending the Penghu County Government to ask the Taiwan Power Company to strengthen the capacity of wind power, and asking the Taiwan water company to enhance the production of desalination water; (11) suggesting the government agencies to map out the development plans for Penghu and to find suitable areas that can draw the interests of outside contractors in order to strengthen the development and enhancement of their own standards, and to attract more mainland tourists to the island; and (12) suggesting the two sides of the Straits to sign reciprocal tax agreements to reduce the time and labor costs so as to enhance the marketing and promotion of special products with Penghu characteristics. The relationship between individual strategies needs to be further clarified for strengthening and production of enhanced structural connections, in order to determine the priority of strategies and their objective goals. The participants also felt that the most urgent task is to integrate the communication platform between the central and local government units in order to establish effective communication that will help the planning and implementation of cross-strait policies, and in turn conducive to smooth working with other strategies. More public forums shall be set up for open dialogue with various government units. This issue is to be delayed no further, and all strategies shall be given the best implementation, and shall ask local people to take part in public discussions that can facilitate the building of a citizen society. Keywords: Penghu County, Economic Zone on the West Coast of Taiwan Straits,Public Affairs Management¡]PAM¡^, interactive management, regional cooperation

Rapid economic growth over the past few years enables people to have higher living standards and incomes. Penghu has great fisheryenvironment and excellent water quality. Shan-Shuei coast is located south of the Penghu and it is a famous tourist attraction. To have the breadth and depth, this research begins with the reference from other publications and documents. Observer has experienced and investigated environmental resources in Shan-Shuei area in Penghu. Surveys were given out to find out residents¡¦ opinion about recreational fishery development. Hawaii¡¦s and Japan¡¦s recreational fishery are successful. We can gain some valuable experience by comparing their background, fishery legislation, and management strategies with Penghu. This research investigated Shan-Shuei residents and tourists. Resident survey is divided into three parts, which are community, environment, and economy. Tourist survey is focused on landscape satisfaction, tour quality satisfaction, and the importance of the recreational fishery development. Based on the survey result, comparison with Hawaii and Japan, and reference from publications, Penghu recreational fishery should reform the following four areas which are government sponsorship, legislation, development management, and execution in order to have a sustainable management in the future.

The Department of Health executed the contract with Tri-Service General Hospital on January 2, 2003, consigning the latter to render Penghu medical treatment services with the newly built ¡§Penghu Medical Care Building of Department of Health¡¨. Under the consignment, the Tri-Service General Hospital will launch an overall integration of the medical care resources of the current Penghu Hospital of Armed Forces and Penghu Hospital of Department of Health. Starting from July 1, 2006, Tri-Service General Hospital, Penghu Branch has officially come into being, bringing in human resources of the Tri-Service General Hospital, creating the medical treatment facitities in Penghu area easily accessible to upgrade the professional medical treatment services in Pengh area, enabling the local community people of Penghu area to enjoy diverse local welfare in medical services. In Penghu County, with limited medical care resources, other than the efforts to help patients release from suffering and reduce the rate of patients being arranged for medical treatment beyond Penghu area, the efforts to upgrade the quality of medical treatment services have gradually become the major goals in the consigned management. The present study aims at the concept mode of ¡§Service Quality Model, PZB¡¨ offered by Parasuraman, Zeithaml&Berry(1988) as the very ground, taking the two local service oriented public hospitals, i.e., ¡§Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital¡¨ and ¡§Penghu Hospital of Department of Health¡¨ as the target of survey, to probe into the levels of satisfaction on hospital quality of services felt by the hospital department heads, medical care service crew, patients and patients¡¦ families. The study further analizes to make sure whether the hospital department heads, medical care service crew, patients and patients¡¦ families show difference in the level of satisfaction. As indicated by the findings yielded by the present study, the two public hospitals show shortfalls in quality of services which call for immediate improvement. Penghu Hospital of Department of Health takes advantage of the geographical benefits, easy access to transportation, the close connection with the local patients and public praise and should team closely up with Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital. Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital attempts to localize the three messions in medical teratment, education and research. The doctors of the two hospitals should participate in various seminars to co-share the resources, strengthen the professional know-how to upgrade the quality of medical treatment services. The management administrator should make the department heads and medical service crew feel of how important the quality of services is. The present study may help better satisfy the needs of patients and their familities in the perspective of a consumer. The upgrade of quality of medical treatment services is a pivotal part of the public affairs on offshore island areas. The administrator should offer prominent systematic strategies in systematic services to take firm command of the quality of services and technological advantages. Only through such efforts can those hospitals create sound image and public praise in medical treatment in Penghu area to assure sustained survival and existence. On the grounds of the results yielded by the present study, the thesis, finally offers proposals for betterment to Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital and Penghu Hospital of Department of Health in terms of quality of services. Such proposals will function as handy reference to the government authorities and the subsequent researchers regarding medical treatment in Penghu area.

ABSTRACT Multinational marriages across borders have been tremendously increased for the past few years. The number of foreign brides, excluding those whom from Mainland China, has been standing at around 120,000 at the end of 2004. Among these brides, most of them take the Penghu as their residential area during the past three years. However, the problems of the culture differences for their life adjustment among the cross-border marriages have been turned out. Taiwanese government, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, has introduced the projects for life-guidance and relevant financial support to get rid of their difficulties of life adjustment. Nonetheless, there is a doubt that the fact is that most of the foreign brides are still faced with difficulties in livings. Given such a scenario, this study tries to review the projects to see the extent in which the foreign brides get accustomed to their community, and fulfill their potentials after joining the classes of life guidance. A documentary analysis and the questionnaire interviews are used to empirically examine the current context. After the pilot study, 265 samples of foreign brides in the Penghu country were collected. Among these respondents selected, 130 joined the life guidance class, while 135 did not. Via the aid of the software of Statistics Package of Social Science, The findings are shown as followings. a. The mature foreign brides were more likely to join the class than the junior. Of the brides, Indonesian brides were the major participants compared with those whom from Vietnam. Also, those who have received more school years attended the class more. The more years the brides stepped into marriage, the less possibility they joined the class. This was the same case in the brides who must spend more time to take care of children. b. The brides who attended the class tended to enjoy more satisfaction of livings than those who neglected the class. c. The foreign brides performed various life adjustments with their different ages, status of marriage, and standard of living and finance. d. The class participants revealed significant differences in life adjustments in terms of their attendance of class, attitude to class, and family support. e. The feelings after the class attendants were shown positive, pleasure, supportive, and satisfied. However, transportation and child care might stop their attendance. All the brides were in the hope of taking the class and learning Mandarin and they wished to develop knowledge through the classes under the family support.

To upgrade administrative performance and quality of service, enhance the public¡¦s confidence in the government and elevate national competitiveness, the government requires Central Personnel Administration to make government agencies of all levels implement performance bonus system, combined with performance-based pay system, performance management system and performance appraisals adopted by both state-run and private enterprises. However, it is still a matter of opinions whether the system will work in bringing up the morale of civil servants in government agencies, which is worthy of further study by those concerned about public affairs. For the purpose of understanding the validity of performance bonus system executed by Penghu County Government, the study, based on ¡§Performance Bonus Scheme for the Executive Yan ¡® Administrative Agencies of All Levels¡¨ referring to related research papers and commentaries on performance bonus theories by scholars and experts, presents four aspects as to its evaluation: staff members¡¦ identification, administrative policies, effects and learning organization. A survey has been made for all public servants in county government and all agencies under it as well as in city and rural township agencies to attain the goal. Through statistics and analysis, barriers to the system include difficulty in evaluation, no connection between its goal and the prospects and administrative policies of the agency, lack of objectivity in applying the same evaluation to different types of agencies, insufficient inducement as a result of small amount of bonus, unfamiliarity with the scheme. Further analysis leads to the significant findings as follows: as far as identification is concerned, both males and females surveyed are in favor of the scheme, with higher support from personnel with lower education back- ground, non-executive and lower-ranking personnel while younger persons tend to disagree with the perfection of the scheme. In the aspect of administrative policies concerning performance management and evaluation, better-educated persons are apt to regard the evaluation applied to the different types of agencies as objective and more executives than non-executives approve of the objectivity of personal performance evaluation. As for its effects, those surveyed share no obvious differences regardless of age, education back-ground, position and rank; more senior officers agree that those awarded personal performance bonus are not entitled to sharing group performance bonus; All surveyed people, especially seniors, those with shorter record of service, those with high school (or under it) education back-ground and non-executives, identify with it. In view of the above-mentioned problems and findings, the study tries to make some suggestions for improvement: assisting the establishment of performance evaluation mechanism, promoting policy marketing, carrying out personnel involvement, enhancing administration through performance bonus system, flexibly adjusting means of performance management, offering more-profit inducement since the small amount of bonus is not incentive enough, carrying on performance bonus system and integrating it into the organizational culture; bettering the functions of performance evaluation committee, combing administrative performance evaluation, performance bonus system and annual merit evaluation together, building up knowledge-sharing mechanism through group learning.

The purpose of this research is to discuss the "Rational Reform Plan on Public Servant Pension Income", systematic inquiries into the perception and manner of Penghu County public servants towards the reform plan, analyze the perception and manner differences by the public servants with different backgrounds, and propose conclusions and suggestions for a smooth and rational pension reformation. The objectives of this research are as follows: 1. Understand the perception and manner of Penghu County public servants towards the "Rational Reform Plan on Public Servant Pension Income"; 2. Understand the perception and manner differences by current and retired public servants towards the reform plan; 3. Understand if there is a difference in perception and manner by current public servants with different backgrounds; 4. Understand if there is a difference in perception and manner by retired public servants with different backgrounds; 5. Understand the feelings and suggestions of the Penghu County public servants towards the reform plan. This research is conducted with the literature analysis and questionnaire survey methods. Using current and retired public servants of Penghu County Government and respective institutions as the subjects, the number of sampling current public servants is 437 (distributed 437 questionnaire), 416 questionnaire is returned, the number of valid questionnaire is 404 and the ratio of valid questionnaire is 92.45%; the number of sampling retired public servants is 112 (distributed 112 questionnaire), 61 questionnaire is returned, the number of valid questionnaire is 56 and the ratio of valid questionnaire is 50%. This research obtains the below conclusions: 1. Most participants feel the domestic economic planning for senior is insufficient and approve to adopt gradual reduction of retired planning difference; 2. Most participants approve the reform concept but feel the plan content lacks fairness and the plan guidance is insufficient; 3. The participants have different views on whether the plan is helpful to the society, dignity of the public servants and national financial pressure; 4. The reform plan helps in easing early retirement but is afraid on letting unsuitable staff to remain in office and reduction of trust in the government; 5. The current and retired staff have different perceptions to the reform background and strategy planning; there is no perceptive difference in the strategy influence; 6. There is perceptive difference to the strategy background by current public servant of different ages, service seniority, positions, levels and institutions; different genders and education levels do not show any difference. 7. There is perceptive difference to the plan connotation by current public servant of different backgrounds; 8. There is perceptive difference to the strategy influence by current public servant of different genders, service seniority, education levels and positions; different ages, levels and institutions do not show any difference; 9. There is perceptive difference to the strategy background by retired staff of different genders, ages, service seniority, education levels and institutions; different positions and levels do not show any difference. 10. There is perceptive difference to the strategy influence by retired staff of different ages, service seniority, education levels and institutions; different genders, positions and levels do not show any difference. With the above conclusions, this research proposes the below suggestions: 1. More professional and less politics in the civil system reform; 2. Pension income reform is not to be pursued to maintain good faith in the government; 3. The reform plan should be legalized before implementing; 4. Review before revision of irrational reform stipulations; 5. Integrated measures and advance announcement; 6. Early planning of old age economic planning system; 7. Planning of retirement and social welfare system; 8. Public servants should plan lifetime income to safeguard old age.

Abstract The Penghu Channel (PHC), situated in the southeastern Taiwan Strait (TS), is the major conduit for the South China Sea water (SCSW) and Kuroshio subsurface water flowing into the TS. However, the previous studies in this area were largely focused on the aspects of physical oceanography, with scant attention to the chemical hydrography is poorly studied, and therefore little understood. In order to better understand the seasonal variations of chemical hydrography in the southern PHC, we conducted a systematic survey of chemical hydrography aboard R/V Ocean Research III during cruises in January, March, July and October 2001 as well as March 2002. The water above 200m in the southern PHC is characteristic of salinity and temperature between those of SCSW and Kuroshio water (KW), suggesting it is mixing between these two waters. Nonetheless, the salinity and temperature below 200m are dominated by the SCSW. The relative amount of SCSW and KW flowing into the PHC has varied seasonally and annually. During the transition period of monsoon, KW was more than SCSW, but SCSW had a larger quantity during the northeast and southwest monsoon. The slope of the regression line between the d13CDIC and PO4-3 (0-100m, -0.55; below 100m, -0.30) indicates that the distributions of d13CDIC and PO4-3 in the study area may be controlled by the effect of air-sea exchange or the mixing of different water masses or both. In addition, to evaluate the overall error in d13CDIC analysis, we have checked carefully whether the different storage bottles, the various duration of storage, and different amount of saturated HgCl2 solution added in the water samples would produce uncertainty on the d13CDIC analysis. Our results show no significant discrepancy among these the different treatments, suggesting that the water samples can be stored without measurable d13CDIC change at least for 3 months.

The trend of low-birth rate is a crisis for schools to run. Especially for the schools, the doomed disadvantaged ones, in off-shore islands in Penghu County, an archipelagic county in Taiwan, to be closed or merged could be a huge barrier for the education-development. Therefore, to think out the development model of characteristic schools, and make use of the advantages of the small-scale in schools and classes to combine the special natural environment and cultural historical resources, and then construct a special and innovation regional program in order to increase the value of education and operate marginal profits. The purpose of this study is to explore the strategies of characteristic schools¡¦ innovative management and the critical successful factors on the transforming of primary schools in Penghu County. Finally, conclusions and suggestions will be made to find other ways rather than ¡§keep¡¨ or ¡§abolish¡¨ the schools. The study uses the qualitative research with depth interviews as an applied method. We adopt the purposive sampling method, to sample from the principals, teachers (including the mainland and the off-shore islands of Penghu, and the representative areas of townships and cities), superintendents who deal with correlative affairs in educational administration organizations, the specialists and scholars. Our findings can be classified into two parts¡G 1. The critical factors of primary schools transforming into characteristic schools. i. The administration management should stress on the planning and improvement of software and hardware. The leaders must possess the right opinions, and use strategies to cohere common consensus, to make use of teachers¡¦ specialty elastically and give rewards and punishments properly. ii. Special programs and teaching design should be planned by a professional group in an innovative way. The network information platform must be constructed and integrated with teaching. The contents of program should focus on the local characters. iii. Knowledge sharing is important. They must build a learning organization and improve their mental models. The website is the way to be used as the knowledge management platform and the professional capability could be improved by knowledge sharing and invigoration. iv. The integration of strategic alliance¡GSchools are divided by townships to form a characteristic group. The educational circles and industrial circles could become fellowship in a mutual beneficial condition. 2. The strategies of developing characteristic schools and innovation management of primary schools in Penghu County. i. The short-term target¡GThe improvement of the professional skill of teachers, the integration of human resource. ii. The mid-term target¡GTo develop a strategic alliance and construct a learning platform by network. iii. The long-term target¡GTo combine the environmental education and local cultural education and invent a special travel study model. The study also advances that the educational administration organization should subsidize to establish a group to promote the characteristic schools. The schools should become a learning organization and strengthen the strategic alliance between schools. The principal should have a innovative management opinion and to teach by personal example.