Social and economical development of human society, in this case on the example of Czech republic, logicaly leads to improvement and invention of new individual protection instruments. Maximum protection in proportion to the lowest mobility limitation is the purpose. Diploma thesis explains, firstly, the basic concepts to make clear, what the issue concerns and getting better understanding for people.. It also deals with clothing comfort for firefighters. Clothing comfort can be divided into four groups and as the complex of essential for proper performance and convenience of trespassing firefighter. It is a condition where the optimal physiological functions of the body and neither clothing nor the environment does not create discomfort. Next section of diploma thesis describes the personal protective equipment to protect life and health trespassing firefighter and thereby increase its work in various special occurrences. Each unit of firefighters should be equipped with personal protection equipments, and instructed on how their use it, maintenance and periodic inspection. Another section of the theoretical part is devoted to the means of individual protection, which also protects the body of firefighter and his respiratory system. There are the types of breathing apparatus and a description of the knowledge that a firefighter must have to use the breathing apparatus to be optimized in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and do not endanger the life of the user. Term minute ventilation is there also explained. Each person has a unique minute ventilation, which is very individual and depends on the work performed. Next point is the kinds of chemical protection suits, which are used during interventions, where the environment is contaminated with hazardous substances. The work of firefighters affects also negative effects. This issue is discussed in the next chapter, which describes the negative effects caused by the occurrence itself and the negative effects caused by climatic conditions at the location. The particular hierarchy of the fire brigade described in the next section, that deals with the General Directorate of Fire Rescue, the Fire Corps Rescue of country and fire protection units and their categories. The types of hazardous substances under the Chemicals Act and in accordance with the Order of chemical services are the last point of the theoretical part. The experiment is described and evaluated in practical part of diploma thesis which was attended by seven firefighters from the firefighter station Petřiny. Firefighters had to gradually undergo a prescribed route, they passed each time using a different suit. In order to avoid skewing the results, the firefighters between attempts to allow sufficient time for stale and soothe the body. They were obtained evaluation parameters in this way that were in the part of result processed and evaluated for total and average air consumption. The values, that were obtained, were subsequently processed into tables and graphs and the results were solved by using comparison and statistical methods. Conclusion of the work is devoted to the evaluation of the optimal protection of the firefighters, proposing measures for improvement and verification of the hypothesis that the performance of member of Prague rescue service is limited by individual protective means in extreme climatic conditions and load performance.

Submitted by DIEGO LOBON JIMENEZ FILHO null (jfilho2015@gmail.com) on 2016-11-29T16:57:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Diego_Lobon_Jimenez_Filho.pdf: 3364578 bytes, checksum: 8e70ceb974949881166a72cb68d4f112 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-30T18:48:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jimenezfilho_dl_dr_jabo.pdf: 3364578 bytes, checksum: 8e70ceb974949881166a72cb68d4f112 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-30T18:48:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jimenezfilho_dl_dr_jabo.pdf: 3364578 bytes, checksum: 8e70ceb974949881166a72cb68d4f112 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo geral do estudo foi avaliar os riscos sanitários associados ao uso de fontes exógenas de hormônios sexuais nos programas de sincronização e indução de ovulação “Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo (IATF)”, “Transferência de Embriões em Tempo Fixo (TETF)”, "Superestimulação ovariana (SOV)” sobre a saúde coletiva e meio ambiente. Para isto, o trabalho foi dividido em quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo apresenta as considerações gerais sobre legislação, período de carência, equipamentos de proteção individual, grupos de risco e resíduos sólidos de saúde. No segundo capítulo o objetivo foi avaliar o conhecimento e a percepção de risco dos criadores de bovinos e médicos veterinários na utilização de hormônios e determinar os possíveis riscos para a saúde coletiva. Neste experimento foram entrevistados 65 criadores e 40 médicos veterinários que utilizavam hormônios nos programas de reprodução assistida em bovinos (IATF, TETF, SOV). A análise de correspondência múltipla foi processada com os fatores socioeconômicos (escolaridade, tempo na atividade) e a percepção de risco no uso de hormônios reprodutivos. A totalidade dos criadores entrevistados afirmaram que “os estabelecimentos que comercializam produtos veterinários não exigiram prescrição veterinária para a venda dos hormônios”. Os “períodos de carências” na carne e no leite eram desconhecidos por 69,2% dos criadores e por 65% dos médicos veterinários. Dos profissionais que afirmaram conhecer a informação, apenas dois a citaram corretamente. O “uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI)” durante a manipulação dos hormônios foi declarado por 56,9% dos criadores e 92,5% dos médicos veterinários, sendo “as luvas de procedimentos” o EPI mais utilizado. Ao serem questionados sobre “o grupo de pessoas inaptas à manipulação hormonal”, 21,5% dos criadores e 62,5% dos médicos veterinários afirmaram conhecer o grupo de risco. Houve associação entre criadores com “ensino superior” e “tempo na atividade menor que 5 anos” com a variável “conhece o grupo de pessoas que não deve manipular hormônios” (p < 0,01). O fator socioeconômico dos médicos veterinários “mais de 11 anos na atividade” também apresentou associação com a variável “conhece o período de carência” (p < 0,05). O terceiro capítulo teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento dos criadores e médicos veterinários sobre o descarte dos resíduos sólidos de saúde (RSS) e avaliar a possível contaminação ambiental durante a lavagem dos dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona. Foram consideradas questões socioeconômicas e sobre o descarte dos RSS. Além das entrevistas, foram realizadas análises de progestinas na água utilizada na lavagem dos dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona. As progestinas foram extraídas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e analisadas por espectrometria de massas sequencial (MS/MS). Dos 65 criadores, 18,5% disseram ter “recebido orientação de como promover o descarte dos RSS”, entretanto, apenas um criador entrevistado promove o “correto descarte desse material”. A prática de queima dos RSS é realizada por 86% dos criadores. A quantidade de progesterona que sobrou no resíduo da água utilizada na lavagem dos dispositivos foi de não detectável a 515 µg/kg. O quarto capítulo traz orientações para manuseio dos hormônios reprodutivos e orientações para o descarte dos resíduos sólidos de saúde gerados durante os programas de reprodução assistida em bovinos. Por fim, conclui-se que existe falta de informação entre criadores e médicos veterinários sobre os períodos de carências dos hormônios, a importância do uso de EPI na sua manipulação, o grupo de pessoas que não deve manipular os hormônios, a exigência da prescrição veterinária para compra dos fármacos e o modo de descarte dos RSS gerados durante os protocolos hormonais. / The overall objective of this study was to investigate health risks associated to manipulation of exogenous sources of sex hormones for ovulation induction and synchronization, such as through “fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI)”, “fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET)”, "over-stimulation of the ovary (SOV)”; evaluating potential effects on public health and to the environment. For this purpose, we divided this study into four chapters. The first describes current legal considerations, withholding periods, personal protective equipment (PPE), risk groups and health solid wastes. In the second chapter, it was aimed to test the knowledge and perception of cattle raisers and veterinaries on the use of hormones, as well as determining potential risks against public health. In this part, hormone users, among 65 breeders and 40 vet doctors, from a bovine assisted-reproduction program were surveyed (using FTAI, FTET, and SOV methods). Multiple-correspondence analysis was performed on socioeconomic factors as education level and experience time, as well as on respondents’ perception of risk regarding manipulation of reproductive hormones. All of the surveyed farmers said that no requirement of prescriptions by vet facilities to the purchasing of hormones. Surprisingly, meat and milk withholding periods were unknown by 69.2% breeders and 65% veterinarians. Of the professionals who claimed to know the information, solely two of them specified it correctly. PPE use while handling hormones was stated by 56.9% raisers and 92.5% vets, among which surgical gloves was mostly used. When questioned about the inability of some people to manipulate hormones, 21.5% farmers and 62.5% doctors declared being aware of such risk group. Interestingly, one can note an association between higher-education breeders working less than 5 years in the activity to the variable "knowledge of the group risk for hormonal manipulation (p < 0.01). Veterinarians with more than 11 years in the activity were also associated to the variable "knowledge on withholding period" (p < 0.05). The third chapter aims at evaluating the knowledge of veterinarians and breeders on the disposal of health solid waste (HSW), as well as ascertaining potential environmental contamination during washing out of intravaginal progesterone devices. Furthermore, socioeconomic issues regarding the HSW disposal were also taken into consideration. In addition to the surveys, progestin analyses were made in water used in the washing of intravaginal progesterone devices. Progestin was extracted by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). From the 65 surveyed farmers, 18.5% declared they had "been oriented on how to dispose HSW"; however, only one performs it properly. Nearly 86% raisers perform the burning of HSW. Nonetheless, the amount of progesterone left in wastewater from washings was of an undetectable level (515 µg/kg). The fourth chapter come out with guidelines on HSW disposal during reproductive-hormone manipulation in bovine assisted-breeding programs. Finally, we may conclude that there is a lack of information among breeders and veterinarians on withholding periods for hormones, PPE use importance during manipulation, group of people unable to manipulate hormones, veterinarian prescription requirement for drug purchasing and disposal manner of HSWs generated during hormone protocols. / CNPq: 142282/2013-8

Abstrakt Inledning: Nya coronavirus har under de senaste årtionden uppstått och bidragit till allvarliga luftvägssjukdomar. SARS-CoV-2 är det senaste coronaviruset och har brutit ut globalt som en pandemi. Sjukdomen har fått namnet COVID-19 och har orsakat ett högt antal dödsfall i många länder. Röntgensjuksköterskan är en av de första som träffar patienter med misstänkt eller bekräftad COVID-19 då röntgen är en viktig del i sjukdomens utredning. Striktare åtgärder måste vidtas för att förhindra smittspridning samt minska risken att fler människor insjuknar och dör. Syfte: Att kartlägga och sammanställa vilka förutsättningar som möjliggör röntgensjuksköterskans arbete med att förhindra smittspridningen av coronavirus på röntgenavdelningen. Metod: Examensarbetet genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes i Cinahl och PubMed. Resultat: Röntgensjuksköterskans åtgärder presenteras under tre teman: organisatoriska åtgärder, kompetensåtgärder för röntgensjuksköterskan och skyddsåtgärder mot viruset. Slutsats: Röntgensjuksköterskan riskerar att bli smittad och därmed föra smittan vidare till övriga samhället, så därför är det viktigt att korrekta skyddsåtgärder vidtas. För att minska smittspridning måste strikt införande av handhygien tillämpas och personlig skyddsutrustning som visir eller skyddsglasögon, ett N95 eller högre andningsskydd, skyddshandskar och långärmat förkläde användas. Coronaviruset utgör ett stort globalt hot mot folkhälsan och beslutsfattare måste förstå allvaret och påskynda striktare insatser, så att röntgensjuksköterskan kan hantera den pågående pandemin. / Abstract Introduction: Novel coronaviruses have emerged in recent decades and contributed to serious respiratory diseases. SARS-CoV-2 is the latest coronavirus and has spread around the world as a pandemic. The disease has been named COVID-19 and has caused a high number of deaths in many countries. The X-ray nurse is one of the first to see patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 as the X-ray examination is an important part of the disease investigation. Stricter measures must be taken to prevent the spread of infection and to reduce the risk of more people becoming ill and dying. Aim: To map and compile measures that the X-ray nurse can take to prevent the spread of coronavirus in the radiology department. Method: The degree project was conducted as a literature review based on 13 scientific articles searched in Cinahl and PubMed. Results: The X-ray nurse's measures are presented under three themes: organizational measures, competence measures for the X-ray nurse and protective measures against the virus. Conclusion: The X-ray nurse risks becoming infected and thus passing the infection on to the rest of society, therefore it is important that correct protective measures are taken. To reduce the spread of infection, strict hand hygiene requirements must be applied and personal protective equipment such as visors or goggles, an N95 or higher respiratory protection, protective gloves and a long-sleeved apron must be used. The coronavirus poses a major global threat to public health and policy makers need to understand the seriousness and accelerate stricter efforts so that the X-ray nurse can deal with the ongoing pandemic.

No description available.

Background. The amount of waste generated each year is increased, research indicates that 79 % of plastic waste is dumped in landfills, 12% to incinerated and 9% of the plastics are recycled. At the beginning of the year 2020, an increase in personal protective equipment (PPE) was noted as a direct result of the Covid-19 pandemic that spread around the world. As a foundation to the waste problem in society, VolvoGroup presented its zero mission goals. The zero missions goals were to be captured in a problem space provided by Volvo. A problem space that students at Blekinge Institute of Technology and Stanford University were set out to find a solution to. Objectives. The objectives of this thesis were through the Design Thinking strategy to find solutions that are circular and applied as a PSS. The goal is to apply a circular system of which Volvo Group can apply in their line of work, also to transition this solution into other areas, e.g. healthcare. Methods. For research measures, the Design Research Methodology was used to frame the research and Design Thinking to frame the design process. Results. The result presented is a machine that can provide Volvo Group or healthcare with circular single-use gloves. The circular aspects are enabled by a certain material, allowing the created system to be circular. The system is applied as a product-service system, enhancing the availability of gloves in either healthcare or inside Volvo Group. Conclusions. The circular system applied as a PSS satisfies the goals by Volvo Group by reducing waste generated, increasing availability of protective equipment, thus increasing the safety of users in need of PPE. The created circular system has the potential to be applied in other areas than waste management and healthcare, which can be proved through future research. / Bakgrund. Mängden sopor som slängs ökar för vart år som går. Forskning visar att79% av all plast som slängs går till deponi, 12% går till förbränning och resterandemängd plast (9%) återvinns. Under år 2020 har förbrukningen av skyddsartiklar av engångstyp ökat på grund av den Covid-19-pandemi som bröt ut i början av året. Den ökade förbrukningen har sin tur medfört nedskräpning av skyddsartiklar i naturen i en ökad omfattning. Till följd av detta har Volvo Group utformat ett uppdrag i syfte att få hjälp med att nå sin nollvision. Visionen innebär att utsläpp, olyckor och produktionsstopp ska upphöra helt och hållet. Uppdraget tilldelades en gruppstudenter på Blekinge Tekniska Högskola och Stanford University. Studenterna fick i uppgift att angripa problemet och komma med en lösning som uppfyller företagets nollvision. Syfte. Syftet med denna rapport är att genom design thinking- strategin finna en lösning som kan skapa ett cirkulärt system och appliceras som ett produkt-servicesystem (PSS). Målet är att kunna applicera detta system inom Volvo koncernen, men att även kunna presentera möjligheten att göra systemet tillämpningsbart inom sjukvården. Metod. I rent forskningssyfte användes Design Research Methodology för att rama in forskningen som skedde parallellt med utvecklingsprocessen. Utvecklingsprocessen följde ramarna för Design Thinking som presenterar olika typer av verktyg för design och utveckling av en produkt. Resultat. Det resultat som presenteras i denna rapport är ett cirkulärt system applicerat i en form av en PSS. Det som möjliggör detta system är ett material som tillåter reproduktion av engångshandskar som går att applicera inom sophanteringsindustrin. Detta indikerar även på att ett likande system kan medföra att sjukvården kan bli självständig i sitt användande av skyddsutrustning. Slutsatser. Ett cirkulärt system som uppfyller Volvos nollvision genom att skydda deras arbetare sluter ett kretslopp för en typ av skyddsutrustning. Det leder även tillökad tillgänglighet av utrusning. Detta system har potentialen att appliceras inom sjukvården i form av ett centraliserat system på sjukhus som tillför mindre enheter med tillverkade handskar.

The purpose of this study was to find out problems encountered by Foskor Mine workers in Phalaborwa with the use of personal protective equipment and also to find out how these problems can be prevented or solved. A quantitative research study was done using a questionnaire as a data gathering tool on workers who are exposed to occupational injuries and illnesses and who use personal protective equipment for their protection. The findings revealed that even though workers were using personal protective equipment they still got occupational injuries and illnesses. They also had problems with their protective equipment like incompatible types of personal protective equipment, such as weight where heavy personal protective equipment like boots were issued and very hot or cold personal protective equipment incompatible with the temperature of the environment. Some personal protective equipment like gloves were of a wrong size and caused allergy. In some instances unavailability of or unsuitable personal protective equipment posed challenges to these workers. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

The purpose of this study was to find out problems encountered by Foskor Mine workers in Phalaborwa with the use of personal protective equipment and also to find out how these problems can be prevented or solved. A quantitative research study was done using a questionnaire as a data gathering tool on workers who are exposed to occupational injuries and illnesses and who use personal protective equipment for their protection. The findings revealed that even though workers were using personal protective equipment they still got occupational injuries and illnesses. They also had problems with their protective equipment like incompatible types of personal protective equipment, such as weight where heavy personal protective equipment like boots were issued and very hot or cold personal protective equipment incompatible with the temperature of the environment. Some personal protective equipment like gloves were of a wrong size and caused allergy. In some instances unavailability of or unsuitable personal protective equipment posed challenges to these workers. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

The thesis, entitled "Analysis of safety in transport and servicing of transport facilities for the selected companies" deals with safety and work-related injuries in transportation and servicing of transport facilities. Occupational injury is caused by a set of several interacting factors. These factors are known as the main source and cause of work-related accidents, which affect the formation of accidents. The most important element in the protection of health and safety is prevention. To evaluate the risks is one of the fundamental principles of the concept of occupational health and safety policy that is enforced in all countries espousing the principles of safe enterprise. The need to protect the health of the individual is already firmly established even in the most basic legal document such as the Constitution of the Czech Republic. The aim of this work is to analyze the factors that are involved in causing accidents at work and on the basis of the analysis, to provide rules and recommendations for farms so that they serve as an aid in the elimination of induced injuries.

The diploma thesis deals with the protection of personnel in cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, focusing on non-medical healthcare workers - anesthetist nurses. The aim of the work was to analyze the knowledge of anesthesia nurses in the use of personal protective equipment, the specifics of selection for the given performance, the use of an electrocautery with integrated suction, the availability of decontamination aids In case of an accident of cytotoxic substances and if the staff is afraid of their own health. The data was obtained through a questionnaire. For the research were selected anesthesia nurses working in operating theaters in selected health care facilities in the Czech Republic. The total number of respondents who participated in the research was 35. The results of the survey revealed that the staff did not find out what PPEs are recommended for this type of operation. It's either because the staff is less linguistically equipped or does not know EBN / EBP or EBM. The staff only uses those PPEs that are available to them. As a good result, 49% of respondents use an integrated electric exhaust system. With regard to the availability of decontamination aids, I have found that most of the staff does not know whether these utilities are available at...

Bakgrund: Pandemin orsakad av Covid-19 har tvingat intensivvården till stora omställningar. Som del av restriktioner för att reducera risk för smittspridning måste skyddsutrustning användas vid patientkontakt med smittad patient. Användandet av skyddsutrustning har introducerat tankar på hur den vårdande relationen mellan patient och intensivvårdssjuksköterska påverkats.  Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelse av hur arbetet i skyddsutrustning under pågående pandemi påverkat den vårdande relationen med patienten. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Intervjuerna låg vidare till grund för analys enligt tolkande fenomenologisk analys (IPA).  Resultat: Fyra överordnade teman framträdde ur analysen. I temat fokus på kommunikation framkom olika sätt skyddsutrustningen påverkat kommunikationen. Upplevelsen av avskärmning framkom i temat fokus på distans där närhet uttrycktes som avgörande för en vårdande relation. I temat fokus på lidande beskrevs hur skyddsutrustningen inverkat på lindrande beröring men också att den kan orsaka lidande. Känslor av otillräcklighet i den vårdande relation och maktlöshet inför att inte förmå förändra eller påverka framkom i temat fokus på känslor.  Slutsats: Skyddsutrustningen påverkar den vårdande relationen. Skyddsutrustningen reducerar möjligheten till etablering av vårdande relation vilket riskerar minska patientens möjlighet till delaktighet. Behov föreligger av ytterligare forskning om påverkan med fokus på prevention. Ett organisatoriskt medvetande om skyddsutrustningen inverkan på den vårdande relationen kan ligga till grund för interventioner ämnade att reducera dess negativa påverkan. / Background: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has forced the intensive care to make several adjustments. As part of restrictions to prevent spread of infection personal protective equipment (PPE) has to be used when in contact with infected patients. The use of PPE has introduced questions of its impact on the caring relationship between the patient and intensive care nurse.  Aim: The aim with this study was to illustrate the intensive care nurses experience of how working in PPE during the pandemic has affected the caring relationship with the patient.  Method: Semi- structured interviews was conducted with six intensive care nurses. The interviews served as data for an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).  Results: Four superior themes emerged from the analysis. In the theme focus on communication emerged different way of which the PPE has affected communication. The experience of being shielded emerged in the theme focus on distance where closeness was expressed as essential. In the theme focus on suffering was the PPE´s impact on touch described and also its potential cause of suffering. Emotions of inadequacy in regards to the caring relationship and powerlessness in regards of not being able to change or affect emerged in the theme focus on emotions.  Conclusion: The caring relationship has been affected by the use of PPE. PPE reduces the possibility of establishing a caring relationship which endangers the patient’s active participation. There is need for further research about affect with focus on prevention. An organizational awareness regarding PPE´s effect on the caring relationship could lay the foundation for interventions supposed to reduce its negative impact.