yes / Background/Aims: Personalised nutrition has potential to revolutionise dietary health promotion if accepted by the general public. We studied trust and preferences regarding personalised nutrition services, how they influence intention to adopt these services, and cultural and social differences therein. Methods: A total of 9381 participants were quota sampled to be representative for each of nine EU countries (Germany, Greece, Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, UK, Norway) and surveyed by questionnaire assessing their intention to adopt personalised nutrition, trust in service regulators and information sources, and preferences for service providers and information channels. Results: Trust and preferences significantly predicted intention to adopt personalised nutrition. Higher trust in the local department of healthcare was associated with lower intention to adopt personalised nutrition. General practitioners were the most trusted of service regulators, except for in Portugal, where consumer organisations and universities were most trusted. In all countries, family doctors were the most trusted information providers. Trust in the National Health Service as service regulator and information source showed high variability across countries. Despite its highest variability across countries, personal meeting was the preferred communication channel except in Spain (where an automated internet service was preferred). General practitioners were the preferred service providers, except in Poland, where dietitians and nutritionists were preferred. The preference for dietitians and nutritionists as service providers highly varied across countries. Conclusion: These results may assist in informing local initiatives to encourage acceptance and adoption of country specific tailored personalised nutrition services therefore benefiting individual and public health.

Yes / Background: National guidelines emphasize healthy eating to promote wellbeing and prevention of non-communicable diseases. The perceived healthiness of food is determined by many factors affecting food intake. A positive perception of healthy eating has been shown to be associated with greater diet quality. Internet-based methodologies allow contact with large populations. Our present study aims to design and a short nutritional perception questionnaire, to be used as a screening tool for assessing nutritional status, and to predict an optimal level of personalisation in nutritional advice delivered via the Internet. Methods: Data from all participants who were screened and then enrolled into the Food4Me proof-of-principle study (n=2369) were used to determine the optimal items for inclusion in a novel screening tool, the Nutritional Perception Screening Questionnaire-9 (NPSQ9). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on anthropometric and biochemical data and on dietary indices acquired from participants who had completed the Food4Me dietary intervention (n=1153). Baseline and intervention data were analysed using linear regression and linear mixed regression, respectively. Results: A final model with 9 NPSQ items was validated against the dietary intervention data. NPSQ9 scores were inversely associated with BMI (β=-0.181, p<0.001) and waist circumference (Β=-0.155, p<0.001), and positively associated with total carotenoids (β=0.198, p<0.001), omega-3 fatty acid index (β=0.155, p<0.001), Healthy Eating Index (HEI) (β=0.299, p<0.001) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) (β=0. 279, p<0.001). Findings from the longitudinal intervention study showed a greater reduction in BMI and improved dietary indices among participants with lower NPSQ9 scores. Conclusions: Healthy eating perceptions and dietary habits captured by the NPSQ9 score, based on 9 questionnaire items, were associated with reduced body weight and improved diet quality. Likewise, participants with a lower score achieved greater health improvements than those with higher scores, in response to personalised advice, suggesting that NPSQ9 may be used for early evaluation of nutritional status and to tailor nutritional advice. / European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for 23 research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 265494). "la Caixa" Banking Foundation through a grant.

yes / Objective: This study explored associations between food choice motives, attitudes towards, 5 and intention to adopt personalised nutrition in order to inform communication strategies 6 based on consumer priorities and concerns. Design and Setting: A survey was administered 7 online which included the food choice questionnaire (FCQ), and items assessing attitudes 8 towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition. Participants: Nationally representative 9 samples were recruited in 9 EU countries (N=9381). Results: Structural equation modelling 10 indicated that the food choice motives, weight control, mood, health and ethical concern had 11 a positive association and price had a negative association with attitude towards, and 12 intention to adopt, personalised nutrition. Health was positively associated and familiarity 13 negatively associated with attitude toward personalised nutrition. The effects of weight 14 control, ethical concern, mood and price on intention to adopt personalised nutrition were 15 partially mediated by the attitude. The effects of health and familiarity were fully mediated 16 by attitude. Sensory appeal was negatively and directly associated with intention to adopt 17 personalised nutrition. Conclusion: Personalised nutrition providers may benefit from taking 18 into consideration the importance of underlying determinants of food choice, particularly 19 weight control, mood and price, in potential users when promoting services and in tailoring 20 communications that are motivationally relevant. / Post peer-review accepted manuscript; changes are in red.

no / Personalised Nutrition allows individual variation in dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric, phenotypic and/or genomic information to be considered when giving dietary advice. Compared to ‘generic’ dietary health messages, personalised dietary advice has been shown more likely to result in healthy dietary change. Personalised regimes can help clients in this endeavour by putting them in control and taking into consideration individual propensity for behaviour change, motives for food choice as well as social and lifestyle factors impacting upon the eating context. Provision of personalised nutrition services across Europe should consider inter-country differences in perceived barriers to uptake of personalised nutrition including those associated with the process from the collecting of information and taking of biological samples through to how the results are interpreted and delivered. Irrespective of European country, potential consumers appear to trust health professionals such as dietitians over commercial agents to provide personalised nutrition. Dieticians, therefore, are likely to play a key role in making personalised nutrition happen in the future. Organisations representing nutrition and dietetics professionals will need to be consulted for guidance on how to address the ethical and legal issues around personalised nutrition and regulate practice. A future is envisaged where commercial personalised nutrition will work with existing health providers in bringing the benefits of personalised nutrition to the wider public. / The full text is unavailable in the repository due to copyright restrictions.

Yes / The present study explored associations between food choice motives, attitudes towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition, to inform communication strategies based on consumer priorities and concerns. Design/Setting: A survey was administered online which included the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) and items assessing attitudes towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition. Subjects: Nationally representative samples were recruited in nine EU countries (n 9381). Results: Structural equation modelling indicated that the food choice motives ‘weight control’, ‘mood’, ‘health’ and ‘ethical concern’ had a positive association and ‘price’ had a negative association with attitude towards, and intention to adopt, personalised nutrition. ‘Health’ was positively associated and ‘familiarity’ negatively associated with attitude towards personalised nutrition. The effects of ‘weight control’, ‘ethical concern’, ‘mood’ and ‘price’ on intention to adopt personalised nutrition were partially mediated by attitude. The effects of ‘health’ and ‘familiarity’ were fully mediated by attitude. ‘Sensory appeal’ was negatively and directly associated with intention to adopt personalised nutrition. Conclusions: Personalised nutrition providers may benefit from taking into consideration the importance of underlying determinants of food choice in potential users, particularly weight control, mood and price, when promoting services and in tailoring communications that are motivationally relevant.

Paper One: Social and emotional literacy has become an educational agenda on a national and international level. Schools universally are addressing deviant behaviour through a social learning perspective. Emotional literacy (EL) reflects three of the five outcomes for “Every Child Matters: Change for Children” (DfES, 2003): to be healthy, to enjoy and achieve and to make a positive contribution. EI is also embedded in the legal framework for the associated reform that is set out in the Children Act (2004). The five outcomes for Every Child Matters are statutory demands on educational institutions and welfare services. Since EL is reflected in the outcomes, it suggests that it too needs to be addressed. However, schools have the flexibility in how they chose to address it. This study aims to evaluate a personalised approach in promoting EL in Key Stage Two (KS2) children in one primary school. A pre and post design was used to evaluate the school’s new approach (NA). Class teachers completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) for 75 children pre-NA and post-NA. Statistical tests were used to: 1) Compare the pre SDQ scores to the post SDQ scores to determine whether the NA produced a significant change. 2) Determine where there was a significant difference between the research sample scores and the expected value scores according to the classification of the SDQ scores. 3) Compare the research sample SDQ scores to the SDQ scores from the norm data of the British population. Results of the statistical analysis suggest that the NA was effective as there was a significant improvement in the overall general behaviour according to the total difficulties scores. The statistical analysis revealed mixed results for the five scale scores. The hyperactivity scale, the peer problems scale and the emotional symptoms scale showed significant improvements. However, the pro social scale showed a significant decline and the conduct problems scale was the only scale that showed no significant difference between pre-NA and post- NA. Further tests conducted to strengthen the quality of the sample showed the pro social scale was in line with the British norms even with the significant decline. Similarly, the conduct problems scale was in line with the British norm post-NA. The research has produced encouraging statistics for the effectiveness of NA on the children’s behaviour, however, it calls for a re-evaluation of the NA in order to improve the pro social behaviour and lessen conduct problems. Section One Introduction 1.1 Purpose Personal, social and emotional development is as much a concern as academic development in children. Research suggests that social and emotional skills are needed to succeed in school (Thompson, 2002) to establish and sustain relationships, reduce aggressive behaviour (Nagin & Tremblay, 1999) and create an ideal learning and teaching environment. The objective of this research is to determine whether the school’s personalised EL programme (NA) produces favourable behavioural outcomes in children. Paper Two: Social and emotional literacy has become an educational agenda on a national and international level. Schools universally are addressing deviant behaviour through a social learning perspective. Emotional literacy (EL) reflects three of the five outcomes for “Every Child Matters: Change for Children” (DfES, 2003): to be healthy, to enjoy and achieve and to make a positive contribution. EI is also embedded in the legal framework for the associated reform that is set out in the Children Act (2004). The five outcomes for Every Child Matters are statutory demands on educational institutions and welfare services. Since EL is reflected in the outcomes, it suggests that it too needs to be addressed. However, schools have the flexibility in how they chose to address it. This study aims to evaluate a personalised approach in promoting EL in Key Stage Two (KS2) children in one primary school. A pre and post design was used to evaluate the school’s new approach (NA). Class teachers completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) for 75 children pre-NA and post-NA. Statistical tests were used to: 1) Compare the pre SDQ scores to the post SDQ scores to determine whether the NA produced a significant change. 2) Determine where there was a significant difference between the research sample scores and the expected value scores according to the classification of the SDQ scores. 3) Compare the research sample SDQ scores to the SDQ scores from the norm data of the British population. Results of the statistical analysis suggest that the NA was effective as there was a significant improvement in the overall general behaviour according to the total difficulties scores. The statistical analysis revealed mixed results for the five scale scores. The hyperactivity scale, the peer problems scale and the emotional symptoms scale showed significant improvements. However, the pro social scale showed a significant decline and the conduct problems scale was the only scale that showed no significant difference between pre-NA and post- NA. Further tests conducted to strengthen the quality of the sample showed the pro social scale was in line with the British norms even with the significant decline. Similarly, the conduct problems scale was in line with the British norm post-NA. The research has produced encouraging statistics for the effectiveness of NA on the children’s behaviour, however, it calls for a re-evaluation of the NA in order to improve the pro social behaviour and lessen conduct problems.

Technological advancements in mass spectrometry allowing quantification of almost complete proteomes make proteomics a key platform for generating unique functional molecular data. Furthermore, the integrative analysis of genomic and proteomic data, termed proteogenomics, has emerged as a new field revealing insights into gene expression regulation, cell signalling, and disease processes. However, the lack of software tools for high-throughput integration and unbiased modification and variant detection hinder efforts for large-scale proteogenomics studies. The main objectives of this work are to address these issues by developing and applying new software tools and data analysis methods. Firstly, I address mapping of peptide sequences to reference genomes. I introduce a novel tool for high-throughput mapping and highlight its unique features facilitating quantitative and post-translational modification mapping alongside accounting for amino acid substitutions. The performance is benchmarked. Furthermore, I offer an additional tool that permits generation of web accessible hubs of genome wide mappings. To enable unbiased identification of post-translational modifications and amino acid substitutions for high resolution mass spectrometry data, I present algorithmic updates the mass tolerant blind spectrum comparison tool ’MS SMiV’. I demonstrate the applicability of the changes by benchmarking against a published mass tolerant database search of a high resolution tandem mass spectrometry dataset. I then present the application of ‘MS SMiV’ on a panel of 50 colorectal cancer cell lines. I show that the adaption of ‘MS SMiV’ outperforms traditional sequence database based identification of single amino acid variants. Furthermore, I highlight the utility of mass tolerant spectrum matching in combination with isobaric labelled quantitative proteomics in distinguishing between post-translational modifications and amino acid variants of similar mass. In the last part of this work I integrate both tools with a high-throughput proteogenomic identification pipeline and apply it to a pilot study of chondrocytes derived from 12 osteoarthritic individuals. I show the value of this approach in identifying variation between individuals and molecular levels and highlight them with individual examples. I show that multi-plexed proteogenomics can be used to infer genotypes of individuals.

This research concerns tensions between ‘personalisation’, a neo-liberal concept adapted by New Labour to empower and motivate students and ‘performativity’, an aspect of governance whereby institutional effectiveness is monitored by statistical outcomes. Their ambiguous reconciliation in Personalised Learning (DfES 2004a) continues to develop in schools and colleges. A research focus on Key Stage 3/4 wider curriculum choice, one of five key but under-researched elements in this policy, provides the opportunity to explore this paradox. Involving an investigation into the recent experience of 14-15 year olds in an inner city English comprehensive school, the degree of equity afforded students in decision-making, based on teacher perceptions of students as achievers and underachievers may reveal conflicting values in the management of this process. Taking an ethnographic approach to case study development, triangulation of method and source is used to test internal validity. Analysis of interview data from a range of pastoral staff provides outline images of the institutional management of student choice. A comparative statistical analysis using data from anonymous student questionnaires provides an independent account of the effects of this interpretation on the student stakeholder role. From the questionnaire sample, qualitative data from twenty student interviews offers further insight into the processing of decisions. Relying on respondent validation procedures throughout, for ethical reasons the identification of student interviewees as ‘achievers’ or ‘underachievers’ is retrospective. Demonstrating how student access to the KS4 optional curriculum operates, the research reveals power differences firstly between the student cohort and ‘gate-keeping’ pastoral staff and secondly between individual students. While some evidence of social control through self-surveillance, implied through Foucauldian criticism of neo-liberal strategies (Rose and Miller 1992) may exist, the extreme social and economic deprivation of the area is used to justify this institutional interpretation of the stakeholder role through the moral imperative of social inclusion.

The shift of media from traditional forms to new digital ones has raised the possibility of new kinds of media services, including mobile television. In today's communications market, mobile phones are of increasing importance to users and, since mobile devices are connected most of the time, they have a high degree of location independence. The availability of 3G technology and the mobile devices needed to implement mobile television are now established and available. Mobile television is expected to be an important new service that could penetrate the market place and provide new applications, as well as create a market for new players and new investments, if the appropriate price, content and philosophy for content design are found. This research explores the many potential application areas for mobile TV, with a particular focus on advertising. Various organisations that seek success in this market can utilise the potential for advertising on mobile TV. Ultimately, mobile device users are able to use mobile TV for entertainment and information sourcing. However, a number of challenging issues remain to be addressed. The features that appealed to the consumers were studied in this research. Surveys were conducted to obtain an understanding of consumers' opinions and needs regarding the mobile TV experience. Many users clearly do like to interact with video content on mobile devices. Interactive mobile TV advertising can benefit users who will be able to use an essentially 'free' mobile TV service, funded by an advertising model. This research proposes an environment for interactive advertising on mobile TV and discussion of an implementation of the proposed designs.

Abstract Novel genetic aetiologies for epileptic encephalopathies and movement disorders have been discovered by using next-generation sequencing methods. The phenotypic and genotypic variability in these conditions is very wide. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic causes and phenotypes of childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy and epileptic or developmental encephalopathies that occur separately or together with movement disorders, and familial movement disorders. Furthermore, the use of whole-exome sequencing (WES) as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice was evaluated. Altogether, 12 children with undefined aetiology, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. GABRG2 gene was identified as a genetic cause of epileptic encephalopathies. Novel GABRG2-associated phenotypes included progressive neurodegeneration, epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures, and autism spectrum disorder. New pathogenic variants, GABRG2 p.P282T and p.S306F, were discovered. The pathogenic NACC1 variant caused focal epilepsy, developmental disability, bilateral cataracts, and dysautonomia. The novel phenotype associated with the NACC1 p.R298W variant included hyperkinetic movement disorder. SAMD9L was found to be the genetic cause for the familial movement disorder. The phenotype associated with the novel SAMD9L p.I891T variant was very variable. Neuroradiological findings included cerebellar atrophy and periventricular white matter changes. After publication of these results, SAMD9L was reported to be one of the most common genetic aetiologies of childhood bone marrow failure and myelodysplastic syndrome. The pathogenic homozygous MTR variant was found to cause early-onset epileptic encephalopathy that occurred together with movement disorder and haematological disturbances. Drug resistant seizures responded to cofactor and vitamin treatments. Whole-exome sequencing for 10 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy or epileptic or developmental encephalopathy provided a genetic diagnosis for two patients (20%). This study confirmed that, for epileptic encephalopathies and movement disorders in which the genetic causes and phenotypes are heterogeneous and sometimes treatable, WES is a useful tool for diagnostics and in the search for novel aetiologies, which might turn out to be more common than expected. / Tiivistelmä Uusien sekvensointimenetelmien käyttöönotto on mahdollistanut epileptisten enkefalopatioiden ja liikehäiriöiden uusien geneettisten syiden löytymisen. Näissä sairausryhmissä geenien ja ilmiasujen vaihtelevuus on suurta. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli löytää uusia geneettisiä syitä ja ilmiasuja lapsuusiällä alkavissa vaikeahoitoisissa epilepsioissa ja epileptisissä tai kehityksellisissä joko itsenäisesti tai yhdessä liikehäiriön kanssa esiintyvissä enkefalopatioissa sekä perheittäin esiintyvissä liikehäiriöissä. Lisäksi selvitettiin eksomisekvensoinnin käyttökelpoisuutta kliinisessä diagnostiikassa näiden potilasryhmien kohdalla. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhteensä 12 sisäänottokriteerit täyttävää lasta, joiden sairauden syy oli jäänyt tuntemattomaksi. GABRG2-geenin mutaatiot aiheuttivat epileptisiä enkefalopatioita, joiden uutena ilmiasuna oli etenevä taudinkuva, johon liittyivät aivojen rappeutuminen, migroiva imeväisiän paikallisalkuinen epilepsia sekä autismikirjon häiriö. Tutkimuksessa löydettiin uusia GABRG2-mutaatioita: p.P282T ja p.S306F. NACC1-geenin mutaatio aiheutti epilepsian, kehitysvammaisuuden, molemminpuolisen kaihin ja autonomisen hermoston toiminnan häiriön. Hyperkineettinen liikehäiriö oli uusi NACC1 p.R298W -mutaatioon liittyvä ilmiasu. SAMD9L-geenin mutaatio aiheutti perheessä esiintyvän liikehäiriön. Neurologinen ja hematologinen ilmiasu olivat hyvin vaihtelevia. Aivojen kuvantamislöydöksiin sisältyi pikkuaivojen rappeutumista ja valkoisen aivoaineen muutoksia aivokammioiden ympärillä. Näiden tutkimustulosten julkaisemisen jälkeen SAMD9L-geenin mutaatioiden on todettu olevan yksi yleisimmistä perinnöllisistä luuytimen vajaatoiminnan ja myelodysplasian syistä. Homotsygoottinen MTR-geenin mutaatio aiheutti varhain alkaneen epileptisen enkefalopatian, liikehäiriön ja hematologisen häiriön. Kofaktori- ja vitamiini hoidot vähensivät epileptisiä kohtauksia, joihin tavanomainen lääkitys ei tehonnut. Geneettiset syyt ja ilmiasut ovat epileptisissä enkefalopatioissa ja liikehäiriöissä hyvin vaihtelevia, ja osaan on olemassa spesifi hoito. Eksomisekvensointi on käyttökelpoinen diagnostiikan ja uusien geneettisten syiden etsimisen apuna. Tässä tutkimuksessa eksomisekvensoinnin avulla kymmenestä potilaasta kahdelle (20%) saatiin varmistettua geneettinen diagnoosi.