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Permafrost thaw slumping along lakeshores in lakes of the Mackenzie Delta Uplands, NT is known to alter water chemistry significantly. Its impact on benthic communities and persistent organic pollutant (POP) behaviour in lakes is not known. Benthic invertebrate communities responded to slumps through changes to community composition and size spectra. Larger taxa tended to dominate in lakes with slumps. Variability in biomass size spectra was related to total dissolved nitrogen concentration and slump size. Concentrations of POPs in Gammarus were negatively correlated with total phosphorus and positively correlated with the percentage of the catchment slumped. Lakes with slumps generally had higher mean concentrations of POPs in Gammarus (ex. ΣPCBsDisturbed = 27.54 ng/g lipid, ΣPCBsUndisturbed = 16.97 ng/g lipid; ΣDDT Disturbed =18.47 ng/g lipid and ΣDDTUndisturbed =10.86 ng/g lipid). Benthic invertebrate biomass was also negatively correlated with concentrations of contaminants in Gammarus, supporting the biomass dilution hypothesis. Thaw slumps have large enough impacts on the physico-chemical characteristics of lakes that they alter benthic invertebrate community composition and size-structure, and contaminant concentrations in Gammarus.

La théorie de l'homologie généralise en dimensions supérieures la notion de connectivité dans les graphes. Étant donné un domaine, décrit par un complexe simplicial, elle définit une famille de groupes qui capturent le nombre de composantes connexes, le nombre de trous, le nombre de cavités et le nombre de motifs équivalents en dimensions supérieures. En pratique, l'homologie permet d'analyser des systèmes de données complexes, interprétés comme des nuages de points dans des espaces métriques. La théorie de l'homologie persistante introduit une notion robuste d'homologie pour l'inférence topologique. Son champ d'application est vaste, et comprend notamment la description d'espaces des configurations de systèmes dynamiques complexes, la classification de formes soumises à des déformations et l'apprentissage en imagerie médicale. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les ramifications algorithmiques de l'homologie persistante. En premier lieu, nous introduisons l'arbre des simplexes, une structure de données efficace pour construire et manipuler des complexes simpliciaux de grandes dimensions. Nous présentons ensuite une implémentation rapide de l'algorithme de cohomologie persistante à l'aide d'une matrice d'annotations compressée. Nous raffinons également l'inférence de topologie en décrivant une notion de torsion en homologie persistante, et nous introduisons la méthode de reconstruction modulaire pour son calcul. Enfin, nous présentons un algorithme de calcul de l'homologie persistante zigzag, qui est une généralisation algébrique de la persistance. Pour cet algorithme, nous introduisons de nouveaux théorèmes de transformations locales en théorie des représentations de carquois, appelés principes du diamant. Ces algorithmes sont tous implémentés dans la librairie de calcul Gudhi. / The theory of homology generalizes the notion of connectivity in graphs to higher dimensions. It defines a family of groups on a domain, described discretely by a simplicial complex that captures the connected components, the holes, the cavities and higher-dimensional equivalents. In practice, the generality and flexibility of homology allows the analysis of complex data, interpreted as point clouds in metric spaces. The theory of persistent homology introduces a robust notion of homology for topology inference. Its applications are various and range from the description of high dimensional configuration spaces of complex dynamical systems, classification of shapes under deformations and learning in medical imaging. In this thesis, we explore the algorithmic ramifications of persistent homology. We first introduce the simplex tree, an efficient data structure to construct and maintain high dimensional simplicial complexes. We then present a fast implementation of persistent cohomology via the compressed annotation matrix data structure. We also refine the computation of persistence by describing ideas of homological torsion in this framework, and introduce the modular reconstruction method for computation. Finally, we present an algorithm to compute zigzag persistent homology, an algebraic generalization of persistence. To do so, we introduce new local transformation theorems in quiver representation theory, called diamond principles. All algorithms are implemented in the computational library Gudhi.

Reactive Black 5 and Procion Red MX 5B, an azo and anthraquinone dye repectively were decoulorized by mean of microorganisms growing on wood chips. The process consisted of three reactors, two anaerobic reactors and one aerobic reactor. The anaerobic process was used in order to make it possible to break the nitrogen bond of the azo group, (-N=N-) and the aerobic one to increase the possibility for the degradation of possible intermediates. After pumping wastewater through the system it was shown that mixtures or Reactive Black 5 and Procion Red MX 5B were efficiently decolourised at 50 mg/l as well as 200 mg/l of each of the dyes.

Orientador: Amir Ordacgi Caldeira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:19:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trevisan_ThaisVicta_M.pdf: 4124547 bytes, checksum: 599b58df77b4451dd1db391d5d3f78fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Na presença de um campo magnetico externo, um anel, com resistencia eletrica nao nula, sustenta uma corrente eletrica sem dissipacao, desde que ele seja sufientemente pequeno (com um diametro da ordem de micrometros ou nanometros), altamente puro e mantido a baixisimas temperaturas. Trata-se de um fenomeno quantico, devido a coerencia entre os eletrons do sistema. Uma corrente desse tipo tambem esta presente em moleculas aromaticas: um loop de corrente se estabelece no anel aromatico e e o responsavel pela anisotropia da susceptibilidade magnetica dessas moleculas. Atualmente, esses aneis de corrente sao utilizados como um criterio para aromaticidade. Assim sendo, o transporte de corrente eletrica em sistemas meso e microscopicos e um assunto de grande interesse tanto para a Fisica, quanto para a Quimica. Nessa Dissertacao de Mestrado, estudamos o transporte de corrente eletrica em aneis discretos, unidimensionais, de 3 [<ou =] N [<ou=] 6 sitios e Ne [<ou=] 2N eletrons. Esses aneis podem ser vistos como moleculas bastante simplificadas, de modo que o sistema de seis sitios com seis eletrons corresponde a um prototipo da molecula de benzeno. Propomos um modelo microscopico com a finalidade de obter um estado fundamental transportador de corrente nesses aneis. O nosso modelo consiste de uma extensao do Hamiltoniano de Hubbard, com um termo extra de interacao inter-eletronica, postulado de maneira ad hoc. Os resultados obtidos a partir do nosso modelo, bem como uma possivel origem e interpretacao para o termo extra de interacao sao apresentados ao longo desse trabalho / Abstract: In the presence of an external magnetic feld, a ring, with finite electrical resistance, supports a dissipationless electric current, provided that the ring is small enough (its diameter must be of the order of some micrometer or nanometer), clean and cooled down to very low temperatures. It is a quantum phenomena, due to the high electronic phase coherence in this system. A current like this can also be seen in aromatic molecules: a loop of current is established in the aromatic ring and it is the responsible for the high anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of these molecules. Nowadays, these ring currents are used as a criteria for aromaticity. Therefore, the electrical transport properties in mesoscopic and microscopic systems is a subject of great interest both in Physics and Chemistry. In this thesis, we study the electrical transport in some discrete and unidimensional rings with 3 [<or=] N [<or=] 6 sites and Ne [<or=] 2N electrons. These rings can be seen as simplified molecules and the ring with six sites and six electrons is our prototype for the benzene molecule. We propose a microscopic model for obtaining a current-carrying ground state in these rings. Our model consists of a extension of the Hubbard Hamiltonian, with an ad hoc extra term for the interaction between the electrons of the system. The results obtained from our model as well as a possible origin and interpretation of the extra interaction term are presented throughout this work / Mestrado / Física / Mestra em Física

Apesar de os defensivos agrícolas atualmente classificados como Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (POPs) terem sua produção e uso banidos na maior parte do mundo desde a década de 1980, o gerenciamento de estoques remanescentes permanece um desafio até a atualidade. Com estimativas que variam entre 500 mil (FAO, 2015) e 2 milhões de toneladas (VIJGEN et al., 2011), poucas informações sobre seu efetivo gerenciamento e destruição são encontradas nas principais bases de dados acadêmicas sobre o tema e nos documentos oficiais da Convenção de Estocolmo sobre Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes. O Brasil integra a lista de signatários da Convenção, mas a fabricação, o armazenamento e o uso dos agrotóxicos POPs foram proibidos em 1985, por meio da Portaria do Ministério da Agricultura nº 329. Este abrupto banimento do armazenamento colocou o agricultor brasileiro imediatamente fora da lei, uma vez que não foram planejadas medidas e procedimentos legais para dar destino adequado aos produtos que ainda estivessem em estoque nas propriedades rurais. De forma independente da Convenção de Estocolmo e das ações nacionais relacionadas a este tratado, dois estados brasileiros elaboraram programas para o levantamento de estoque dos defensivos agrícolas banidos e planejamento de sua destinação. Finalizado em 2013, o Paraná incinerou cerca de 1.200 toneladas que estavam estocadas em mais de 2.000 propriedades rurais do estado. São Paulo finalizou o inventário em 2012, resultando em 420 toneladas estocadas em aproximadamente 330 propriedades rurais. O grupo de trabalho paulista planejou as etapas seguintes e em abril de 2016, o projeto se encontrava em fase de alocação de recursos para execução das fases finais de acondicionamento, transporte e destinação. A proposta deste projeto de pesquisa é apresentar como Paraná e São Paulo gerenciaram os estoques remanescentes de agrotóxicos banidos há décadas, avaliando como os grupos de trabalho foram formados, as normativas de apoio utilizadas, como foram realizadas as etapas de levantamento de inventário e de que forma foram planejadas, financiadas, comunicadas e executadas as etapas de coleta, acondicionamento, transporte e destinação. Dessa forma, busca-se contribuir para um aumento de conhecimento prático sobre o tema e para a construção de uma política pública para gerenciamento de agrotóxicos banidos em outros estados brasileiros. / Although the pesticides currently classified as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have had their production and use banned in most of the world since the 1980s, the management of remaining stocks remains a challenge to the present. With estimates ranging from 500,000 (FAO, 2015) and 2 million tons (Vijgen et al., 2011), little information about its effective management and destruction are found in major academic databases on the subject and official documents of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Brazil is one of the signatories but the manufacture, storage and use of pesticides POPs were banned in 1985 by the Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 329. However, this abrupt ban put the Brazilian farmers immediately outside the law since the government did not plan measures and legal procedures to give proper destination to the products that were still in stock on farms. Independently of the Stockholm Convention and the National Plans related to this treaty, two Brazilian states have developed programs to inventory banned pesticides and plan their destination. Finished in 2013, Paraná State incinerated about 1,200 tons that had been stored in more than 2,000 rural properties. Sao Paulo finished its inventory in 2012 resulting in 420 tons stored in about 330 rural properties. The São Paulo working group has planned the next steps and, in April 2016, the project was waiting for resource in order to implement the final stages of packaging, transport and disposal. The purpose of this research is to present as Parana and Sao Paulo managed the remaining stocks of banned pesticides evaluating how the working groups were formed, the support normative used, how the inventory has been planned and carried out and how the projects have financed, communicated and executed the steps of collection, packaging, transportation and disposal. Thus, it is expected to contribute to increase the practical knowledge on the topic and to construct a public policy for pesticide management banned in other Brazilian states.

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