A causal theory of spiritual leadership taps into the fundamental needs of both leader (vision, hope/ faith, altruistic love) and follower for spiritual survival (calling/meaning, membership). The definition of spiritual leadership is to comprise the values, attitudes, and behaviors that are necessary to intrinsically motivate one¡¦s self and others so that they have a sense of spiritual survival through calling and membership, and to improve employees¡¦ organization commitment and productivity. In addition, change commitment which is one of the positive attitudes toward organizational change, could promote the success of organizational change. The relationship between spiritual leadership and change commitment will be discussed. Furthermore, employees¡¦ emotional experiences might influence the work attitudes and behaviors. Regulatory focus theory which includes promotion focus and prevention focus, will focus on the one¡¦ emotional content, magnitude and the further effect. It¡¦s helpful to describe the relationship between emotional experiences and work attitudes and behaviors. As a result, the mediating mechanism of regulatory focus between spiritual leadership and commitment will be discussed. Use LISREL to analyze the survey data from 369 employees. Following are the results: 1. There is a positive relationship among spiritual leadership, calling/ meaning and membership, and change commitment. And calling/ meaning and membership are the mediators in the relationship between spiritual leadership and change commitment. 2. There is a positive relationship among spiritual leadership, promotion focus and change commitment. And promotion focus is the mediator in the relationship between spiritual leadership and change commitment. Although spiritual leadership positively affects prevention focus, however, prevention focus will not influence change commitment. 3. The differences of respondents¡¦ profiles will make effects on spiritual leadership, calling/meaning, membership, regulatory focus and change commitment.

In an altering world of work where change is inevitable, and with the vast growth of a technological era unknown to mankind and which leaves the human factor behind, there is an outcry for leaders leading by example. Leaders today have a responsibility towards their followers by leading with their hearts, souls and minds, whilst intrinsically motivating their followers. Spiritual leaders are individuals who live by their values, ethics and attitudes, who intrinsically motivate themselves as well as their followers, whilst instilling a sense of belonging and membership in the organisation. When a leader demonstrates these qualities, it increases the psychological wellbeing, productivity and morale of the employee, adding towards the triple bottom-line of people, planet and profit, whilst at the same time reducing absenteeism. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a spiritual leadership questionnaire in the South African context. A quantitative, random probability sampling survey design was utilised in construction organisations in the Gauteng and Northern Cape Provinces, reaching a sample size of 221 participants. By making use and adapting the Spiritual Leadership Theory Questionnaire, the Spirituality Scale, the Religious Involvement Questionnaire and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, a biographical questionnaire was used to develop the Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire on a 4-point Likert scale. Participation was completely voluntary. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to verify whether the constructs measured the latent variable of spiritual leadership, while Structural Equation Modelling with the application on the Mplus program was used to confirm the relationships between the constructs, and to determine the validity and reliability of the latent variables. Acceptable item reliability was found in a three-factor model, namely spirituality, vision/hope/faith, and altruism. The results indicated practical and statistically significant relationships between the latent variable spiritual leadership and the constructs spirituality, vision/hope/faith and altruism. Recommendations followed, as well as indications for future research. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

In an altering world of work where change is inevitable, and with the vast growth of a technological era unknown to mankind and which leaves the human factor behind, there is an outcry for leaders leading by example. Leaders today have a responsibility towards their followers by leading with their hearts, souls and minds, whilst intrinsically motivating their followers. Spiritual leaders are individuals who live by their values, ethics and attitudes, who intrinsically motivate themselves as well as their followers, whilst instilling a sense of belonging and membership in the organisation. When a leader demonstrates these qualities, it increases the psychological wellbeing, productivity and morale of the employee, adding towards the triple bottom-line of people, planet and profit, whilst at the same time reducing absenteeism. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a spiritual leadership questionnaire in the South African context. A quantitative, random probability sampling survey design was utilised in construction organisations in the Gauteng and Northern Cape Provinces, reaching a sample size of 221 participants. By making use and adapting the Spiritual Leadership Theory Questionnaire, the Spirituality Scale, the Religious Involvement Questionnaire and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, a biographical questionnaire was used to develop the Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire on a 4-point Likert scale. Participation was completely voluntary. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to verify whether the constructs measured the latent variable of spiritual leadership, while Structural Equation Modelling with the application on the Mplus program was used to confirm the relationships between the constructs, and to determine the validity and reliability of the latent variables. Acceptable item reliability was found in a three-factor model, namely spirituality, vision/hope/faith, and altruism. The results indicated practical and statistically significant relationships between the latent variable spiritual leadership and the constructs spirituality, vision/hope/faith and altruism. Recommendations followed, as well as indications for future research. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1987. / Abstract. Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 184-206.

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This is the report of a Delphi study designed to identify the characteristics, behaviors, and work environments of spiritual leaders. A panel of philosophers, writers, business leaders, non-profit leaders, religious leaders, educators, and politicians was purposefully recruited to participate in the study. Data gathered from the panel were analyzed with the Maykut and Morehouse (1994) constant comparative method and descriptive statistics to identify characteristics, behaviors, and work environments of spiritual leaders. The panel-identified characteristics and behaviors of spiritual leaders were grouped into three themes: interpersonal, intrapersonal, and religious. Work environments in which spiritual leaders can be effective were grouped into six themes: community-building, person-centered, product-oriented, principle-driven, religious, and mission/purpose-driven. The interpersonal descriptors are predominant in the findings, supporting the conclusion that spiritual leadership is interpersonal in nature in an enhanced way. Although writers have emphasized that spiritual leadership is separable from religion, the panelists accepted 13 descriptors in religious categories, indicating that they had difficulty separating spiritual religious leadership from a secular counterpart. The findings incorporate the concepts of meaning, community, and integrity presented in a theory of spiritual leadership created for this study, but the findings go well beyond the concepts in the theory. To be more reflective of reality, the theory must be expanded to emphasize the other-orientation of spiritual leaders. The expanded theory and the enriched concepts within it may have benefit to practitioners and future researchers interested in exploring the practice and study of spiritual leadership. Two tools were created from the findings. One tool is a self-assessment that leaders may use to compare their leadership style with that of spiritual leaders. The second tool may be used by leaders to assess whether their work environments promote the effectiveness of spiritual leaders. Researchers may find the tools useful as initial measures of the characteristics, behaviors, and environments of spiritual leaders. / Ph. D.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka av värderingarna inom spiritual leadership som framträder i ledarskapet hos ledare i Sverige och om det finns en indikation av spiritual leadership i deras ledarskap. Den teoretiska referensramen grundar sig i ledarskapets betydelse i kvalitetsutveckling, värderingar inom ledarskap och spiritual leadership. Det vetenskapliga förhållningssättet är hermeneutiskt, ansatsen induktiv och datainsamlingsmetoden är mixad metod bestående av både enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Resultatet visar att alla värderingar baserade i spiritual leadership används av ledarna och upplevs även av medarbetarna. Dock finns det en diskrepans mellan ledarnas och medarbetarnas syn på vilka som är mest och minst förekommande. Det finns också en diskrepans kring i hur stor utsträckning som värderingarna upplevs förekomma i ledarskapet. Slutsatsen är att det finns tendenser till viss indikation på spiritual leadership genom att alla värderingar inom spiritual leadership upplevs i ledarens beteende både ur ledarnas- och medarbetarnas perspektiv. Det behövs dock mer djupgående forskning för att till fullo avgöra i vilken grad ett spirituellt ledarskap används bland svenska ledare. / The purpose of the study was to investigate which of the values of spiritual leadership emerges in the leadership of leaders in Sweden, and if there is an indication of spiritual leadership in their leadership. The theoretical framework is based on the importance of leadership in quality management, leadership values and spiritual leadership. The scientific approach is hermeneutic, inductive and the data collection method is a mixed method consisting of both questionnaire and interviews. The resultshows that all values based on spiritual leadership are used by the leaders and are also experienced by the employees. However, there is a discrepancy between the leaders and the employees' views on which ones are the most and least common. There is also a discrepancy around the extent to which values are perceived to occur in leadership. The conclusion is that there are tendencies to some indication of spiritual leadership due to that all values of spiritual leadership are experienced in the conduct of the leader, both from the leaders and the employees perspective. However, more in-depth research is required to fully determine the extent to which a spiritual leadership is used by Swedish leaders. / <p>2018-06-27</p>

Cette thèse s’appuie sur le cadre théorique du « leadership spiritual » , le Spiritual Leadership Theory (SLT). En s’appuyant sur le SLT nous explorons trois perspectives différentes: laique, religieux et eco-humaniste. Pour le faire, nous mobilisons un modèle de Leadership Spirituel : le Spiritual Leadership Model (SLM). La thèse comporte trois études. La première étude a pour objectif de transposer le modèle SLM à un contexte particulier: l’Islam. La deuxième étude, empirique, étudie le cas d’une entreprise d’Arabie Saoudite. Au travers du modèle théorique développé dans la première étude : l’ ILM. La troisième étude, empirique, explore la présence de spiritualité dans une organisation française exerçant son activité principale dans le commerce équitable. / The purpose of this dissertation is to link spiritual leadership in three diverse organizational environments-secular, religious (Islam) and eco-humanist (Fair Trade)- through a specific model of spiritual leadership, the Spiritual Leadership Model (SLM).The task is undertaken through three studies. Study 1 proposes a theoretical transposition of the SLM into Islam. The result of this transposition is the creation of an Islamic leadership model, the Islamic Leadership Model (ILM). Study 2 is a qualitative theory testing case study. It tests the ILM in an Islamic organization in Saudi Arabia. Study 3 is a qualitative theory building case study. First, it argues that spirituality can help Fair Trade to avoid dilution of its message and business. Second, this theoretical proposition is explored in a french coffee Fair Trade organization.

In the United States, African-American residents are an underserved population with evidence of higher health disparities than those associated with any other race, contributing to escalating health care costs. Despite the absence of health promotion and wellness training, pastors in predominately Black churches accept the responsibility for addressing more than the spiritual needs of their church members. The purpose of this qualitative grounded theory research study was to explore the perspectives of African-American Christian pastors on giving health guidance and their lived experiences as health promotion advocates. A total of 10 African-American Christian pastors were voluntarily recruited from 3 southern U.S. states using both purposeful and theoretical sampling strategies. Interviewing was the main data collection method. Social cognitive theory along with grounded theory were used to examine the interactions based on participants' points of view, and inductive analysis was also used. The results indicated that pastors have knowledge of their congregational members' health challenges and goals and have achieved positive health outcomes. The pastors also agreed that seminary should incorporate more information on health and wellness into the curriculum. These findings suggest that pastors, who are faith-based resources outside of health care systems, need to be educated, equipped, guided, and groomed as health leaders to assist efforts to reduce or eliminate health care disparities. Members of the clergy, their church members, and surrounding community residents would all benefit from the knowledge, understanding, and development of skills to change their unhealthy lifestyle habits and effective self- management of chronic diseases to achieve positive health outcomes.