CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A computaÃÃo em nuvem à um paradigma de computaÃÃo emergente e bem sucedido que oferece serviÃos por demanda. Com o crescimento exponencial da quantidade de dados utilizados pelas aplicaÃÃes atuais, os bancos de dados NoSQL, que sÃo sistemas inerentemente distribuÃdos, tÃm sido usados para gerenciar dados na Nuvem. Nesse cenÃrio, à fundamental que os provedores de serviÃos em nuvem garantam a Qualidade de ServiÃo (QoS) por meio do cumprimento do contrato Service Level Agreement (SLA) enquanto reduz os custos operacionais relacionados a overprovisioning e underprovisioning. Mecanismos de QoS podem se beneficiar fortemente de modelos de desempenho preditivos que estimam o desempenho para uma dada configuraÃÃo do sistema NoSQL e da carga de trabalho. Com isso, estratÃgias de elasticidade podem aproveitar esses modelos preditivos para fornecer meios de adicionar e remover recursos computacionais de forma mais confiÃvel. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para modelagem de desempenho genÃrica para banco de dados NoSQL em termos de mÃtricas de desempenho baseadas no SLA capaz de capturar o efeitos nÃo-lineares causados pelo aspectos de concorrÃncia e distribuiÃÃo. Adicionalmente, à apresentado um mecanismo de elasticidade para adicionar e remover nÃs sistema NoSQL baseado em modelos de desempenho. Resultados de avaliaÃÃo experimental confirmam que a modelagem de desempenho estima as mÃtricas de forma acurada para vÃrios cenÃrios de carga de trabalho e configuraÃÃes do sistema. Por fim, a nossa estratÃgia de elasticidade à capaz de garantir a QoS enquanto utiliza os recursos de forma eficiente. / Cloud computing is a successful, emerging paradigm that supports on-demand services. With the exponential growth of data generated by present applications, NoSQL databases which are inherently distributed systems have been used to manage data in the cloud. In this scenario, it is fundamental for cloud providers to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) by satisfying tho Service Level Agreement (SLA) contract while reducing the operational costs related to both overprovisioning and underprovisioning. Thus QoS mechanisms can greatly benefit from a predictive model that estimates SLA-based performance metrics for a given cluster and workload configuration. Therewith, elastic provisioning strategies can benefit from these predictive models to provide a reliable mechanism to add and remove resources reliably. In this work, we present a generic performance modeling for NoSQL databases in terms of SLA-based metrics capable of capturing non-linear effects caused by concurrency and distribution aspects. Moreover we present a elastic provisioning mechanism based on performance models. Results of experimental evaluation confirm that our performance modeling can accurately estimate the performance under a wide range of workload configurations and also that our elastic provisioning approach can ensure QoS while using resources efficiently.

Essa dissertação explora o aumento da retenção escolar, introduzido pela mudança da forma de organização escolar de ciclos para séries. Por meio do método de diferenças em diferenças e usando um desenho de avaliação da política diferente de trabalhos similares, apresentamos os efeitos agregados e dinâmicos da maior retenção sobre o desempenho escolar, taxa de aprovação e taxa de abandono para as escolas públicas urbanas do Ensino Fundamental Regular do Brasil. As estimativas para desempenho mostram uma queda na proficiência de matemática e língua portuguesa para 4ª séries e 8ª séries. As estimativas do efeito dinâmico apresentam maiores no curto prazo para 4ª séries, enquanto para 8ª séries os efeitos maiores foram no longo prazo. Também ocorre uma queda da aprovação e aumento da taxa de abandono para ambas às séries. Concluímos que o retorno ao sistema de séries parece não ter sido uma boa estratégia para essas escolas. / This dissertation explores the increasing school retention, introduced by changing the form of school organization of cycles for series. Through the method of difference in differences and using an evaluation design of policy different from similar studies, we present the aggregate and dynamic effects of the increased of retention on school performance, promotion and dropout rate for urban public schools of Basic Education in Brazil. The estimates show a drop in performance achievement in math and achievement reading for 4th grade and 8th grade. Estimates of the dynamic effect present higher in the short term to 4th grade while for 8th grade were the largest effects in the long run. There is also a drop in promotion and rising dropout rate for both the series. We conclude that the return to the series system seems to have not been a good strategy for these schools.

Silagens de milho são mais propensas à deterioração quando expostas ao ar. As leveduras assimiladoras de ácido lático são frequentemente os primeiros microrganismos a iniciar a deterioração aeróbia nas silagens. Alguns estudos reportam que silagem de milho aerobicamente instável está associada à redução no consumo, na produção de leite e depressão no teor de gordura do leite. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de inoculação de leveduras (Pichia norvegensis) e a exposição ao ar por 48 horas sobre o valor nutritivo das silagens e o desempenho de vacas leiteiras. O milho foi colhido com 34% de MS, tratado sem (Controle) ou com P. norvegensis, na dose 1×105 ufc/g MV (Levedura) e armazenado silos tipo bolsa (40 t/silo). Após 123 dias de armazenamento, os silos foram abertos e a silagem foi fornecida para vacas leiteiras. Diariamente, as silagens foram retiradas e fornecidas imediatamente (Fresca) ou após 48 horas de exposição (Exposta). Vinte vacas Holandesas foram distribuídas em 5 quadrados latinos replicados 4×4, com períodos de 21 dias (15 d para adaptação + 6 d para amostragem). As dietas foram formuladas para conter: 53% silagem de milho, 8% caroço de algodão, 18% farelo de soja, 9,5% polpa cítrica, 9% milho seco moído e 2,5% premix vitamínico e mineral. Os quatro tratamentos foram assim constituídos: silagem controle fresca (CF), silagem controle exposta (CE), silagem inoculada com levedura fresca (LF) e silagem inoculada com levedura exposta (LE). A inoculação com levedura aumentou as perdas de matéria seca (P<0,001) e reduziu o tempo de estabilidade aeróbia (P=0,03) das silagens de milho. No ensaio de desempenho animal, reduziu a produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura (P=0,03) e a eficiência alimentar (ELL leite/CMS) (P<0,01), porém não alterou o teor de gordura do leite. Quanto aos efeitos da exposição ao ar por 48 horas, estes reduziram a concentração de ácido lático (P<0,001), que consequentemente aumentou o pH (P=0,004) das silagens, além de reduzir outros produtos de fermentação. A exposição também reduziu a produção de leite corrigido para gordura (P=0,02) e a eficiência alimentar (P=0,10). Nenhum tratamento alterou o consumo de MS. Houve tendência para redução da digestibilidade da MS e FDN e do NDT, quando as silagens foram expostas ao ar. A inoculação com leveduras e a exposição ao ar por 48 horas deprimem o desempenho animal através da redução no valor nutritivo das silagens de milho. / Corn silages are prone to deterioration when exposed to air. The lactate-assimilating yeast species are frequently the first microorganisms to initiate the aerobic deterioration. Some studies reported that aerobically unstable corn silage is associated with reduced feed intake, milk production and milk fat depression. Therefore, the objective of this study was evaluate the influence of yeast inoculation (Pichia norvegensis) and the air exposure by 48 hours on the nutritive value of corn silages and the performance of dairy cows. Corn crop was harvested at 34% DM, treated without (Control) or with P. norvergensis at 1×105 cfu/g fresh matter (Yeast) and packed in bag silos (40 t/silo). After 123 d of storage, silos were opened and fed to lactating dairy cows. Every day, the silages were unloaded and fed immediately (Fresh) or after 48 h of air exposure (Exposure). Twenty Holsteins cows were assigned to five replicated 4×4 Latin squares, with 21 d periods (15 d for adaptation + 6 d for sampling). Diets were formulated to contain 53% corn silage, 8% whole cottonseed, 18% soybean meal, 9.5% citrus pulp, 9% dry corn meal, and 2.5 % vitamin and mineral premix. The four treatments were: control-fresh silage (CF), control-exposed silage (CE), yeast inoculated-fresh silage (YF), and yeast inoculated- exposed silage (YE). The yeast inoculation enhanced DM losses (P<0,001) and reduced aerobic stability (P=0,03) of corn silages. On the animal performace, decreased 3,5% fat correct milk (P=0,03) and the feed efficiency (ELL leite/CMS) (P<0,01), but did not alter the milk fat content. The effects of air exposure by 48 hours reduced lactic acid concentration (P<0,001), which consequently increased the pH (P=0,004) of silages, and reduced others fermentation products. Also, the exposure decreased the 3,5% fat correct milk (P=0,02) and the feed efficiency (P=0,10). Neither treatment altered the DM intake. There was tendency of reduction for the DM and NDF digestibility and TDN, when the silages were exposed to air. The yeast inoculation and air exposure by 48 hours decreased animal performance by the reduction on the nutritive value of corn silages.

Grãos secos de destilaria com solúveis (DDGS) são uma fonte alternativa protéica e energética, de baixo custo se comparado com a farinha de peixe e o farelo de soja. Neste estudo avaliou-se a influência dos diferentes níveis de DDGS no desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de lambari-de-rabo amarelo, bem como analisou-se a viabilidade econômica deste produto. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado composto de 4 tratamentos (níveis de DDGS) e 4 repetições. Foram elaboradas dietas contendo 0%, 10%, 20% e 30%, de DDGS em substituição parcial e total do farelo de soja e quirera de arroz. Um total de 2400 alevinos de lambari foram estocados em 16 tanques de 500L, contendo biofiltro e um sistema individual de recirculação de água, à densidade de 0,3 peixes/ L. Os peixes foram alimentados 4 vezes ao dia no primeiro mês e 2 vezes nos meses subsequentes durante 150 dias, à taxa diária do arraçoamento de 5% de peso vivo. Mensalmente os peixes foram pesados e no final determinou-se os parâmetros produtivos tais como: ganho de peso, índice de conversão alimentar, taxa de sobrevivência, taxa de crescimento específico, taxa de eficiência protéica, índice de crescimento instantâneo, taxa de ganho de peso, fator de condição corporal e composição química do corpo inteiro e do músculo. Após o período de alimentação foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros reprodutivos: índice gonadossomático, volume dos ovos, fertilidade inicial, fertilidade inicial relativa, taxa de fertilidade, índice de desova, fertilidade final, fertilidade final relativa, taxa de eclosão e sobrevivência, diâmetro dos ovos e do vitelo e comprimento das larvas. Foi feita a histologia das gônadas das fêmeas e dos machos e avaliação do sêmen. Também se analisou a viabilidade do uso do DDGS. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (&alpha; = 0,05), à regressão e teste de tendência, e para a comparação das médias de viabilidade económica utilizou-se o teste Tukey por meio do programa SAS. A adição de DDGS não afetou os parâmetros produtivos (P &GT; 0,05), exceto para a matéria mineral do músculo (P &LT; 0,05). Ocorreram diferenças (P &LT; 0,05) para fertilidade inicial, peso, comprimento total e padrão dos machos. Histologicamente não se evidenciou diferenças entre as estruturas morfológicas dos ovários, nos testículos dos peixes alimentados com dieta de 30% de DDGS apresentaram células espermáticas abundantes, portanto o desenvolvimento gonadal não foi influenciado negativamente pelo DDGS. Economicamente as dietas contendo DDGS (10, 20 e 30%) foram respetivamente 2; 7 e 11% menos onerosas do que a dieta com farelo de soja e quirera de arroz. As médias do custo do ganho não diferiram (P &GT; 0,05) entre si, indicando que se pode substituir o farelo de soja e quirera de arroz com o DDGS sem grandes prejuízos no desempenho e a baixo custo de alimentação. / Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a protein and energy source alternative, is used to formulate diets to feed fishes in replecement of fish meal and soya, and the cost is low. This research was carried out to investigate the influence of dietary inclusion of DDGS levels on growth and reprodution performance and evaluate its economical value of lambari. The experimental delineament were four isonitrogenous diets were formulated that contain 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of DDGS in substituation of soja meal and broken rice. A total of 2400 lambari were stored in 16 tanks 500L, provided with a biofilter and a single system of water recirculation, density were 0,3 fish / L. During 150 days the groups of fish were fed with experimental diets until visual satiety four times per day for the first month and twice in the remaining months, the daily rate of feeding were 5% of body weight. Each month the fish were weighed for determination of production parameters such as: weight gain, feed conversion rate, survival rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, instantaneous growth rate, weight gain rate, condition factor physical and chemical composition of the whole body and muscle. After the feeding period terminated reproductive parameters such as: gonadossomatic index, egg volume, initial fertility, relative initial fertility, fertility rate, spawning rate, final fertility, final relative fertility, hatching and survival rate, diameter of eggs and length of the larvae. It was made the histology of the gonads (females and males) and semen evaluation. Also analyzed the economic viability of using DDGS in the diets. The data were subjected to ANOVA, regression and trend test, economical value analised by Turkey test (&alpha; = 0,05). Addition of DDGS did not affect the productive parameters (P &GT; 0,05) except for the mineral of muscle (P &LT; 0,05). There were differences (P &LT; 0,05) in initial fertility (FI), weight, total and pattern length of males. Histologically no detectable morphological differences between the structures of the ovaries, but testes of fish fed with diet of 30% DDGS showed abundant sperm cells, therefore gonadal development was not negatively influenced by the DDGS. Economically diets containing DDGS (10, 20 and 30%) were respectively 2; 7:11% cheaper than the diet with soy meal and broken rice. The cost gain was no significant (P &GT; 0.05). The result from this resarch shows that DDGS can replace soybean meal and broken rice without major losses in performance and low cost supply.

Diploma thesis is focused on the area of corporate performance management in corporation. As the time passes and technology is developing, the amount of information is still increasing. The company has to work with these information and process data based on which it can make decisions in everyday business. It is crucial for the company to know how to process data and create processes and information systems so the data can be used for effective decisions making process. The goal of this thesis is to introduce corporate performance management as the complex system and make the proposal of the concept for the company on Slovak and Czech market trading with information technology. Thesis is divided into two parts. The first one is about introducing principles of corporate performance management (as abbreviation CPM) -- introduction of components, history and also the place of CPM in architecture of the company. It also describes the possible future of importance in the company IT structure. In the end of first part there are introduced 5 principles of integrating CPM into real company life cycle. In the second part, thesis is about application of CPM into the company on Czech and Slovak market. In the first place, analysis was done about the state of each of components of CPM. Afterwards, all components of CPM were again designed so it would be possible to reach the best results. In the second part there is also detailed manual according to 5 principles by Palladino how to implement corporate performance management into this company.

The thesis at hand deals with employee evaluation and employees' salaries. The theoretical part of this thesis is crucial to fully understand the issues dealt with in this thesis. In the practical part the author focuses on concrete systems of employee evaluation and employees' salaries in certain organizations. The main goal of the thesis at hand is to provide companies with solutions to improve the current situation. For this purpose the author relies on the study of literature, her own judgments and an analysis of the present situation in the field.

Empirical research has supported the use of general cognitive ability to predict employee performance; however, studies have accounted for only a fraction of the variance. The current study addressed whether intellectual styles, which describe how individuals habitually acquire and use information, account for a significant portion of the variance in job performance not covered by general cognitive ability. The study followed a quantitative, nonexperimental design with a convenience sample of 77 intelligence analysts from 6 U.S. government agencies and 2 online professional groups. MindTime provided the primary theoretical framework. The International Cognitive Ability Resource, MindTime Profile InventoryTM, and Self-Rated Analytic Job Performance Assessment were used to measure general cognitive ability and analytic job performance. Results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that thinking perspectives profiles are valid predictors of job performance and contribute to the incremental validity of general cognitive ability as a predictor of analytic job performance. However, because of the high degree of collinearity, results were inconclusive. The findings add to the understanding of the relationship between intellectual styles and job performance of knowledge workers, and they reinforce links between industrial-organizational psychology and cognitive psychology.

<p dir="ltr">Ensuring the reliability and efficiency of engines in marine and mining applications is critical for operational safety and performance. This thesis explores two interconnected areas of engine reliability: the analysis of marine diesel engine faults and the development of a framework that linked together the vehicle simulation model developed by Cummins and the damage model developed by Cummins. The first part of the research describes a comprehensive literature survey on common faults in marine diesel engines, focusing on issues such as fuel system failures, turbocharger malfunctions, and cooling system inefficiencies. Additionally, it investigates various hardware redundancy strategies to mitigate these faults and enhance engine reliability. The findings demonstrated that hardware redundancy is expected to reduce the likelihood of engine failure by ensuring continuous operation even in the event of component malfunctions. </p><p dir="ltr">The second part of the research centers on the development and validate of a framework that links the Cummins vehicle simulation tool and Cummins damage modeling tool to perform damage calculations for mine haul truck engines. The validation of the framework ensures the accuracy of simulation models, which is crucial for predictive maintenance and performance optimization. The validated data is then used in various damage models to estimate and compare the damage accumulation in diesel and hybrid engine scenarios for mine haul applications. The findings provide insights into these engines' relative durability and performance under real-world conditions for this specific duty cycle. Notably, the comparative analysis revealed that hybrid engines tend to accumulate higher levels of oxidation and creep damage in components such as the exhaust manifold and turbine housing. In contrast, diesel engines are more susceptible to high cycle fatigue and wear in components like the piston rings and cylinder heads. </p><p dir="ltr">This thesis aims to bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical application by combining a thorough literature review, empirical validation, and damage modeling using tools developed by Cummins. </p>

<p dir="ltr">Ensuring the reliability and efficiency of engines in marine and mining applications is critical for operational safety and performance. This thesis explores two interconnected areas of engine reliability: the analysis of marine diesel engine faults and the development of a framework that linked together the vehicle simulation model developed by Cummins and the damage model developed by Cummins. The first part of the research describes a comprehensive literature survey on common faults in marine diesel engines, focusing on issues such as fuel system failures, turbocharger malfunctions, and cooling system inefficiencies. Additionally, it investigates various hardware redundancy strategies to mitigate these faults and enhance engine reliability. The findings demonstrated that hardware redundancy is expected to reduce the likelihood of engine failure by ensuring continuous operation even in the event of component malfunctions. </p><p dir="ltr">The second part of the research centers on the development and validate of a framework that links the Cummins vehicle simulation tool and Cummins damage modeling tool to perform damage calculations for mine haul truck engines. The validation of the framework ensures the accuracy of simulation models, which is crucial for predictive maintenance and performance optimization. The validated data is then used in various damage models to estimate and compare the damage accumulation in diesel and hybrid engine scenarios for mine haul applications. The findings provide insights into these engines' relative durability and performance under real-world conditions for this specific duty cycle. Notably, the comparative analysis revealed that hybrid engines tend to accumulate higher levels of oxidation and creep damage in components such as the exhaust manifold and turbine housing. In contrast, diesel engines are more susceptible to high cycle fatigue and wear in components like the piston rings and cylinder heads. </p><p dir="ltr">This thesis aims to bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical application by combining a thorough literature review, empirical validation, and damage modeling using tools developed by Cummins. </p>

see file / Public Administration / M. A. (Public Administration)