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Proxemics, the study of human use of space, had been used by anthropologists in studying cultural patterns and interactions. Hall (1959, 1966) has investigated the specific norms of interpersonal distance and physical contact of several diverse cultures and found them to be quite different between cultures but quite stable within cultures or at least within subcultures. Other investigators have found stable differences in the personal spaced the boundary within which anxiety is produced if another enters^, between the sexes, between schizophrenics and normals (Horowitz, Duff & Stratton, 1964) and between violent and nonviolent prisoners (Kinzel, 1969). The effect of different spatial arrangements on the interaction on a hospital ward (Sommer & Ross, 1958), on table conversations (Sommer, 1959, 1965), in group therapy (Winick & Holt, 1961) and in the counseling situation (Haase, 1970) has been investigated.

This study examined the utility of the conceot of interaction tendency in explaining personal spacing behavior. Interaction tendency v/as defined as an aggregate of feelings about an interaction situation and as a mediator between personal spacing behavior and the kind of associations connected with an interaction. It was hypothesized that as the positivity of the associations connected with an interaction increased, interaction tendency increased, and personal spacing decreased. Two levels of task (problem solving and conversation), two levels of associations connected with the task (positive and negative), and tv;o levels of associations connected with the other interactant (positive and negative) were manipulated, and the resultant seating behavior was observed. It was found that the independent variables were not predictive of seating behavior.

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Enactivism builds on the “embodied turn” in cognitive science to firmly establish the close connection between mind and life, exemplified in the work of Evan Thompson. The more recent “interactive turn” emphasizes that individuals’ mental and cognitive processes are shaped by social interactions with other cognitive agents. Regarding personal identity, Miriam Kyselo argues that it remains unclear how and to what extent the self is individuated by these processes, and whether or not social relations are necessary for self-persistence. Further, it remains unclear how the self of simple biological organisms is continuous with the much more complicated personal identity of human beings, who are subject not only to the forces of the natural world, but also to forces that arise only in their uniquely symbolic and sociocultural milieu. I contend that we can come to understand how evaluations dependent on the individual’s needs and desires, what Charles Taylor refers to as “weak evaluations,” are continuous with “strong evaluations,” whose validity are independent of the individual’s needs and desires, by recognizing that some organisms not only create value, but respond to values already present in their environment. The general notion of selfhood that results is one of axiological organization. I argue that what we are really referring to with the term “self” is the organization of evaluations that organisms make in regard to environmental affordances, a system which, over time, comes to take on definitive traits and characteristics. The self, regardless of the particular context in which it is situated, becomes individuated by the evaluations it makes, and is experienced as persistent because evaluative activity is an on-going process, ending only in death. The self is further experienced as persistent because these evaluations are made in accordance with a critical standard which itself rarely, and the overall axiological organization retains a high degree of stability. / Thesis / Master of Philosophy (MA) / The aim of this thesis is to provide a conception of selfhood and personal identity capable of accounting for the both the “embodied turn” and the “interactive turn” in cognitive science. It seeks to explain the persistence and individuation of selves both biologically, as living systems, and socially, as members that participate in or distinguish themselves from social groups. The first chapter explores selfhood from the perspective of Evan Thompson’s work on the definition of living systems as self-producing and self-organizing. Chapter two introduces Charles Taylor’s work on the necessity of moral frameworks for personal identity, a view which initially appears difficult to reconcile with the approach outlined in the first chapter. The third chapter attempts to combine these approaches by demonstrating that selfhood is best conceived of as axiological organization – the way living beings evaluate and prioritize possible actions in their environment.

This study was carried out with the purpose of discovering what factors are predictive of money management behavior; Plan, Implement, and Evaluative Feedback. The data used in this study was subset data collected during 1988, under the NC-167 project entitled "Family Resource Utilization as a Factor in Determining Economic Well Being of Rural Families". Three hundred and seven financial managers in families from Arizona completed and returned the questionnaire used in this study. It was found that (1) the power money attitude, the inadequacy money attitude, and gender were predictor variables of plan behavior; (2) the inadequacy money attitude and age were predictor variables of evaluative feedback.

El objeto central de la tesis es demostrar que la llamada Función de Recursos Humanos esta viviendo cambios radicales en su concepto y aplicación, convirtiéndose en factor esencial para el logro de las ventajas competitivas de la empresa, tanto como son los recursos financieros tecnológicos y de otro tipo. Es decir, que el Desarrollo Humano, su capacidad, su desempeño, están viviendo esos cambios. De igual manera, demostrar que los procesos de gestión de evaluación de desempeño están sufriendo grandes modificaciones a fin de adecuarse a las nuevas exigencias de los escenarios modernos.

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