Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / Hearing impairment contributes significantly to the global burden of disabilities and has reported to be a prevalent disability in South Africa. The hearing impaired population has been associated with low levels of oral health due to numerous factors concomitant with reduced oral health care and knowledge. This predisposes these persons to oral disease including periodontal disease. Aim: To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and the associated factors in adults with hearing impairment in designated facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. Objectives: 1. To determine the oral health care practices in adults with hearing impairment. 2. To determine oral health knowledge of adults with hearing impairment. 3. To determine the frequency of dental visits of adults with hearing impairment and identify any associated barriers. 4. To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in adults with hearing impairment in designated facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. 5. To determine the relationship between the prevalence of periodontal disease and associated factors including; sociodemographic factors, oral health care practices, oral health knowledge and frequency of dental visits in adults with hearing impairment. Methodology: A quantitative, analytical cross-sectional study design was employed. A research questionnaire was used to evaluate oral health care practices, oral health knowledge, frequency of dental visits and related barriers to access oral health care. An intra-oral examination was conducted to determine the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) using the Ramjford six teeth. Data was analysed in Microsoft Excel and StataCorp using frequencies, means, standard deviations, confidence intervals, Chi-square and Fishers exact tests. Results: The prevalence of gingivitis was 100% and the prevalence of periodontitis was 26.09% amongst hearing impaired adults. The mean gingival index score (GI) was 1.24 (STD±0.49; 95% CI: 1.14-1.35) and the mean plaque index score (PI) was 1.3 (STD±0.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.4). Periodontitis prevalence was established for those participants presenting with an average clinical attachment loss (CAL) of >3mm and the mean clinical attachment loss was 4.47mm (STD ±1.41; 95% CI: 4.18-4.76mm) for those presenting with evidence of periodontitis. Age was statistically significant (p<0.05). Prevalence of periodontitis was evident amongst participants over the age of 35 years with a mean age of 48years (STD±13). Oral health care showed a lack of the use of dental floss and regular dental visits. Access to dental care was compromised primarily due to communication barriers, dental fear and a low priority of oral health. Conclusion: The necessity of oral health care and oral health knowledge in hearing impaired adults such as education and motivation for the need of dental flossing, the use of fluoridated toothpastes and the benefits of regular dental visits, must be emphasized. Oral health care workers should strive to intensify efforts to facilitate a favourable periodontal health status amongst hearing impaired adults.

Bakgrund: Sju till 20 % av den svenska befolkningen har omfattande benförlust och 40 % har kronisk parodontit. Gingivit och viss förlust av tändernas stödjevävnader ses hos nästan alla vuxna. Syfte: Syftet med journalstudien var att beskriva parodontalt status hos patienter som undersökts av tandhygieniststuderande på tandhygienistprogrammet, Högskolan Kristianstad. Metod: En empirisk studie med kvantitativ metod har använts. Data från 103 patientjournaler har sammanställts. Resultat: Resultatet baseras på patienter med en ålder mellan 21-83 år. På patientnivå var medelvärdet för antal tänder 26,2, plackindex 45,7 % och blödningsindex 23,6 %. Tandköttsfickor 5-6 mm var vanligast vid tänderna 48 (13 %) och 38 (11,4 %). Tandköttsfickor &gt;6 mm förekom vanligast vid tänderna 38 (2,3 %) och 26 (2 %). Slutsats: Medelvärdet för plackindex ligger mycket högt (45,7 %) och står inte i proportion till blödningsindex (23,6 %). Tandköttsfickor &gt;6 mm var sällsynt och var vanligast förekommande vid molarer. Tandköttsfickorna tenderade att vara djupare posteriort i munnen och hos äldre individer. / Background: Seven to 20 % of the Swedish population have extensive bone loss and 40 % have chronic periodontitis. Gingivitis and some loss of tooth supporting tissues are seen with almost all adults. Aim: The aim of the journal study was to describe periodontal status in patients who were examined by dental hygiene students at the Dental Hygienist Programme at the University of Kristianstad. Method: An empirical study was done using a quantitative method. Data from 103 patient records were compiled. Result: The result is based on patients between the ages of 21-83. At the patient level, the mean value of teeth was 26,2, plaque index 45,7 % and bleeding index 23,6 %. Periodontal pockets 5-6 mm were most common in the teeth 48 (13 %) and 38 (11,4 %). Periodontal pockets &gt;6 mm were most common in the teeth 38 (2,3 %) and 26 (2 %). Conclusion: The mean plaque index is very high (45,7 %) and is not in proportion to the bleeding index (23,6 %). Periodontal pockets &gt;6 mm were rare and most common at molars. Gingival pockets tended to be deeper posterior in the mouth and in older individuals.

Periodontitis is inflammatory and infectious disease on attachment tissue of teeth and it is one of principal reason for tooth loss. Periodontal treatment consists on scaling and root planning associate with high standard oral hygiene with aim of reduce periodontal inflammation levels. Stability of attachment levels is a major aim to be achieved after periodontal treatment conclusion. Although periodontal treatment effectivity and need in cooperate with supportive periodontal treatment (SPT) be well established in literature, a little is known about periodontal status and follow-up of individuals who use philanthropic service. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal status of individuals treated/retreated on a philanthropic service. At first, 77 individuals who did periodontal treatment after a mean of 3.5 years were evaluated. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected by structured interview. Periodontal variables evaluated were: Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and Bleeding on Probing (BoP). Individuals who showed high percentage of BoP (≥25%) were lead to retreatment. The final exam was done, in mean, 2.4 years after retreatment and individuals were categorized on three groups: did not receive any dental retreatment (NDentT); received some dental treatment, except periodontal (DentT); and those who received periodontal retreatment (PerioRT). The group which received periodontal retreatment had lower GI mean when compared with group that did not receive any dental treatment (P<0.05), however, they stayed with high BoP percentages. Mean of PlI, PD, BoP and CAL were not different among groups (P≥0.05). It was not observed difference on disease progression among the groups (P≥0.05). Although individuals have possibility of a free dental treatment, those who were retreated at this place showed no significant changes on BoP percentage and PD≥5mm with BoP percentage. These results may be related to the fact patients did not return to do regular and individualized STP. / Periodontite é uma doença infecto-inflamatória que acomete os tecidos de suporte dos dentes e uma das principais responsáveis por perdas dentárias. Seu tratamento consiste na raspagem e alisamento radicular associado à medidas de higiene bucal adequadas, com objetivo de reduzir os níveis de inflamação periodontal. Estabilidade dos níveis de inserção é um dos maiores objetivos a serem alcançados após a conclusão do tratamento periodontal. Embora a efetividade do tratamento periodontal e da cooperação com a manutenção periódica preventiva (MPP) estejam bem estabelecidas na literatura, pouco se sabe sobre as condições periodontais e o acompanhamento de indivíduos atendidos no serviço filantrópico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar longitudinalmente a condição periodontal de indivíduos tratados/retratados em uma unidade de serviço filantrópico. Inicialmente, 77 indivíduos foram avaliados, em média, 3,5 anos após o tratamento periodontal. Dados demográficos e socioeconômicos foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista estruturada. Os parâmetros periodontais avaliados foram Índice de Placa (IPl), Índice Gengival (IG), Profundidade de Sondagem (PS), Nível de Inserção Clínica (NIC) e Sangramento à Sondagem (SS). Indivíduos que apresentaram altas porcentagens de sangramento à sondagem (≥25%) foram encaminhados para retratamento. O exame final foi realizado, em média, 2,4 anos após o retratamento e os indivíduos foram categorizados em três grupos: não receberam tratamento odontológico (NTOd); receberam tratamento odontológico, exceto periodontal (TOd); receberam retratamento periodontal (RPeriod). O grupo RPeriod apresentou menor média de IG quando comparado ao grupo NTOd (P<0,05), porém, manteve altas porcentagens de SS. As médias de IPl, PS, SS e NIC, assim como a progressão da doença, não diferiram entre os três grupos (P≥0,05). A despeito da possibilidade de acesso a um serviço filantrópico sem custo, os indivíduos que foram retratados nesse serviço não apresentaram alterações significantes na porcentagem de sítios com SS e com PS≥5mm +SS. Esses resultados podem estar relacionados ao fato de que esses indivíduos não retornaram para realizar MPP de maneira regular e de forma personalizada.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la dieta vegana y la autopercepción del estado periodontal en la población vegana de Lima Metropolitana, Perú.  Materiales y Métodos: Un total de 240 personas (120 veganas y 120 no veganos) fueron encuestadas en este estudio durante los meses de agosto a diciembre del año 2020 de manera virtual. Para evaluar la autopercepción del estado periodontal y hábitos de higiene oral se utilizó el autoreporte de enfermedad periodontal, el cual se encuentra validado con un alfa de cronbach de 0.77. Además, se evaluaron otras variables como la edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico, grado de estudio, consumo de tabaco. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con estimador robusto de varianza para la asociación de las variables y se reportaron razones de prevalencia en un modelo crudo y ajustado. El nivel de confianza fue al 95% y el de significancia fue de p <0.05. Resultado: Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la apariencia de encías rojizas y/o hinchadas (RP=0.67; IC 95%:0.25-0.54) y la mala percepción del estado de las encías (RP=0.43; IC 95%:0.33-0.56) con la dieta vegana. Por último, para la dimensión de sangrado de encías durante el cepillado no se observó diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las personas veganas y no veganas.  Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación entre la dieta vegana con las dimesiones apariencia de encías rojizas y/o hinchadas y mala percepción del estado de las encías de la autopercepción del estado periodontal. / Objective: To determine the association between vegan diet and self-perceived periodontal status in the vegan population of Lima Metropolitan, Peru.  Materials and Methods: A total of 240 people (120 vegans and 120 non-vegans) were surveyed in this study during the months of August to December 2020 in virtually way. To evaluate the self-perception of periodontal status and oral hygiene habits, the self-report of periodontal disease was used, which is validated with a cronbach's alpha of 0.77. In addition, other variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic level, educational level, and tobacco consumption were evaluated. . Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used both for the association of the variables and prevalence ratios were reported in a crude and adjusted model. The confidence level was 95% and the significance level was p <0.05. Result: A statistically significant association was found between the appearance of reddish and / or swollen gums (PR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.25-0.54) and poor perception of the state of the gums (PR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.33-0.56) with the vegan diet. Finally, for the gum bleeding dimension during brushing, no statistically significant differences were observed between vegans and non-vegans. Conclusions: An association was found between the vegan diet with the appearance of reddish and / or swollen gums and poor perception of the state of the gums of the self-perception of the periodontal state. / Tesis