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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Comparação da ação de princípios ativos incorporados a um enxaguatório bucal na prevenção/controle da erosão dental / Comparison of action of an oral rinse embedded with active principles to prevention/control of dental erosion

Tatiane Alexandre de Oliveira 11 September 2012 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar, in vitro, empregando diferentes métodos de análise, a ação de superfície de alguns enxaguatórios bucais experimentais para a prevenção/controle da erosão dental causada por ácido clorídrico incorporando-se diferentes princípios ativos. Um enxaguatório bucal experimental sem aditivos, um enxaguatório para erosão disponível comercialmente, Elmex Erosion® (AmF/NaF/SnCl2) (ELM), e um enxaguatórios acrescidos de 4 diferentes aditivos foram testados quanto a sua capacidade de proteção contra erosão em um modelo de erosão-remineralização, onde as variáveis resposta foram a alteração da micro e da nanodureza e as quantidades de cálcio e fosfato liberadas em solução, determinadas por espectrometria de emissão óptica. Os aditivos utilizados foram: Caseína (CAS 5 g/L), Hexametafosfato de sódio (HMP 0,2 g/L), Tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4 3,4g/L) e Fluoreto estanhoso (SnF2 8,7g/L). Espécimes de esmalte bovino foram incluídos em resina acrílica e polidos. Esses foram distribuídos nos grupos (n=8) e ciclados da seguinte forma: (1) Imersão em 20 ml de ácido clorídrico (HCl) a 0,01M pH = 2,4 por 10 s, (2) imersão em 20 ml de saliva artificial por 60 s, (3) imersão em 20 ml de solução teste por 30 s e (4) imersão em 20 ml de saliva artificial por 60 s. Este ciclo foi repetido por 3 vezes por um dia e as soluções utilizadas foram armazenadas para posterior avaliação. Para microdureza, os espécimes tratados com ELM e SnF2 apresentaram os maiores valores de dureza, os quais foram significantemente diferentes de TiF4, que apresentou o menor valor. O ELM, SnF2, CAS e HMP foram semelhantes estatisticamente ao C. Para nanodureza, o TiF4 apresentou menor valor médio de dureza e significantemente diferente do C. O SnF2, ELM, CAS e HMP apresentaram-se estatisticamente semelhantes ao C. Na análise de perda de cálcio da ciclagem final, ELM e HMP resultaram em menor perda de cálcio e estatisticamente diferentes do C. Na primeira imersão, todos os grupos testados, exceto a caseína, mostraram significantemente menor perda que o C e, na segunda, não foi constatada diferença estatística significante. Na análise de perda de fosfato da ciclagem final, ELM e TiF4 apresentaram as menores perdas de íons, sendo significantemente diferente do C. Na primeira e segunda imersões, somente ELM mostrou-se estatisticamente diferente do C. Conclui-se que o ELM, o HMP e o TiF4 protegeram a superfície de esmalte quanto a perda de íons porém os testes de dureza não detectaram essa proteção. / The objective of this study was to compare, in vitro, using different methods of analysis, the effect on surface of an experimental mouthrinse modified with different active ingredients for the prevention / control of dental erosion caused by hydrochloric acid. An experimental mouthrinse without additives, a commercially available mouthwash for erosion Elmex Erosion ® (AmF/NaF/SnCl2) (ELM) and four mouthrinses added 4 different additives were tested for their ability to protect against erosion in a model of erosion-remineralization, where the response variables were the change of micro-and nanohardness and the quantities of released calcium and phosphate in solution, determined by optic emission spectrometry. The additives used were: casein (CAS 5 g/L), sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP 0.2 g/L), titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4 3.4 g/L) and stannous fluoride (SnF2 8.7 g/L). Bovine enamel specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and polished. They were ramdomily distributed in groups (n=8) and submitted to the following cycle: (1) immersion in 20 ml of 0,01M hydrochloric acid (HCl), pH = 2.4 10 s, (2) immersion in 20 ml of saliva artificial for 60 s, (3) immersion in 20 ml of test solution for 30 seconds and (4) immersion in 20 ml of artificial saliva for 60 s. This cycle was repeated three times during the same day and the solutions were stored for later evaluation. For microhardness, the specimens treated with ELM and SnF2 showed the highest values of hardness, being significant different from TiF4 solution, which presented the lowest value. The ELM, SnF2, CAS and HMP were statistically similar to C. For nanohardness, the TiF4 had the lowest value of hardness, being significant different from C. The SnF2, ELM, CAS and HMP were statistically similar to C. In the calcium analysis after the last cycle, ELM and HMP resulted in less calcium loss, which was significantly different from C. After the first immersion, all groups tested, except casein, showed statistically lower calcium loss when compared to group C and there was no difference in statistical analysis of loss of phosphate in the second. In analysis of phosphate loss after the final cycle, ELM TiF4 showed the lowest losses being significant different from C. After the first and the second cycles, only ELM was statistically different from C. It can be concluded that the ELM, HMP and TiF4 protect the enamel surface against ions loss but the hardness tests could not detect this protection.
12

Frequência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara spp em escolares do município de Fernandópolis- SP, Brasil e análise da contaminação do solo por ovos do parasito / Frequency of anti-Toxocara spp antibody in school children from Fernandópolis-SP, Brazil and analysis of soil contamination by parasite eggs

Alex Jones Flores Cassenote 20 October 2010 (has links)
A toxocaríase é uma zoonose muito difundida em todo o mundo. Trata-se da infecção humana, em especial pelas larvas de Toxocara canis, um nematóide comum de cães. O objetivo do presente estudo foi levantar a soropositividade a anticorpos anti-Toxocara spp, identificar os fatores de risco em grupos de escolares da cidade de Fernandópolis/SP e avaliar a contaminação do solo por ovos desse e de outros geo-helmintos entre os anos de 2007 e 2008. Foi realizado um estudo transversal utilizando-se amostragem complexa e estratificada, por renda, para a avaliação da toxocaríase humana. O método diagnóstico empregado foi o teste de ELISA para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. O estudo da contaminação do solo deu-se por meio da avaliação de amostras de solo de praças, parques públicos e escolas municipais e pela avaliação de amostras de fezes provenientes de 10 praças públicas. Foram avaliados 252 indivíduos em dois estratos, o primeiro representando baixa renda com 120 (47,6%) crianças e o segundo com 132 (52,4%) representando renda elevada. A frequência geral de positividade ao antígeno TES foi de 15,4% (39), sendo 28,3% (34) para o primeiro estrato contra 3,7% (5) do segundo (p<0,000). A exposição à geofagia (exposto OR ajustado 14,65 - IC95% = 2,14 a 89,25 e muito expostos OR ajustado 19,15 a IC95% = 2,96 a 123,94), o hábito de levar objetos à boca (exposto OR ajustado 9,31 - IC95% = 1,63 a 53,03 e muito expostos OR ajustado 42,29 a IC95% = 5,49 a 326,01) e a presença de mais de dois cães em domicílio (OR ajustado 21,25 = 1,7 a 264,87) foram variáveis associadas à positividade. O hábito de lavar as mãos antes das refeições (OR ajustado 0,01 - IC95% 0,00 a 0,05) representou importante fator de proteção. Foram avaliadas 225 amostras de solo, sendo 71% (160) provenientes de praças e parques públicos e 29% (65), de escolas municipais. Foi observado alto grau de contaminação de praças e parques públicos 28,4% (64), ao passo que nas escolas a positividade foi de 1,7% (6). Os parasitos encontrados com maior frequência foram de Toxocara spp 79,6% (47), Trichuris spp 13,5% (8) e ancilostomídeo 6,4% (4). Foram avaliadas ainda 400 amostras de fezes de cães, e observou-se uma positividade de 23,7% (95). Os parasitos observados com maior frequência nas amostras positivas foram ancilostomídeo símile 74,7% (71) e Toxocara canis, 53,6% (51). A positividade a anticorpos anti-Toxocara spp em indivíduos de 1 a 12 anos de idade, provenientes de cinco escolas do município de Fernandópolis/SP, foi relativamente baixa. Os principais fatores de risco/proteção dizem respeito às questões modificáveis como a geofagia, o hábito de levar objetos à boca, a existência de mais de dois cães em domicílio e o hábito de lavar as mãos antes das refeições. Os solos de praças e parques públicos de Fernandópolis/SP e amostras de fezes recolhidas em ambiente estavam altamente contaminados com geo-helmintos zoonóticos e representam fonte de infecção relevante para a população / Toxocariasis is a zoonosis of worldwide occurrence. It is defined as the human infection by larvae of nematodes, especially Toxocara canis, common intestinal parasite of dogs. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of anti-Toxocara spp antibodies, identify risk factors in groups of school children from the city of Fernandópolis/SP and evaluate soil contamination by eggs of this and other geohelminths between 2007 and 2008. It was conducted a cross-sectional study using complex sampling for the assessment of human toxocariasis. The diagnostic method used was the ELISA test for detection of IgG anti-Toxocara spp antibodies. The study of soil contamination was done through evaluation of soil samples from public places, sand boxes of municipal schools and evaluation of dogs stool samples from 10 public places. Two hundred and fifty two children were evaluated in two strata, the first with 120 children (47.6%) from low income families and the second with 132 (52.4%) from high income ones. The overall frequency of antibodies anti-Toxocara spp was 15.4% (39), being 28.3% (34) for the first stratum compared with 3.7% (5) of the second (p <0.000). The exposure to geophagy (exposed: adjusted OR 14.65 - CI 95% = 2.14 to 89.25; very exposed: adjusted OR 19.15 - CI 95%= 2.96 to 123.94), the habit of rising objects up to the mouth (exposed: adjusted OR 9.31 1.63 to 53.03; very exposed: adjusted OR 42.29 - CI 95%= 5.49 to 326.01) and the presence of more than two dogs at home (adjusted OR 21.25 - 1.7 to 264.87) were variables associated with positivity. The habit of washing hands before meals (adjusted OR 0.01 - CI 95% = 0.00 to 0.05) represented an important protective factor. Were evaluated 225 samples of soil: 71% (160) from public places and 29% (65) of municipal schools. It was observed a high contamination of public places with 28.4% (64) being positive, while in school positivity was 1.7% (6). The most frequent parasites eggs found were Toxocara spp 79.6% (47), Trichuris spp 13.5% (8) and Ancylostomatidae 6.4% (4). They were also evaluated 400 fecal samples of dogs and observed a positivity of 23.7% (95). The most frequent parasites observed in positive samples were Ancylostoma simile 74.7% (71) and Toxocara canis 53.6% (51). The anti-Toxocara spp antibodies positivity in school children from Fernandópolis/SP was relatively low. The main factors of risk/protection concern to modifiable issues like geophagy, the habit of rising objects up to the mouth, the existence of more than two dogs at home and the habit of washing hands before meals. The soil of public places of Fernandópolis/SP and feces samples collected from the environment were highly contaminated with zoonotic helminths and represent important source of infection for the population
13

QHALI: estudio de la viabilidad de producción y venta de jabón en láminas a base de aceite de Eucalipto y Aloe vera

Astucuri Vásquez, Karla Elva, Blascano La Hoz, Valeria Nadine de los Angeles, Galvez Bustamante, Marielena, Malpartida Saavedra, Desire Antuanet, Ureta Arroni, Pedro Mauricio 29 November 2020 (has links)
Actualmente, en Perú existe un gran crecimiento por la compra de productos de higiene esto debido a la actual pandemia que se vive, también por el crecimiento de los ingresos de las personas y a su vez tener las facilidades de poder buscar información sobre los insumos utilizados en los productos y tendencias que existen a través de un celular, redes sociales, entre otros medios. ¿Sabía usted que el 80% de la población peruana acude frecuentemente a comprar productos de limpieza e higiene personal? Además, son el género femenino las que lideran la compra habitual de productos de higiene. Sin embargo, en el mercado existen muchos productos con ingredientes que no son naturales y que pueden perjudicar tanto la piel del consumidor a largo plazo y también afectar al medio ambiente. Por ello, se ve que en el mercado han ingresado muchas marcas nuevas especializándose en distintos segmentos y necesidades específicos de cada consumidor. Asimismo, apostando por productos más saludables con insumos que favorezcan a largo plazo el cuidado de la piel y también que contribuyen al cuidado del medio ambiente. Es por ello, que este trabajo está basado en ofrecer una alternativa saludable y natural para una buena higiene personal en el consumidor y además sea un producto práctico de usar y llevar. QHALI es una empresa que se encarga de la elaboración y comercialización de jabones en láminas usando productos naturales como el aceite de eucalipto y el aloe vera. El primero contiene propiedades antibacteriales ofreciendo una buena desinfección y el segundo se encarga de hidratar la piel y no resecar la piel. Este producto además estará en empaques prácticos y fáciles de llevar. / Currently, in Peru there is great growth due to the purchase of hygiene products, this due to the current pandemic that is being experienced, also due to the growth of people's income and in turn having the facilities to search for information on the inputs used in the products and trends that exist through a cell phone, social networks, among other means. Did you know that 80% of the Peruvian population frequently go to buy cleaning and personal hygiene products? In addition, the female gender leads the habitual purchase of hygiene products. However, there are many products on the market with ingredients that are not natural and that can harm both the consumer's skin in the long term and affect the environment. Therefore, it is seen that many new brands have entered the market, specializing in different segments and specific needs of each consumer. Likewise, betting on healthier products with inputs that favor skin care in the long term and contribute to caring for the environment. That is why this work is based on offering a healthy and natural alternative for good personal hygiene in the consumer and is a practical product to use and carry. QHALI is a company that is responsible for the production and marketing of sheet soaps using natural products such as eucalyptus oil and aloe vera. The first contains antibacterial properties offering a good disinfection and the second is responsible for hydrating the skin and not drying the skin. This product will also be in practical and easy-to-carry packaging. / Trabajo de investigación
14

HYGIENE, EATING HABITS AND ORAL HEALTH AMONG CHILDREN IN THREE NEPALESE PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS / HYGIEN, MATVANOR OCH TANDHÄLSA BLAND BARN I TRE STATLIGA GRUNDSKOLOR I NEPAL

Westbacke, Kerstin January 2006 (has links)
Currently, many developing countries are experiencing rising prevalences of caries associated with changes in lifestyle and living conditions. Objectives: To describe the hygiene, eating habits, and oral health status of Nepalese children. Materials and Methods: A stratifiedsample of 231 children 5–7, 11–13, and 15–16 years of age (53% boys, 47% girls) who attended public high schools in the rural area of the Lalitpur District, Nepal was selected. The study was a field study combining a clinical examination (plaque, gingivitis, calculus, and caries) and a questionnaire. The questions concerned sanitary conditions, health support, personal hygiene, tooth cleaning, and eating habits. Results: During the school day, half of the children ate nothing at all. General personal hygiene was associated with tooth-cleaning frequency.Four out of five children in the entire sample cleaned their teeth once/day or more, using their own toothbrush. The use of fluoride toothpaste was rare.More frequent tooth cleaning and lower plaque indices were seen among girls and older children. More plaque was found on the occlusal surfaces of erupting permanent molars than on fully occluded permanent molars. Most children had a low prevalence of manifest caries in the primary and the permanent dentitions. However, every fifth 5–7-yr-old had manifest caries in three or more primary teeth. The occlusal surfaces of molars accounted for almost all registered caries in both dentitions. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of manifest caries was low, the low level of preventive activities may cause an increase in the prevalence of caries, as in other developing countries. The presumed risk scenario needs to be met by comprehensive and systematic health promotion and preventive measures. / Sammanfattning: I många utvecklingsländer sker förändringar av livsstil och levnadsförhållanden med samtidig ökad förekomst av karies. Mål: Att beskriva hygien, matvanor och munhälsa hos nepalesiska barn. Material och Metod: Ett stratifierat urval av 231 barn, som i åldrarna 5-7, 11-13 och 15-16 år (53% pojkar, 47% flickor), elever i statliga grundskolor på landsbygden, Lalitpur distriktet Nepal, användes. Studien utformades som en fältstudie med klinisk undersökning (plack, gingivit, tandsten och karies) kombinerad med en enkätstudie. Frågorna rörde sanitära förhållanden, hälsostöd från hemmet, personlig hygien, tandrengörings- och matvanor. Resultat: Under skoldagen åt hälften av barnen ingenting alls. Allmän personlig hygien var associerad med tandrengörings frekvens. Av alla barn, som användande sin egen tandborste, borstade fyra av fem, en gång om dagen eller mer. Äldre barn och flickor rengjorde tänderna oftare och hade ett lägre plackindex. Mer plack fanns på erupterande molarers occlusalytor jämfört med molarer i full ocklusion. De flesta barnen hade en låg frekvens manifest karies i primära och permanenta bettet. Dock hade en femtedel av 5-7 åringarna tre eller fler manifesta kariesangrepp i primära bettet. Ocklusal karies på molarerna utgjorde nästan all registrerad karies i båda dentitionerna. Slutsats: Låg frekvens av manifest karies, men en låg grad av förebyggande aktiviteter, kan medföra en ökad kariesfrekvens liknande den i andra utvecklingsländer. Den förmodande risken måste bemötas med behovsinriktade och systematiska hälsobefrämjande och preventiva åtgärder. / <p>ISBN 91-7997-151-2</p>

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