A enterite necrótica causada por Clostridium perfringens é, comprovadamente, um grande problema para frangos de corte, seja sob a forma clínica ou subclínica , com elevados prejuízos produtivos. Em perus, não está claramente identificada a influência deste patógeno sobre os resultados produtivos, e provavelmente por razões econômicas, o volume de pesquisa nesta área é limitado. Em dois experimentos consecutivos, conduzidos em granjas experimentais diferentes, e sobre cama nova e reutilizada, perus de 14 dias, sem medicação com anticoccidianos, foram inoculados, a partir de uma amostra de campo patogênica, com uma superdosagem de aproximadamente 1 x 1010 UFC/ml de Clostridium perfringens, tipo A; bactéria anaeróbica Gram positiva, que compõe a microflora intestinal dos perus. Lesões necróticas severas, com grande destruição da mucosa intestinal, foram observadas após o 4º dia de inoculação. Nos dois experimentos, a resposta dos perus à infecção foi diferente da descrita em frangos de corte. A mortalidade foi muito baixa ou nula e a recuperação das aves, independente da medicação utilizada, foi rápida com pouco ou nenhum comprometimento zootécnico. Escores das lesões histológicas foram desenvolvidos, para tentar correlacionar as lesões macroscópicas com as lesões microscópicas, mas a correlação foi baixa. Frente ao alto desafio observado, não foi possível avaliar adequadamente a ação do antimicrobiano utilizado. As respostas frente aos desafios de Clostridium perfringens nos perus, aparentam ser diferentes em relação às observadas em frangos de corte, sendo necessária cautela ao extrapolar padrões de uma espécie para outra. O uso de critérios subjetivos nas avaliações podem comprometer a tomada de decisão em relação aos tratamentos e as respostas esperadas. / Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens represents a major challenge in broilers, causing clinical or sub clinical diseases, and results in important economic losses for the poultry industry. In turkeys, however, the importance of this pathogen is not clearly defined, and there are few studies assessing its effects on the performance of turkeys, most probably for economic reasons. In two consecutive trials, conducted in two experimental farms, 14 day old turkey poults were reared on new and reused wood shavings litter, without any anticoccidials in the feed, and were inoculated with an overdose of approximately 1x1010 CFU/ml of a pathogenic field sample of Clostridium perfringens type A. This Gram positive anaerobic bacterium is a normal inhabitant of the gut micro flora in the enteric tract of turkeys. Severe necrotic lesions, with major damage to the intestinal mucosa were observed on Day 4 after inoculation. In both trials, the response to the turkeys to the clostridial infection was clearly different from what is described in the literature for broilers. The mortality rate was very low or inexistent, and the birds in all treatments groups recovered very fast, with little or no impact on performance results. An attempt was made to establish a pattern to correlate histological lesion scores with macroscopic and microscopic lesions, but the resulting correlation was very low. Considering the high level of challenge induced in both trials, it was not possible to evaluate in activity of the antibiotic in proper terms. The response of turkeys to a high level of challenge with Clostridium perfringens seems to be different when compared to what is observed in broilers under similar experimental conditions, and caution should be applied when using the same diagnostic methods for different species. The use of subjective criteria to assess and describe the lesions can lead to erroneous treatments decisions and misinterpretation of the responses to treatment.

A enterite necrótica causada por Clostridium perfringens é, comprovadamente, um grande problema para frangos de corte, seja sob a forma clínica ou subclínica , com elevados prejuízos produtivos. Em perus, não está claramente identificada a influência deste patógeno sobre os resultados produtivos, e provavelmente por razões econômicas, o volume de pesquisa nesta área é limitado. Em dois experimentos consecutivos, conduzidos em granjas experimentais diferentes, e sobre cama nova e reutilizada, perus de 14 dias, sem medicação com anticoccidianos, foram inoculados, a partir de uma amostra de campo patogênica, com uma superdosagem de aproximadamente 1 x 1010 UFC/ml de Clostridium perfringens, tipo A; bactéria anaeróbica Gram positiva, que compõe a microflora intestinal dos perus. Lesões necróticas severas, com grande destruição da mucosa intestinal, foram observadas após o 4º dia de inoculação. Nos dois experimentos, a resposta dos perus à infecção foi diferente da descrita em frangos de corte. A mortalidade foi muito baixa ou nula e a recuperação das aves, independente da medicação utilizada, foi rápida com pouco ou nenhum comprometimento zootécnico. Escores das lesões histológicas foram desenvolvidos, para tentar correlacionar as lesões macroscópicas com as lesões microscópicas, mas a correlação foi baixa. Frente ao alto desafio observado, não foi possível avaliar adequadamente a ação do antimicrobiano utilizado. As respostas frente aos desafios de Clostridium perfringens nos perus, aparentam ser diferentes em relação às observadas em frangos de corte, sendo necessária cautela ao extrapolar padrões de uma espécie para outra. O uso de critérios subjetivos nas avaliações podem comprometer a tomada de decisão em relação aos tratamentos e as respostas esperadas. / Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens represents a major challenge in broilers, causing clinical or sub clinical diseases, and results in important economic losses for the poultry industry. In turkeys, however, the importance of this pathogen is not clearly defined, and there are few studies assessing its effects on the performance of turkeys, most probably for economic reasons. In two consecutive trials, conducted in two experimental farms, 14 day old turkey poults were reared on new and reused wood shavings litter, without any anticoccidials in the feed, and were inoculated with an overdose of approximately 1x1010 CFU/ml of a pathogenic field sample of Clostridium perfringens type A. This Gram positive anaerobic bacterium is a normal inhabitant of the gut micro flora in the enteric tract of turkeys. Severe necrotic lesions, with major damage to the intestinal mucosa were observed on Day 4 after inoculation. In both trials, the response to the turkeys to the clostridial infection was clearly different from what is described in the literature for broilers. The mortality rate was very low or inexistent, and the birds in all treatments groups recovered very fast, with little or no impact on performance results. An attempt was made to establish a pattern to correlate histological lesion scores with macroscopic and microscopic lesions, but the resulting correlation was very low. Considering the high level of challenge induced in both trials, it was not possible to evaluate in activity of the antibiotic in proper terms. The response of turkeys to a high level of challenge with Clostridium perfringens seems to be different when compared to what is observed in broilers under similar experimental conditions, and caution should be applied when using the same diagnostic methods for different species. The use of subjective criteria to assess and describe the lesions can lead to erroneous treatments decisions and misinterpretation of the responses to treatment.

A enterite necrótica causada por Clostridium perfringens é, comprovadamente, um grande problema para frangos de corte, seja sob a forma clínica ou subclínica , com elevados prejuízos produtivos. Em perus, não está claramente identificada a influência deste patógeno sobre os resultados produtivos, e provavelmente por razões econômicas, o volume de pesquisa nesta área é limitado. Em dois experimentos consecutivos, conduzidos em granjas experimentais diferentes, e sobre cama nova e reutilizada, perus de 14 dias, sem medicação com anticoccidianos, foram inoculados, a partir de uma amostra de campo patogênica, com uma superdosagem de aproximadamente 1 x 1010 UFC/ml de Clostridium perfringens, tipo A; bactéria anaeróbica Gram positiva, que compõe a microflora intestinal dos perus. Lesões necróticas severas, com grande destruição da mucosa intestinal, foram observadas após o 4º dia de inoculação. Nos dois experimentos, a resposta dos perus à infecção foi diferente da descrita em frangos de corte. A mortalidade foi muito baixa ou nula e a recuperação das aves, independente da medicação utilizada, foi rápida com pouco ou nenhum comprometimento zootécnico. Escores das lesões histológicas foram desenvolvidos, para tentar correlacionar as lesões macroscópicas com as lesões microscópicas, mas a correlação foi baixa. Frente ao alto desafio observado, não foi possível avaliar adequadamente a ação do antimicrobiano utilizado. As respostas frente aos desafios de Clostridium perfringens nos perus, aparentam ser diferentes em relação às observadas em frangos de corte, sendo necessária cautela ao extrapolar padrões de uma espécie para outra. O uso de critérios subjetivos nas avaliações podem comprometer a tomada de decisão em relação aos tratamentos e as respostas esperadas. / Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens represents a major challenge in broilers, causing clinical or sub clinical diseases, and results in important economic losses for the poultry industry. In turkeys, however, the importance of this pathogen is not clearly defined, and there are few studies assessing its effects on the performance of turkeys, most probably for economic reasons. In two consecutive trials, conducted in two experimental farms, 14 day old turkey poults were reared on new and reused wood shavings litter, without any anticoccidials in the feed, and were inoculated with an overdose of approximately 1x1010 CFU/ml of a pathogenic field sample of Clostridium perfringens type A. This Gram positive anaerobic bacterium is a normal inhabitant of the gut micro flora in the enteric tract of turkeys. Severe necrotic lesions, with major damage to the intestinal mucosa were observed on Day 4 after inoculation. In both trials, the response to the turkeys to the clostridial infection was clearly different from what is described in the literature for broilers. The mortality rate was very low or inexistent, and the birds in all treatments groups recovered very fast, with little or no impact on performance results. An attempt was made to establish a pattern to correlate histological lesion scores with macroscopic and microscopic lesions, but the resulting correlation was very low. Considering the high level of challenge induced in both trials, it was not possible to evaluate in activity of the antibiotic in proper terms. The response of turkeys to a high level of challenge with Clostridium perfringens seems to be different when compared to what is observed in broilers under similar experimental conditions, and caution should be applied when using the same diagnostic methods for different species. The use of subjective criteria to assess and describe the lesions can lead to erroneous treatments decisions and misinterpretation of the responses to treatment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived impact of spiritual consciousness on leadership performance. The assumptions of several leadership theories were discussed in relation to spirituality and performance. The leadership qualities associated with performance were highlighted and evaluated. The present study was conducted with ten high performing leaders of private-sector organisations in Johannesburg, South Africa. Qualitative analysis of quantitative and qualitative data was performed. Psychometric assessment results were interpreted and evaluated, semi-structured interviews were conducted and 360 degree questionnaires were administered with the intent to evaluate leadership behaviours impacting on performance. The first part of the interview consisted of a section allowing the participant to tell a story of how their career developed over time. The second part of the interview contained questions pertaining to leadership, the qualities, characteristics and behaviours of successful leaders and those qualities and characteristics that have resulted in their own success followed by questions pertaining to the participant’s perception of spirituality, their experience of spirituality and the perceived link to performance, and lastly their view on spiritual leadership and the impact thereof on performance. The findings suggest that leaders who demonstrate spiritually conscious behavioural traits will likely be regarded as high performing leaders. The relationship between spiritual consciousness and leadership performance was described in detail and recommendations were made for the the implementation of a spiritual consciousness model in the selection of leaders. Confirmative empirical studies with a larger sample are needed to support the findings and to further explore this interesting phenomenon. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Consulting Psychology)

Disertacijoje analizuojama, kaip vadovų savaiminio mokymosi pagalba daryti įtaką įmonės veiklos rezultatams. Vadovų savaiminis mokymasis nagrinėtas tarpdiscipliniškai – atskleisti vadybiniai, psichologiniai bei edukologiniai aspektai. Susisteminta savaiminio mokymosi samprata bei atskleisti jos ryšiai su formaliuoju ir neformaliuoju mokymusi. Įvardinti vadovų savaiminio mokymosi veiksniai: savaiminio mokymosi individo, savaiminio mokymosi aplinkos veiksniai bei savaiminio mokymosi metodai. Taip pat aprašyti mažų ir vidutinių įmonių veiklos rezultatai. Vadovų savaiminio mokymosi veiksnių įtaka įmonių veiklos rezultatams ištirta empiriškai Lietuvos mažose bei vidutinėse įmonėse. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad didžiausią įtaką Lietuvos mažų ir vidutinių įmonių rezultatams (įmonės inovatyvumui, klientų pasitenkinimui ir jų nusiskundimų fiksavimui, darbuotojų pravaikštų mažėjimui ir darbuotojų pasitenkinimui) turi tam tikri vadovų savaiminio mokymosi veiksniai: aukštas vadovų pasiekimo poreikis, aukštos teigiamos vadovų nuostatos į mokymąsi, lengvai darbuotojams prieinama informacija įmonėje, skiriamas laikas, o taip pat ištekliai bei priemonės, reikalingos mokytis. / The dissertation analyses how to impact enterprise performance results with the help of managers’ informal learning. The concept of managers’ informal learning has been analyzed interdisciplinary – the aspects of management, psychology and educology sciences have been revealed. The concept of informal learning has been clarified and its interrelationship with formal and non-formal learning has been defined. Also factors of managers’ informal learning have been identified: individual informal learning factors, factors of informal learning environment and informal learning methods. The performance management results of small and medium-sized enterprises have been described. The impact of managers’ informal learning on enterprise performance results has been verified empirically in Lithuanian small and medium sized enterprises. The research revealed the particular factors having the biggest impact on Lithuanian small and medium-sized enterprise performance results: enterprise innovativeness, customer satisfaction and their complain tracking, absenteeism decline and employee satisfaction. The mentioned most significant managers’ informal learning factors are as follows: manager’s high need for achievement, high positive manager’s attitudes towards learning, easily accessible information in organization, resources and time allocated for learning.

The project is about the virtual switch called Open vSwitch and its architecture. It deals with an acceleration of the switch mainly by using Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK). Furthermore, it describes the architecture of the DPDK kit and analyses the individual functional units. Furthermore, it describes the architecture of the DPDK kit, analyses the individual functional units and describes the possibilities of its configuration. Another part of the project describes the methodology chosen for a performance testing of virtual switches. Subsequently, this methodology was used to make a design and environment implementation for fully automatic Open vSwitch s DPDK performance testing with the use of automatic systems such as Koji, Jenkins, Beaker a VSperf. Simultaneously, the tools for automatic comparison of produced results were implemented. The created environment was then used for the performance measurement of several basic Open vSwitch configurations with and without the use of DPDK. The implemented measurements are discussed and evaluated in the project. The final project's stage provides a great amount of the enlargement and improvement of the implemented tests.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:11:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-Renato de Oliveira Guerreiro.pdf: 3063091 bytes, checksum: c05ac9ee5becff678a7dd0cce752745f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Due to the changing environment being noticed nowadays, a new reality seems to be coming up. Inside the organizations, this new world is noticed by the attempts to build flexible working environments, towards the respect to people, changing the thinking of men while just part of manufacturing machinery, without however to decrease the performance and competitiveness very important in the current days assuring a improvement to the organization . Many organizations, therefore, are looking for satisfying human needs while implementing operational changes, which are usually focused on process reengineering and team work activities. Considering that management practices are critical factors for leading in this environment, this dissertation s goal is to identify some of those practices, required for the construction of a management behavior based on the link between process management and Organizational Learning. The database research method, adopted in this work, consisted of a theoretical study and a case study. In this case, the managers practices have been observed during the Process Management methodology implementation, taking into account their own feelings, as well the feelings of their employees, together with the researcher observations. The conclusions have highlighted the following issues: the need for developing management practices, which are able to provide process management understanding; gain people commitment; provide required conditions for team work; encourage systemic vision of reality and create a continuous information flow through all levels of the organization. Then, management practices are presented while implementing process management, based on the learning organizational disciplines: group work development; endomarketing planning; commitment behavior; generating creative tension and microworlds; respecting the corparative values and organizational culture; building a shared vision. / O momento de transição vivenciado hoje dá indícios de que uma nova realidade está tomando forma. No âmbito das organizações, essa nova realidade é refletida na crescente preocupação com a construção de espaços de produção mais flexíveis e direcionados à valorização do ser humano em sua totalidade, modificando a idéia deste enquanto mera engrenagem do maquinário de produção, sem, no entanto diminuir o desempenho e competitividade fundamentais nos dias atuais assegurando um futuro próspero para a organização. Neste sentido, muitas organizações estão buscando abordagens que incorporem as necessidades humanas às mudanças operacionais, normalmente centradas na reestruturação dos processos e no fortalecimento do trabalho em equipe. Considerando-se que as ações dos gerentes são fundamentais para guiar esse momento de transição, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar algumas dessas ações, necessárias à construção de uma abordagem gerencial baseada na visão de complementaridade entre o aperfeiçoamento de processos e a aprendizagem organizacional. Em função desse objetivo, adotou-se a pesquisa de arquivo, que se constituiu da revisão bibliográfica dos temas em questão e de uma aproximação da realidade através de um estudo de caso prático, real e efetivo. Neste caso, as práticas administrativas tem sido observadas durante a implementação da metodologia de gerenciamento do processo onde se levou em conta seus próprios sentimentos, como também os sentimentos dos colaboradores, em conjunto com as observações de pesquisa. As conclusões demonstraram: a importância de se desenvolver ações gerenciais capazes de propiciar a clareza dos objetivos do aperfeiçoamento de processos; buscar o comprometimento das pessoas com os mesmos; proporcionar as condições necessárias à realização do trabalho através de equipes; estimular a formação de uma visão sistêmica da realidade; criar um fluxo contínuo de comunicação em todos os níveis organizacionais. Desta forma, foram traçadas algumas propostas de ações a serem adotadas pelos gerentes quando da implementação do aperfeiçoamento de processos, tendo como base as disciplinas da aprendizagem organizacional: desenvolvimento de dinâmicas de grupo; planejamento da comunicação; adoção de uma postura de comprometimento; respeito aos valores corporativos e a cultura organizacional; estímulo à prática do diálogo; construção de uma visão compartilhada.

Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode. / Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.