Thesis (doctoral)--Åbo akademi, 1987. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. [200]-211).

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Akademisk avhandling--Historiska institutionen--Stockholm, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 334-352.

This dissertation investigates the casual relationship between trade openness and economic growth in a sample of 87 countries (developing & developed) during the period 1970-2013. According to the previous literature, the openness-growth relationship seems to be relatively unclear and inconclusive, although the general tendency is that openness has a positive impact on economic growth. Our empirical results confirm this ambiguous relationship and provide evidence which vary across model specification. Regarding of the per capita income regression for all countries, trade openness has a positive but not a robust impact on income, as the coefficient of openness is positive but at the same time insignificant. As far as growth regression is concerned, it seems that there is a positive relationship between openness and growth for all countries. More specific, for developing countries trade openness has a negative effect on income per capita and a positive one on income growth. On the other hand, a negative relationship between openness and income per capita and income growth presented in our results for developed countries.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Florianópolis, 2017. / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T03:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 348877.pdf: 814916 bytes, checksum: 366e4c34d5ac89eda43a95b6f1976d50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A questão da mobilidade de renda e suas implicações têm recebido maior atenção por parte dos pesquisadores nos últimos anos. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de descrever o comportamento da mobilidade de renda entre os estratos econômicos no Brasil, tendo como base as informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Domicílios (PNAD) de 2004, 2008 e 2012. Para tanto, foram estimadas as probabilidades de transição entre os quintis de renda, através do método de Cadeias de Markov. Tais probabilidades consideram os rendimentos familiares per capita dos indivíduos economicamente ativos (PEA).Os resultados sugerem persistência entre os quintis de renda durante os anos observados, isto é: baixa mobilidade entre os estratos. / Abstract : The issue of income mobility and its implications has received greater recognition from researchers in recent years. The present study aims at describing the behavior of income mobility among socioeconomic strata in Brazil, based on National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) of IBGE from 2004, 2008, and 2012. To do so, the transition probabilities among the income quintiles were estimated, using the Markov Chain method. Such probabilities take into account the per capita family income of economically active people (PEA). The results suggest persistence among the income quintiles during the observed years: showing low mobility between the socioeconomic strata.

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Placing smaller cells in a heterogeneous cellular network can be beneficial in terms of energy because better capacities can be obtained for a given energy constraint. These type of deployments not only highlight the need for appropriate metrics to evaluate how well energy is being spent, but also raise important issues that need to be taken into account when analysing the overall use of energy. In this work, handoff strategies, bandwidth allocation, and path loss models in different scenarios, illustrate how energy can be consumed in a more efficient way when cell size is decreased. A handoff strategy based on per-energy capacity is studied in order to give priority to a more energy efficient handoff option. Energy can also be spent more adequately if the transmit power is adjusted as a function of interference. As a result, users can experience higher capacities while spending less energy, depending whether they handoff or not, increasing the overall performance of the network in terms of energy efficiency.

This descriptive case study investigated eight magnet schools in the Clarksdale Municipal School District (CMSD) in relation to Mississippi Department of Education (MDE) accountability status and expenditures before and after implementation of the magnet school program for the purpose of determining whether positive or negative changes occurred. Using multiple school district and statewide data sources, the investigation was delimited to CMSD to assist school district officials in clearly and concisely determining whether or not the decision to establish eight magnet schools resulted in a positive outcome in relation to MDE accountability status and expenditures. The accountability status and expenditures were analyzed for the 8 schools four school years prior to implementation of the magnet school program and 5 years following implementation. A conversion chart was developed to ensure that comparisons could be made between the school years reported prior to magnet school implementation and the school years in which the magnet school concept was implemented. Positive changes in relation to accountability status occurred in 2 (25%) of the 8 CMSD schools after implementation of the magnet school program. Magnet school implementation had a negative, little, or no impact in regard to accountability status for 6 (75%) of the 8 schools. Implementation of the magnet school program did not improve accountability status for CMSD schools in general. Implementation of the magnet school program appears to have a negative effect on per student expenditures as prior to the magnet school concept being implemented, the school district’s per student expenditures average was 10% lower than the per student expenditures average for the state of Mississippi as a whole and after implementation, the school district’s per student expenditures average was 10% higher than the per student expenditures average for the state. Overall, implementation of the magnet school program increased per student expenditures for CMSD in general, but did not have a positive impact on accountability status for the majority of the participant schools.

TITLE: The Impact of Institutions on Economic Growth.MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Wanki Moon. Based on the cross-sectional data, my thesis examined the relationship between the Economic Freedom Indices and per capita GDP. This thesis demonstrates that the rule of law category, which includes the property right variable, is the category that most affects per capita GDP which demonstrates the importance of the institution. Data from 184 countries published by Heritage Foundation and the Wall Street Journal were used. I analyzed the data using the OLS regression model to explore the relationship between Economic Freedom index and per capita GDP. The first model I analyzed is simple regression which regress economic freedom indices on per capita GDP. The result of the regression showed that all variables are significant, except the Tax Burden and Fiscal Health variables which were insignificant. The Government Spending and Tax Burden are the only variables have a negative effect on per capita GDP. The second model I analyzed was multiple regression for each category’s components, then I repeated the model four times, since there are four different categories with three components each. It is important to analyze each category by itself to explore what the relationship is between the component in each category and per capita GDP. The results of regression on each category including the three different components show that government integrity (from the rule of law category), government spending and fiscal health (from government size category), business freedom (from regulatory efficiency category), trade freedom and financial freedom (from open market category) are significant variables and affected per capita GDP positively except for government spending which has a negative effect on per capita GDP. On the other hand, the variables which are insignificant like property right from the rule of law category, monetary freedom from regulatory efficiency category have a positive effect on per capita GDP. But the Judicial Efficiency from the rule of law category, tax burden from government size, labor freedom from regulatory efficiency category and investment freedom from open markets are insignificant and have a negative effect on per capita GDP. However, when we look to the category as a group, we find that all four grouped index freedom is significant at 99% significant level. R-square is highest for rule of law category (68%) and very low for government size (16.7%). The third model I used includes four categories by computing the average of each category’s components, we found, by looking at R-square, that 65.4% of per capita GDP is explained by these four categories. Surprisingly, I found that the rule of law category is the only significant variable with positive effect on GDP per capita. On the other hand, Government Size, and Regulatory Efficiency are insignificant variables and have a negative effect on per capita GDP. Open Market category is insignificant variable and has a positive effect on per capita GDP.

Thesis advisor: Juliet Schor / This study explores the dynamics of legislative conflicts surrounding PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) regulation in Massachusetts, focusing on the strategies employed by industry representatives and pro-regulatory advocates giving testimony at public hearings. Through a qualitative analysis of hearing transcripts and testimonies, the study reveals two primary lobbying strategies: an appeal to a status quo bias by emphasizing economic burdens and a "splitting hairs" tactic that emphasizes scientific nuances to advocate for a risk-based approach to regulation. In contrast, pro-regulatory advocates highlighted the known risks of PFAS exposure and served as foils to industry narratives. The study highlights the strategic communication tactics used by interest groups to influence policymakers and sheds light on the complex landscape of environmental regulatory debates in Massachusetts, emphasizing the role of public interest groups in countering the influence of private interest groups. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2024. / Submitted to: Boston College. Morrissey School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology. / Discipline: Scholar of the College.