Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Duane L. Davis / Intestinal absorption of colostral leukocytes (CL), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and porcine umbilical cord matrix stem cells (PUC) was analyzed in neonatal pigs. Maternal CL have previously been demonstrated in pigs, and maternal PBMC have been observed in calves to enter neonatal circulation after ingestion. PUC are primitive stem cells that are easily isolated from Wharton's jelly of the porcine umbilical cord. These cells do not have an immunogenic effect on the host upon initial transplantation. The general characteristics of PUC may allow them to serve as a delivery system to the neonate. Cellular migration through the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was assessed using confocal microscopy. In vitro experiments utilized an organ explant culture system to determine the trafficking of labeled cells. Small-intestine tissue was collected from stillborn and sacrificed neonates. All three cell types (CL, PBMC, and PUC) were detected below the luminal surface, after 72 h of culture with media, and regardless of whether explants were from stillborns or live-born pigs. In vivo trafficking was assessed using neonatal pigs that were fed PBMC isolated from their mother or PUC from an unrelated pig. The effect of prior exposure to 25% acellular colostrum (AC) in medium was evaluated for both cell types. Piglets were euthanized 8 h or 24 h post feeding and sections of the small intestine collected. Both PBMC and PUC were found in all intestinal samples. Exposure to AC had no detected effect on the ability of either cell type to attach and migrate into the tissue. Labeled PUC were detected on the surface of the epithelium and in the lamina propria 8 h post treatment. PBMC were observed on the surface of the epithelium, in the lamina propria, and superficial submucosa 8 h following ingestion. In neonates sacrificed 24 h post treatment, both PUC and PBMC were observed on the surface of the epithelium, in the lamina propria, superficial submucosa, and deep submucosa of the small intestine. PUC and PBMC were noted at the apex, intermediate between the apex and the base, or at the base of the villus.

O carcinoma epidermoide é a neoplasia maligna mais comum em boca e está entre as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, devido a seu comportamento agressivo, evoluindo à metástase loco regional e a distância. O microambiente tumoral contém numerosos tipos celulares e muita atenção tem sido dada na literatura científica sobre a participação das células inflamatórias no desenvolvimento e progressão do câncer, pois as células neoplásicas são capazes de subverter a resposta imune. Os linfócitos T são o componente central na imunidade antitumoral, através da produção de citocinas por células e morte celular. Pouco se sabe sobre como substratos derivados de células neoplásicas influenciam as células no microambiente tumoral. Assim, o presente estudo propôs analisar a influência do meio condicionado derivado de células de carcinoma epidermoide de língua (SCC4 e MC SCC9) sobre linfoblastos (CEM) e células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMC-A e PBMC-B) para compreender melhor seu papel na imunidade anti-tumoral, imunoedição e evasão imune. Após estimulação com meio condicionado, os linfoblastos e as PBMCs foram submetidas ao ensaio de viabilidade celular, de citometria de fluxo e RT-qPCR para analisar a expressão de genes de apoptose e citocinas. O meio condicionado também foi coletado e avaliado por ELISA para verificar as citocinas secretadas pelas SCCs, bem como pela CEM e PBMC. Ambos meios condicionados foram capazes de reduzir a viabilidade da CEM e das PBMCs. A expressão de BCL2 e BAK não foi afetada na CEM, enquanto que MC SCC4 aumentou a expressão de BAK na PBMC-B. Os MCs das SCCs apresentaram expressão reduzida de IL-1?, IL-10 e INF-?. A IL-6 e IL-8 são expressas em níveis um pouco maiores pela SCC4 e superexpressas pela SCC9. A linhagem CEM não apresentou expressão de RNAm de IL-6, enquanto que a PBMC-B apresentou redução da expressão de IL-6 quando cultivada com ambos meios, sendo significativa com o meio MC SCC9. A expressão de RNAm de IL-8 reduziu na CEM e aumentou na PBMC-B com ambos os meios. A diferenciação para células CD4+ aumentou com ambos os MCs nas duas linhagens, reduzindo células CD34+. O MC SCC4 não alterou o número de linfócitos T CD4+/FOXP3+ da CEM e PBMC-B. O MC SCC9 induziu aumento da população CD4+/CD8+ na PBMC-B e amos os MCs induziram aumento da população CD8+/FOXP3+ da PBMC-B. Os resultados sugerem que os produtos derivados de carcinoma epidermoide de língua podem variar nas linhagens celulares, reduzindo a viabilidade, alterando a expressão de citocinas e aumentando as células CD4+ nas duas linhagens e aumentando o perfil CD8+/FOXP3+ e CD4+/CD8+ nas PBMCs. / Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, featuring as one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality due to its aggressive behavior, locoregional and distant metastases. Attention has been given to the tumor microenvironment and the role of the inflammatory cells may develop in the progression of cancer, because neoplastic cells are capable of subverting the immune response. T cells play is a central actor in the antitumor immunity because of their cytokine production by living and dying cells. Little is known about how the products derived from neoplastic cells interact with the cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the influence of a conditioned medium (CM) derived from tongue squamous carcinoma cells (SCC4 and SCC9) on lymphoblasts (CEM) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC-A e PBMC-B), in order to better understand its role in the antitumor immunity, immunoediting and immune evasion. Lymphoblast and PBMCs were stimulated by the conditioned medium and then submitted to a cell viability assay, flow cytometry and RT-qPCR in order to analyze the expression of apoptotic and cytokine-related genes. To verify which cytokines were secreted by SCCs as well as by CEM and PBMCs, the conditioned medium was also collected and evaluated by ELISA. Both types of conditioned medium reduced CEM and PBMC viability. For CEM, BCL2 and BAK expression remained unaffected, wherea s for PBMC-B there was an increase in the expression of BAK using the CM-SCC4. CMs showed reduced expression of IL-1?, IL-10 and INF-?. IL-6 and IL-8 are expressed a bit higher levels by SCC4 and high expressed by SCC9.CEM showed no IL-6 mRNA expression. PBMC-B reduced the expression of IL-6 when cultivated with both types of CM, with a significant reduction with the CM- SCC9. For both types of medium, IL-8 mRNA was reduced in CEM and increased in PBMC-B. The differentiation towards CD4+ cells was increased with both MCs in the two cell lines. CM-SCC4 did not altered the number of CD4+/FOXP3 cells of CEM and PBMC-B. CM-SCC9 increased the population of CD4+/CD8+ cells of PBMC-B and both types of CM increased the population of CD8+/FOXP3+ of PBMC-B. Collectively, our results suggest that the products derived from tongue squamous cell carcinoma may vary between the cell lines and reduce the viability, change cytokine expression and increase CD4+ cells and also increase the population of CD8+/FOXP3+ and CD4+/CD8+ in PBMCs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEANDRO DOBRACHINSKI.pdf: 1309361 bytes, checksum: 9ed7a6a6c3ff40cb207d958b59532e76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-13 / Venomous snakes have a real cocktail of pharmacological active substances and drugs that act powerfully against microorganisms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the potential cytotoxic activity of Caudisona durissa terrificus venom in mononuclear cells (MNC) of peripheral human blood. After obtaining MNC for cell culture, the cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of crude venom was evaluated. The peripheral blood MNC were separated using a density gradient and were incubated (2x105 cells/well) with different venom concentrations (50, 5, 0,5, 0,05, 0,005 e 0,0005 µg/mL) for different times (1, 3, 6, 24, 48 e 72h) and in different substrates (PHA, IL lly examining the plates after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Was also observed with different concentrations of crude venom induced ADN fragmentation in MNC. We observed that the toxicity of crude C. d. terrificus venom varies proportionally with concentration, i.e., the higher the concentration, the higher its cytotoxicity. For this reason the 0.0005µg/mL concentration of crude Caudisona durissa terrificus venom presented the lowest cytotoxic activity in peripheral human blood MNC and that the fragmentation of cellular ADN was not seen in this study. Thus, it is suggested to employ two or more different assays to confirm the induction of cell death is occurring through apoptosis. / Serpentes peçonhentas produzem uma variedade de toxinas altamente citotóxicas. Possuem um verdadeiro coquetel de substâncias farmacológicas, tornando-se uma , que atualmente vem sendo utilizados por inúmeros pesquisadores, para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos com potente ação contra microorganismos. O presente estudo visou avaliar a potencial atividade citotóxica da peçonha de Caudisona durissa terrificus em células mononucleares (CMN) do sangue periférico humano, in vitro. Após a padronização da obtenção de CMN para cultivo celular, foi realizada a avaliação do efeito citotóxico de diferentes concentrações do veneno bruto. As CMN do sangue periférico foram separadas por meio gradiente de densidade e incubadas (2x105 células/poço) com diferentes concentrações do veneno (50, 5, 0,5, 0,05, 0,005 e 0,0005 µg/mL), em diferentes tempos (1, 3, 6, 24, 48 e 72h) e substratos (PHA, IL 2). A avaliação da atividade citotóxica do veneno foi realizada, por meio da leitura das células em câmara de neubauer, após 24, 48 e 72 horas. Em conclusão, foi possível identificar que a citotoxicidade do veneno bruto de C. d. terrificus varia de forma proporcional à concentração, ou seja, quanto maior a concentração do veneno, maior a sua citotoxicidade. Com isso, a concentração de 0,0005µg/mL do veneno bruto de Caudisona durissa terrificus, neste experimento, apresentou uma baixa atividade citotóxica em CMN de sangue periférico humano e que a fragmentação do DNA celular não foi visualizada neste estudo. Desta forma, sugere-se empregar dois ou mais ensaios distintos para confirmar se a indução da morte celular está ocorrendo por meio de apoptose.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARILISSA MACIEL MAINERI.pdf: 1118474 bytes, checksum: eb4934dbea4478c904915745c3e64da5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 / Venomous snakes have a real cocktail of pharmacological active substances and drugs that act powerfully against microorganisms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the potential cytotoxic activity of Caudisona durissa collilineata venom in mononuclear cells (MNC) of peripheral human blood. After obtaining MNC for cell culture, the cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of crude venom was evaluated. The peripheral blood MNC were separated using a density gradient and were incubated (2x105 cells/well) with different venom concentrations (50, 5, 0,5, 0,05, 0,005 e 0,0005 µg/mL) for different times (1, 3, 6, 24, 48 e 72h) and in different substrates (PHA, IL visually examining the plates after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Was also observed with different concentrations of crude venom induced ADN fragmentation in MNC. We observed that the toxicity of crude C. d. collilineata venom varies proportionally with concentration, i.e., the higher the concentration, the higher its cytotoxicity. For this reason the 0.0005µg/mL concentration of crude Caudisona durissa collilineata venom presented the lowest cytotoxic activity in peripheral human blood MNC and that the fragmentation of cellular ADN was not seen in this study. Thus, it is suggested to employ two or more different assays to confirm the induction of cell death is occurring through apoptosis. / Serpentes peçonhentas produzem uma variedade de toxinas altamente citotóxicas. Possuem um verdadeiro coquetel de substâncias farmacológicas, tornando-se uma , que atualmente vem sendo utilizados por inúmeros pesquisadores, para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos com potente ação contra microorganismos. O presente estudo visou avaliar a potencial atividade citotóxica da peçonha de Caudisona durissa collilineata em células mononucleares (CMN) do sangue periférico humano, in vitro. Após a padronização da obtenção de CMN para cultivo celular, foi realizada a avaliação do efeito citotóxico de diferentes concentrações do veneno bruto. As CMN do sangue periférico foram separadas por meio gradiente de densidade e incubadas (2x105 células/poço) com diferentes concentrações do veneno (50, 5, 0,5, 0,05, 0,005 e 0,0005 µg/mL), em diferentes tempos (1, 3, 6, 24, 48 e 72h) e substratos (PHA, IL 2). A avaliação da atividade citotóxica do veneno foi realizada, por meio da leitura das células em câmara de neubauer, após 24, 48 e 72 horas. Em conclusão, foi possível identificar que a citotoxicidade do veneno bruto de C. d. collilineata varia de forma proporcional à concentração, ou seja, quanto maior a concentração do veneno, maior a sua citotoxicidade. Com isso, a concentração de 0,0005µg/mL do veneno bruto de Caudisona durissa collilineata, neste experimento, apresentou uma baixa atividade citotóxica em CMN de sangue periférico humano e que a fragmentação do DNA celular não foi visualizada neste estudo. Desta forma, sugere-se empregar dois ou mais ensaios distintos para confirmar se a indução da morte celular está ocorrendo por meio de apoptose.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSE VITELIO RUIZ RIVERO.pdf: 2033176 bytes, checksum: d4ea9284ff8bc2e6c776e40cb6b237fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-20 / Snake venoms are biological resources of great pharmaceutical value. Besides presenting a small number of antiviral drugs, a large amount of pathogens develop mechanisms which escape from the action of the drugs, thus causing the growth of resistance. It was demonstrated that biomolecules contained in venoms have high therapeutic values which could be used as antimicrobial agents. The objective of this research is to evaluate the non cytotoxic activity which was isolated from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In this research, mononuclear cells were separated from healthy donors. After the activation of the cells with phytohemagglutinin and interleukin-2, different concentrations of the poison were added in order to evaluate its non cytotoxic activity. The concentration of the venom at 0.05 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity, but at 5 and 0.5 mg/mL it was cytotoxic. Our study opens the way to further researches which aim to identify the antimicrobial activities of crude venoms and their fractions. / Os venenos ofídicos são recursos biológicos de importante valor farmacológico. Além do número pequeno de drogas antivirais, numerosos patógenos desenvolvem mecanismos de escape à ação das drogas, resultando no crescimento das taxas de resistência. Foi demonstrado que biomoléculas contidas nos venenos ofídicos apresentam alto valor terapêutico, que poderiam ser usadas como agentes antimicrobianos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a atividade não citotóxica do veneno bruto isolado da Bothrops jararacussu em células mononucleares do sangue periférico. Nessa pesquisa foram separadas células mononucleares de doadores sadios. Após ativação das células com fitohemaglutinina e interleucina-2 foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações do veneno para avaliar sua atividade não citotóxica. O veneno na concentração de 0,05 μg/mL não apresentou citotoxicidade, entretanto foi citotóxico nas concentrações de 5 e 0,5 μg/mL. Nosso estudo abre caminho para novas pesquisas voltadas para a identificação das atividades antimicrobianas dos venenos brutos e suas frações.

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the United States. Although it is recognized that moderate intensity long-term exercise can decrease the chances of dying from cardiovascular disease by favorably modifying risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance, physical activity also enhances longevity by mechanisms independent of these risk factors. This review briefly summarizes what is known about the inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis and how long-term aerobic exercise can reduce the atherogenic activity of endothelial cells, blood mononuclear cells, and adipose tissue.

The local release of complexed siRNA from biomaterials opens precisely targeted therapeutic options. In this study, complexed siRNA was loaded to gelatin microparticles cross-linked (cGM) with an anhydride-containing oligomer (oPNMA). We aggregated these siRNA-loaded cGM with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to microtissues and stimulated them with osteogenic supplements. An efficient knockdown of chordin, a BMP-2 antagonist, caused a remarkably increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the microtissues. cGM, as a component of microtissues, mineralized in a differentiation medium within 8–9 days, both in the presence and in the absence of cells. In order to investigate the effects of our pre-differentiated and chordin-silenced microtissues on bone homeostasis, we simulated in vivo conditions in an unstimulated co-culture system of hMSC and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC). We found enhanced ALP activity and osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion in the model system compared to control microtissues. Our results suggest osteoanabolic effects of pre-differentiated and chordin-silenced microtissues.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that is transmitted through certain bodily fluids and compromises the immune system of its host. Despite the emergence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) converting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection from a fatal disease to a chronic condition, there is still no cure. ART frequently reestablishes peripheral CD4+ T cell counts, but persistent immune dysfunction and inflammation strongly correlate with increased risks of attaining non-AIDS morbidity and mortality. Elimination of this reservoir may occur by the proposed mechanism of combining latency-reversing agents (LRAs) with immune effectors, such as CD8+ T cells (Meås et al., 2020). Here, our study investigates Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR 7/8) superagonists that may act as potent, effective latency reversal agents (LRAs). Whether this will prove to be the case needs to be further studied, and potential adverse toxicities must be identified. Whether comparable results will be observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with HIV-1 as in our study using PBMCs infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) remains to be tested. Our results provide further hope for a potential cure for HIV-infected individuals.

A doação de plaquetas por aférese é um procedimento automatizado que permite a obtenção deste hemocomponente em grande quantidade e com ato grau de pureza; deste processo obtém-se um subproduto chamado Câmara de Leucorredução (CLR) que é descartado ao final da doação. São permitidas até 24 doações/ano; porém as possíveis consequências de doações frequentes para esses doadores são pouco investigadas. Assim, foram identificados e quantificados os leucócitos de doadores de plaquetas frequentes e de 1ª vez. Também foi avaliada a viabilidade do uso das células mononucleares da CLR para pesquisas. Observou-se mais células na CLR que no sangue e que a frequência das populações é similar. O estado de ativação e a capacidade funcional (proliferação e produção de citocinas) foram similares entre CLR e sangue, assim como a taxa de apoptose espontânea. Entre doadores frequentes e de primeira vez não houve diferença no número de leucócitos, sugerindo que doações recorrentes não alteraram as populações leucocitárias. / Plateletpheresis is an automatized procedure to obtain high purity platelet for transfusions. From this procedure its possible to obtain a byproduct: The Leukoreduction system chamber (LRSC), which is discarded at the end of donation process. This type of donation allows 24 donation/year, but the consequences of frequent donations are poorly investigated. Therefore, we identified and quantified leukocytes of frequent and first time platelet donor. Also, was evaluated the viability, for research, of mononuclear cells recovery from LRSC. The total number of mononuclear cells was higher in LRSC than in peripheral blood samples, but the frequencies were similar in all the samples. Activation state and functional capacity (measured by cell proliferation and cytokine production) were similar in both, blood and LRSC mononuclear cells, as well as spontaneous apoptosis. Among frequent (6 or more donations in 1 year) and first time donor, there was no difference in the leukocyte total number, suggesting that frequent donation do not modify these cells.

A esclerose múltipla (EM), doença neurodegenerativa do sistema nervoso central (SNC) com característica auto-imune e inflamatória, com eventos iniciais, bem como a evolução da EM. É uma doença heterogênea (três principais formas clínicas) e multifatoriais. A imunidade inata demonstrou recentemente ser um fator importante na EM e as variantes genéticas dos componentes do inflamassoma têm sido associadas a doenças autoimunes e neurodegenerativas, com isso hipotetizamos que o inflamassoma e suas citocinas IL-1Beta e IL-18, podem representar importantes contribuintes na patogênese da EM e eventualmente explicar, pelo menos em parte, a heterogeneidade observada em pacientes com EM. Fizemos uma análise multivariada que foi realizada com base na forma clínica (recorrente remitente/RR, primária progressivo /PP ou secundário progressiva /SP, índice de gravidade (EDSS) e índice de progressão (IP). Os monócitos do sangue periférico (PBMC) dos pacientes foram examinados para ativação do inflamassoma (Produção de IL-1Beta e IL-18, clivagem de caspase-1). Com os objetivos de avaliar a contribuição do inflamassoma na EM, em termos de (a) efeito genético sobre o desenvolvimento, gravidade e / ou prognóstico, e (b) ativação complexa de células de sangue periférico como uma forma de avaliar a inflamação sistêmica. Para isso, utilizamos variantes genéticas funcionais em componentes do inflamassoma, que foram analisadas em uma coorte de pacientes com EM, pelo uso de ensaios específicos de alelos e qPCR. A analise multivariada resultou em associação com a variante -511C / T IL1B ganho de função, sendo essa mais frequente em formas progressivas (especialmente SP) do que em RR. A variante de ganho de função NLRP3 Q705K resultou mais frequente em pacientes com EDSS > 3 do que em pacientes com EDSS < 3 e, consequentemente, esse SNP está associado a um IP mais elevado. A análise de PBMC mostrou que as células de indivíduos EM, são mais propensas a responder a um estímulo NLRP3 clássico (isto é, LPS) do que as dos doadores saudáveis. Em conjunto, esses achados indicaram que os pacientes com EM apresentam uma desregulação no inflamassoma NLRP3, podendo ser avaliada no sangue periférico facilitando um prognóstico, e que esse perfil pode ser secundário a um mecanismo genético pró-inflamassoma / The multiple sclerosis (MS), neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with autoimmune and inflammatory characteristics, with initial events, as well as the evolution of MS, are heterogeneous (three main clinical forms) and multifactorial. Innate immunity has recently been shown to be an important factor in MS and the genetic variants of the components of inflammassoma have been associated with autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, thereby hypothesizing that the inflammassoma and its IL-1Beta and IL-18 cytokines may represent important contributors in the pathogenesis of MS and possibly explain, at least in part, the heterogeneity observed in MS patients. We performed a multivariate analysis that was performed based on clinical form (recurrent recurrent / RR, progressive primary / PP or progressive secondary / SP, EDSS and progression index.) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients were examined for inflammatory activation (IL-1Beta and IL-18 production, caspase-1 cleavage). With the objectives of evaluating the contribution of inflammassoma in MS in terms of (a) genetic effect on development, severity and / or prognosis, and (b) complex activation of peripheral blood cells as a way of assessing systemic inflammation. For this, we used functional genetic variants in components of the inflammassoma, which were analyzed in a cohort of MS patients, through the use of specific allele and qPCR assays. For this, we used functional genetic variants in components of the inflammassoma, which were analyzed in a cohort of MS patients, through the use of specific allele and qPCR assays. Multivariate analysis resulted in association with the -511C / T IL1B function gain, which is more frequent in progressive forms (especially SP) than in RR. The gain variant of NLRP3 Q705K function was more frequent in patients with EDSS > 3 than in patients with EDSS < 3 and, consequently, this SNP is associated with a higher PI. PBMC analysis showed that cells from MS individuals are more likely to respond to a classical NLRP3 (ie LPS) stimulus than healthy donors. Taken together, these findings indicated that patients with MS have a dysregulation in the NLRP3 inflammassoma and can be evaluated in the peripheral blood facilitating a prognosis and that this profile may be secondary to a pro-inflammatory genetic mechanism