The goal of this dissertation is to determine the genealogical and historical perspective of a selected part of the Swanepoel family in South Africa (1698-1906). It includes historical tendencies such as conflicts, wars, determination of the role and influence of the church and the impact on their Christian orientation, miscegenation, cultural integration and exposure to the South African landscape during the said period. Sources: Primary, secondary and archives sources, electronic genealogical information, periodic publications, websites and church registers. A personal archive containing letters, photo’s, information from graveyards, national and other archive documents and interviews with family members, published articles from accredited publications, published and unpublished dissertations. Marriages between Indian slaves and Free Burghers and inter-marriages between family members were identified. Family-registers are attached as addenda. The study covered the effect of the South African War and the “scorched earth policy” on the family. This dissertation contributed to the existing researched information available regarding the role and lifestyle of “Afrikaner families”. The study has shown the influence as a result of the continuous movement of borders from the Cape to North Western Region. / MA (History), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

The goal of this dissertation is to determine the genealogical and historical perspective of a selected part of the Swanepoel family in South Africa (1698-1906). It includes historical tendencies such as conflicts, wars, determination of the role and influence of the church and the impact on their Christian orientation, miscegenation, cultural integration and exposure to the South African landscape during the said period. Sources: Primary, secondary and archives sources, electronic genealogical information, periodic publications, websites and church registers. A personal archive containing letters, photo’s, information from graveyards, national and other archive documents and interviews with family members, published articles from accredited publications, published and unpublished dissertations. Marriages between Indian slaves and Free Burghers and inter-marriages between family members were identified. Family-registers are attached as addenda. The study covered the effect of the South African War and the “scorched earth policy” on the family. This dissertation contributed to the existing researched information available regarding the role and lifestyle of “Afrikaner families”. The study has shown the influence as a result of the continuous movement of borders from the Cape to North Western Region. / MA (History), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Researchers often benefit from gathering data from participants without any regard for the participants’ needs. In other words, the data gathering process is often not reciprocal in nature, as the researcher is often the only beneficiary. The Mmogo-method® is proposed as a data gathering method that also benefits participants. Three distinct phases are distinguished in applying the Mmogo-method®. During the first phase the researcher gains entry into the research context an ethically sensitive manner. Participants are asked to arrange themselves into groups (not more than eight to ten people participate in a session). They are duly informed of the nature of the research topic and what it entails; namely that they will be requested to make visual representations of specific experiences by using unstructured materials such as malleable clay, dried straw and different colours and sizes of beads. The participants are also informed that only partial confidentially of the information that they share can be ensured because of the group context in which the data are obtained. The participants are, however, asked to treat all shared information as confidential. The Mmogo-method® is usually applied in a group context to allows the dynamics of group processes to inform and enrich the research context. The second phase is introduced by an open-ended prompt that requests the participants to use the unstructured material to visually represent their experiences. In this study, mental health workers were asked to visually represent their coping strategies. On completion of the visual representations, the third phase is initiated. A team of researchers (including counsellors and if needed interpreters) engage in a process of individual and group discussions. Individual participants explain the meaning of each object and action(s); the relationship between the objects and the relevance of the objects in relation to the research prompt; and finally the symbolic value of the objects. After the individual participant has explained the visual representation, the rest of the group is asked to complement the individual participant’s explanation with their perceptions or experiences. Little or no literature is available on how participants experience a visual research method (Mmogo-method®). In this study, the researcher used the Mmogo-method® to elicit mental health workers' coping strategies from a positive participatory perspective and to describe the participants’ experiences of participating in the Mmogo-method® as a data gathering method to elicit the coping strategies of the mental health workers. Mental health workers (telephone counsellors, trauma counsellors, social workers, social auxiliary workers and other professionals) are required to engage with the challenges their clients face and to assist them by means of psycho-social interventions on a daily basis. The mental health workers from Childline who work with children deal with clients who undergo various traumatic experiences, such as severe violence and neglect; physical, emotional and sexual abuse; abduction, homelessness and prostitution. The coping of these mental health workers is important because violence against children is one of the most prominent manifestations of violence in South Africa. More than half of the reported cases against children during the financial year of 2010 were sexual offences. There is a significant shortage of mental health workers to address children’s psycho-social needs in South Africa. Due to the traumatic nature of the mental health workers’ work, they often experience burnout, vicarious traumatisation and compassion fatigue. The management of Childline requested an investigation into the coping strategies of their mental health workers. Childline is a non-governmental organisation that provides a 24-hour toll-free helpline, as well as online counselling services to children and their families. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the North-West University’s ethical committee, as well as from the heads of departments of the relevant mental health workers. The mental health workers from Childline were invited to participate in the research. The Mmogo-method® was specifically applied from a positive participatory approach and allowed for the positively focused subjective contributions of research participants to the research process. Qualitative research with a case study design was applied. Textual and visual data were gathered and analysed in two phases. First, by the researcher and participants during the research process, and second, by using thematic analysis for the textual data, and visual data analysis of the visual data. Findings revealed themes related to the coping strategies of the mental health workers on an intrapersonal and an interpersonal level, which is not the focus of this study. In terms of the application of the Mmogo-method®, the mental health workers experienced the research context of unconditional positive regard and acceptance as a therapeutic intervention. The applied method supported the mental health workers in making a positive appraisal of their coping strategies and environment. They gained insight into their level of appreciation for their current occupation and interpersonal relationships. They also became more aware of their coping strategies in these contexts. The positive and supportive research context, the material used in applying the method and the group processes experienced were identified as factors contributing to the therapeutic experience of the process. These aspects lead the mental health workers to awareness, maintaining their focus and allowing for shared experience. The findings highlighted that research is not only a matter of obtaining data from participants, but should also allow participants to benefit from the process. Further research is recommended to explore other methodologies that could serve a dual purpose of addressing the needs of both the researcher and participant. / MSc (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Researchers often benefit from gathering data from participants without any regard for the participants’ needs. In other words, the data gathering process is often not reciprocal in nature, as the researcher is often the only beneficiary. The Mmogo-method® is proposed as a data gathering method that also benefits participants. Three distinct phases are distinguished in applying the Mmogo-method®. During the first phase the researcher gains entry into the research context an ethically sensitive manner. Participants are asked to arrange themselves into groups (not more than eight to ten people participate in a session). They are duly informed of the nature of the research topic and what it entails; namely that they will be requested to make visual representations of specific experiences by using unstructured materials such as malleable clay, dried straw and different colours and sizes of beads. The participants are also informed that only partial confidentially of the information that they share can be ensured because of the group context in which the data are obtained. The participants are, however, asked to treat all shared information as confidential. The Mmogo-method® is usually applied in a group context to allows the dynamics of group processes to inform and enrich the research context. The second phase is introduced by an open-ended prompt that requests the participants to use the unstructured material to visually represent their experiences. In this study, mental health workers were asked to visually represent their coping strategies. On completion of the visual representations, the third phase is initiated. A team of researchers (including counsellors and if needed interpreters) engage in a process of individual and group discussions. Individual participants explain the meaning of each object and action(s); the relationship between the objects and the relevance of the objects in relation to the research prompt; and finally the symbolic value of the objects. After the individual participant has explained the visual representation, the rest of the group is asked to complement the individual participant’s explanation with their perceptions or experiences. Little or no literature is available on how participants experience a visual research method (Mmogo-method®). In this study, the researcher used the Mmogo-method® to elicit mental health workers' coping strategies from a positive participatory perspective and to describe the participants’ experiences of participating in the Mmogo-method® as a data gathering method to elicit the coping strategies of the mental health workers. Mental health workers (telephone counsellors, trauma counsellors, social workers, social auxiliary workers and other professionals) are required to engage with the challenges their clients face and to assist them by means of psycho-social interventions on a daily basis. The mental health workers from Childline who work with children deal with clients who undergo various traumatic experiences, such as severe violence and neglect; physical, emotional and sexual abuse; abduction, homelessness and prostitution. The coping of these mental health workers is important because violence against children is one of the most prominent manifestations of violence in South Africa. More than half of the reported cases against children during the financial year of 2010 were sexual offences. There is a significant shortage of mental health workers to address children’s psycho-social needs in South Africa. Due to the traumatic nature of the mental health workers’ work, they often experience burnout, vicarious traumatisation and compassion fatigue. The management of Childline requested an investigation into the coping strategies of their mental health workers. Childline is a non-governmental organisation that provides a 24-hour toll-free helpline, as well as online counselling services to children and their families. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the North-West University’s ethical committee, as well as from the heads of departments of the relevant mental health workers. The mental health workers from Childline were invited to participate in the research. The Mmogo-method® was specifically applied from a positive participatory approach and allowed for the positively focused subjective contributions of research participants to the research process. Qualitative research with a case study design was applied. Textual and visual data were gathered and analysed in two phases. First, by the researcher and participants during the research process, and second, by using thematic analysis for the textual data, and visual data analysis of the visual data. Findings revealed themes related to the coping strategies of the mental health workers on an intrapersonal and an interpersonal level, which is not the focus of this study. In terms of the application of the Mmogo-method®, the mental health workers experienced the research context of unconditional positive regard and acceptance as a therapeutic intervention. The applied method supported the mental health workers in making a positive appraisal of their coping strategies and environment. They gained insight into their level of appreciation for their current occupation and interpersonal relationships. They also became more aware of their coping strategies in these contexts. The positive and supportive research context, the material used in applying the method and the group processes experienced were identified as factors contributing to the therapeutic experience of the process. These aspects lead the mental health workers to awareness, maintaining their focus and allowing for shared experience. The findings highlighted that research is not only a matter of obtaining data from participants, but should also allow participants to benefit from the process. Further research is recommended to explore other methodologies that could serve a dual purpose of addressing the needs of both the researcher and participant. / MSc (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Fetale alkoholsindroom (FAS) is ‘n voortgaande probleem in Suid–Afrika, veral in die Wes–Kaap. Baie kinders met FAS word in pleegsorg geplaas vanweë hul ouers se drankmisbruik en onvermoë om die kinders te versorg. Daar is reeds baie navorsing gedoen in akademiese en sosiale omgewings oor die voorkoms en simptome van FAS. Minder is bekend oor die hanteringsbehoeftes by pleegouers van pleegkinders met FAS en derhalwe is dit die navorser se doelwit om navorsing te doen in hierdie veld. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die behoeftes wat pleegouers ondervind in die hantering van hul voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS te verken en te beskryf. Die navorsingsvraag vir die studie lui soos volg: “Wat is pleegouers se hanteringsbehoeftes ten opsigte van hul voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS?” Hierdie navorsingsvraag is aangespreek deur kwalitatiewe navorsing, en die studie kan geklassifiseer word as verkennende en beskrywende navorsing. Die navorser het vir die doel van hierdie studie gebruik maak van ‘n niewaarskynlikheidsteekproef deur middel van doelbewuste steekproefneming. Die navorser het 17 pleegouers, van twee gesinsorgorganisasies gewerf. Fokusgroeponderhoude binne twee fokusgroepe is benut om die hanteringsbehoeftes by pleegouers van voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS te identifiseer. Die onderhoude is getranskribeer vir die doeleindes van dataanalisering en aan die hand van Creswell (2007) se stappe ontleed. Sewe temas is geïdentifiseer, naamlik (1) Dissiplinering van voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS; (2) Hantering van gedrag van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS; (3) Ondersteuningsdienste aan pleegouers of pleegkinders; (4) Inligting of ondersteuning rondom FAS; (5) Verwerping van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS; (6) Emosionele impak van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS op die pleegouer; en laastens (7) Rol van die biologiese ouers van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS. Hierdie temas is in subtemas verdeel en aan die hand van toepaslike narratiewe uit die fokusgroepe bespreek en met literatuur gekontroleer. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is na aanleiding daarvan gemaak. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Fetale alkoholsindroom (FAS) is ‘n voortgaande probleem in Suid–Afrika, veral in die Wes–Kaap. Baie kinders met FAS word in pleegsorg geplaas vanweë hul ouers se drankmisbruik en onvermoë om die kinders te versorg. Daar is reeds baie navorsing gedoen in akademiese en sosiale omgewings oor die voorkoms en simptome van FAS. Minder is bekend oor die hanteringsbehoeftes by pleegouers van pleegkinders met FAS en derhalwe is dit die navorser se doelwit om navorsing te doen in hierdie veld. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die behoeftes wat pleegouers ondervind in die hantering van hul voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS te verken en te beskryf. Die navorsingsvraag vir die studie lui soos volg: “Wat is pleegouers se hanteringsbehoeftes ten opsigte van hul voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS?” Hierdie navorsingsvraag is aangespreek deur kwalitatiewe navorsing, en die studie kan geklassifiseer word as verkennende en beskrywende navorsing. Die navorser het vir die doel van hierdie studie gebruik maak van ‘n niewaarskynlikheidsteekproef deur middel van doelbewuste steekproefneming. Die navorser het 17 pleegouers, van twee gesinsorgorganisasies gewerf. Fokusgroeponderhoude binne twee fokusgroepe is benut om die hanteringsbehoeftes by pleegouers van voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS te identifiseer. Die onderhoude is getranskribeer vir die doeleindes van dataanalisering en aan die hand van Creswell (2007) se stappe ontleed. Sewe temas is geïdentifiseer, naamlik (1) Dissiplinering van voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS; (2) Hantering van gedrag van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS; (3) Ondersteuningsdienste aan pleegouers of pleegkinders; (4) Inligting of ondersteuning rondom FAS; (5) Verwerping van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS; (6) Emosionele impak van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS op die pleegouer; en laastens (7) Rol van die biologiese ouers van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS. Hierdie temas is in subtemas verdeel en aan die hand van toepaslike narratiewe uit die fokusgroepe bespreek en met literatuur gekontroleer. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is na aanleiding daarvan gemaak. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Peck’s view on regeneration, that the regenerated spirit does not sin and die again, stems from his different view of human nature as such. He understands the soul to be an immaterial body, but not the spirit. Thereby he focuses on the human being in light of a unity between the spirit and the body. He also explicates human existence with the image of the relationship between master (spirit) and servant (body). Based on his belief he accepts that the spirit is created in the image of God as a simple unit. In this sense he conceives that the spirit manifests all of God’s attributes to the soul, which is also created sufficiently to receive and reveal God’s nature to the body. The body that is created with this capacity to reflect God’s attributes is capable of showing them to all creation. This government of God towards all creation can be effected due to the organic unity of the spirit and the body in the human being as instrument for God’s government. As soon as Adam broke God’s commandment when his mind was deceived by the devil, his spirit was condemned and its subjective liability perished once and for all. Likewise, the spirit of the whole human race is condemned in Adam and died at once incorporated in Adam’s spirit. Thus, when the spirit created by God is united with its body in the mother’s womb that spirit dies, because all have part in Adam’s sin and have inherited the guilt and the sinful nature from Adam. However, this all forms part of God’s greatest plan of salvation to establish his church once and for all. This church should be spotless, righteous, reconciled in His presence through the redemption by Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit applies the eternal atoning death of Christ to the human spirit. Therefore the spirit is now able to live again and does not sin and die any more in the sense of the subjective liability for the mortal ‘soul and body’. As soon as the spirit is regenerated, therefore, the Holy Spirit takes this spirit as His indwelling place and powerfully begins to bear witness to the soul, so that this person can confess 000his/her sins and receive Jesus Christ as Saviour, that is, conversion. Peck describes the regeneration of the spirit as the actual regeneration, in which the effect of sin and death is removed completely. He also depicts the regeneration of the body as the legal regeneration in the sense that any remaining influence of sin and death will be eliminated progressively through the power of the Holy Spirit and the Word of God. These effects of sin also will be demolished completely on the day of resurrection at the second coming of Christ. This indicates that Peck’s view on regeneration focuses for the human being as a whole, not only on the human spirit. Peck regards regeneration as the mysterious work of the Holy Spirit in the sub-consciousness of humans. He also views it as a supernatural change, brought about by the power of the blood of Jesus, the Holy Spirit and the Word of God. In addition, he delineates it as an instantaneous change. When the Holy Spirit applies the redemption through Jesus Christ to the elect ones, their spirit immediately is raised from dead. This change is from death to life and has a ‘once-for-all’ character. Moreover, Peck characterises this process as a radical change. Peck considers the spirit to be the root and the principle of life in humans. For him the regenerated spirit implies a radical change within the human being as a whole. This radical change does not stem from the human heart, but comes from the Holy Spirit who resurrected the regenerated spirit. By the mighty work of the Spirit the disposition of humans are radically changed (from the root). This happens when the spirit of the regenerated person is quickened, and he/she is unable to resist God’s saving grace, which conforms him/her into the true image of Christ. In conclusion it can be noted that Peck’s general view of regeneration connects with that of the Reformers, although his thought of the regenerated spirit is not reflected in the general Reformed thought. Finally, the researcher may conclude that Peck’s view of the regeneration is acceptable within the Reformed Theology’s line of thought, whereas Peck’s particular view of the regenerated spirit diverges from the Reformed tradition. / Thesis (M.Th. (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Peck’s view on regeneration, that the regenerated spirit does not sin and die again, stems from his different view of human nature as such. He understands the soul to be an immaterial body, but not the spirit. Thereby he focuses on the human being in light of a unity between the spirit and the body. He also explicates human existence with the image of the relationship between master (spirit) and servant (body). Based on his belief he accepts that the spirit is created in the image of God as a simple unit. In this sense he conceives that the spirit manifests all of God’s attributes to the soul, which is also created sufficiently to receive and reveal God’s nature to the body. The body that is created with this capacity to reflect God’s attributes is capable of showing them to all creation. This government of God towards all creation can be effected due to the organic unity of the spirit and the body in the human being as instrument for God’s government. As soon as Adam broke God’s commandment when his mind was deceived by the devil, his spirit was condemned and its subjective liability perished once and for all. Likewise, the spirit of the whole human race is condemned in Adam and died at once incorporated in Adam’s spirit. Thus, when the spirit created by God is united with its body in the mother’s womb that spirit dies, because all have part in Adam’s sin and have inherited the guilt and the sinful nature from Adam. However, this all forms part of God’s greatest plan of salvation to establish his church once and for all. This church should be spotless, righteous, reconciled in His presence through the redemption by Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit applies the eternal atoning death of Christ to the human spirit. Therefore the spirit is now able to live again and does not sin and die any more in the sense of the subjective liability for the mortal ‘soul and body’. As soon as the spirit is regenerated, therefore, the Holy Spirit takes this spirit as His indwelling place and powerfully begins to bear witness to the soul, so that this person can confess 000his/her sins and receive Jesus Christ as Saviour, that is, conversion. Peck describes the regeneration of the spirit as the actual regeneration, in which the effect of sin and death is removed completely. He also depicts the regeneration of the body as the legal regeneration in the sense that any remaining influence of sin and death will be eliminated progressively through the power of the Holy Spirit and the Word of God. These effects of sin also will be demolished completely on the day of resurrection at the second coming of Christ. This indicates that Peck’s view on regeneration focuses for the human being as a whole, not only on the human spirit. Peck regards regeneration as the mysterious work of the Holy Spirit in the sub-consciousness of humans. He also views it as a supernatural change, brought about by the power of the blood of Jesus, the Holy Spirit and the Word of God. In addition, he delineates it as an instantaneous change. When the Holy Spirit applies the redemption through Jesus Christ to the elect ones, their spirit immediately is raised from dead. This change is from death to life and has a ‘once-for-all’ character. Moreover, Peck characterises this process as a radical change. Peck considers the spirit to be the root and the principle of life in humans. For him the regenerated spirit implies a radical change within the human being as a whole. This radical change does not stem from the human heart, but comes from the Holy Spirit who resurrected the regenerated spirit. By the mighty work of the Spirit the disposition of humans are radically changed (from the root). This happens when the spirit of the regenerated person is quickened, and he/she is unable to resist God’s saving grace, which conforms him/her into the true image of Christ. In conclusion it can be noted that Peck’s general view of regeneration connects with that of the Reformers, although his thought of the regenerated spirit is not reflected in the general Reformed thought. Finally, the researcher may conclude that Peck’s view of the regeneration is acceptable within the Reformed Theology’s line of thought, whereas Peck’s particular view of the regenerated spirit diverges from the Reformed tradition. / Thesis (M.Th. (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

The live music performance industry is growing tremendously in South Africa, with more and more international artists performing on our shores year after year. Competition is growing and various companies are beginning to identify this as a business opportunity to make money. However, managing live music performances is a complex task which involves managing various aspects (critical success factors) of the event in order to ensure that it is a success. Apart from this, visitors attend these performances hoping that their expectations will be exceeded and the performance is something which can be treasured and is worth remembering once everything is over. This is referred to as a memorable experience. In order to ensure a memorable visitor experience, it is essential for managers to be aware of what the visitors regard as important critical success factors. These are aspects that management can control and improve. Thus, the critical success factors should be implemented effectively in order to ensure that the event is memorable for visitors attending the live music performance. While various critical success factors are familiar to event organisers, they differ from event to event. Thus, the critical success factors of one event cannot be implemented at another with the same expectation of success. This is due to the heterogeneous groups of people who attend these events and who cannot be regarded as being the same, as each individual will have different expectations of the same event. Therefore, it is also important for the managers of live music performances to determine how the visitors to the different genre events regard the various critical success factors that are vital for a memorable experience. This is significant, as various music genres attract different attendees who each have their own expectations of a music genre and which may differ from those of visitors to other music genres. For example, the expectations for a memorable experience of individuals attending a classical live music performance will differ from individuals attending a rock or pop live music performance. In addition, it is also important for management to compare those critical success factors identified by the visitors to their own ideas of what is important for a successful event in order to identify any shortcomings. Thus, it was expedient to seek answers to the questions of what visitors to live music performances regard as important critical success factors as well as what the managers consider to be important for a memorable experience. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the critical success factors for managing a memorable visitor experience at live music performances from both the demand and supply sides. The said factors were subsequently compared in order to establish whether any shortcomings exist. This thesis comprises three articles. Firstly, the research was conducted from a demand (visitors) side. Thus, the aim of Chapter 3 was to determine what attendees at live music performances regard as being critical success factors for different music genres so as to enhance memorable visitor experiences. Surveys were conducted at various genres of live music performances which included classical music (Il Divo), R&B (Usher), rock (Sting), blues (Michael Buble), pop (Roxette) and Afrikaans music (Steve Hofmeyr). A total of 4 110 questionnaires were administered and a general profile of the visitors in terms of the different genres was compiled. A factor analysis was subsequently performed in order to determine the critical success factors for all six genres. Thereafter, an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied in order to compare the critical success factors of the various genres with one another. The results indicated significant statistical differences amongst the different music genres with regard to that which the visitors to the different live music performances regard as being important for a memorable visitor experience. Secondly, the research was conducted from a supply (managers) side and the objective of Chapter 4 was to determine what the managers consider to be important critical success factors in ensuring a memorable visitor experience at a live music performance. A qualitative research method, by means of interviews, was used to obtain the relevant information from the selected participants. All the data collected in the process were transcribed into text and presented in a narrative form. The six step method formulated by Cresswell (2009:185-189) for data analysis and interpretation was used to analyse the data. Four major themes emerged from the analysis where each theme was differentiated in terms of various categories and subcategories. This process contributed greatly towards gaining detailed information regarding the main purpose of organising a live music performance; identifying the aspects that managers consider to be important when organising a live music performance and those aspects that are important in pre-, during- and post-event planning phases as well as how managers define a memorable experience. Lastly, in Chapter 5 a comparison was performed between the demand and supply sides of live music performances in order to establish whether any differences exist amongst the aspects that management consider to be important compared to the critical success factors that the visitors regard as being important to achieve a memorable visitor experience. Both qualitative (supply side) and quantitative (demand side) research methods were implemented in this research. The results of the critical success factors drawn from the first and second articles were used to conduct this research. The results of both the demand and supply sides were subsequently compared with one another where significant differences had been identified. This was the first time that research was conducted from both the demand and supply sides within the live music performance environment. The results of this research contribute greatly to literature and to the music industry. In addition, this was also the first time that both a qualitative and a quantitative research method were applied in research conducted at live music performances and which were subsequently compared with one another. Determining the differences between the critical success factors identified contributes towards event specific education and information for current as well as future live music performance managers. Therefore, results of this research can be employed to educate and inform current and future managers in the live music performance industry regarding important aspects relating to the enhancement of the important critical success factors that contribute to a memorable experience when individuals attend a live music performance. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The live music performance industry is growing tremendously in South Africa, with more and more international artists performing on our shores year after year. Competition is growing and various companies are beginning to identify this as a business opportunity to make money. However, managing live music performances is a complex task which involves managing various aspects (critical success factors) of the event in order to ensure that it is a success. Apart from this, visitors attend these performances hoping that their expectations will be exceeded and the performance is something which can be treasured and is worth remembering once everything is over. This is referred to as a memorable experience. In order to ensure a memorable visitor experience, it is essential for managers to be aware of what the visitors regard as important critical success factors. These are aspects that management can control and improve. Thus, the critical success factors should be implemented effectively in order to ensure that the event is memorable for visitors attending the live music performance. While various critical success factors are familiar to event organisers, they differ from event to event. Thus, the critical success factors of one event cannot be implemented at another with the same expectation of success. This is due to the heterogeneous groups of people who attend these events and who cannot be regarded as being the same, as each individual will have different expectations of the same event. Therefore, it is also important for the managers of live music performances to determine how the visitors to the different genre events regard the various critical success factors that are vital for a memorable experience. This is significant, as various music genres attract different attendees who each have their own expectations of a music genre and which may differ from those of visitors to other music genres. For example, the expectations for a memorable experience of individuals attending a classical live music performance will differ from individuals attending a rock or pop live music performance. In addition, it is also important for management to compare those critical success factors identified by the visitors to their own ideas of what is important for a successful event in order to identify any shortcomings. Thus, it was expedient to seek answers to the questions of what visitors to live music performances regard as important critical success factors as well as what the managers consider to be important for a memorable experience. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the critical success factors for managing a memorable visitor experience at live music performances from both the demand and supply sides. The said factors were subsequently compared in order to establish whether any shortcomings exist. This thesis comprises three articles. Firstly, the research was conducted from a demand (visitors) side. Thus, the aim of Chapter 3 was to determine what attendees at live music performances regard as being critical success factors for different music genres so as to enhance memorable visitor experiences. Surveys were conducted at various genres of live music performances which included classical music (Il Divo), R&B (Usher), rock (Sting), blues (Michael Buble), pop (Roxette) and Afrikaans music (Steve Hofmeyr). A total of 4 110 questionnaires were administered and a general profile of the visitors in terms of the different genres was compiled. A factor analysis was subsequently performed in order to determine the critical success factors for all six genres. Thereafter, an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied in order to compare the critical success factors of the various genres with one another. The results indicated significant statistical differences amongst the different music genres with regard to that which the visitors to the different live music performances regard as being important for a memorable visitor experience. Secondly, the research was conducted from a supply (managers) side and the objective of Chapter 4 was to determine what the managers consider to be important critical success factors in ensuring a memorable visitor experience at a live music performance. A qualitative research method, by means of interviews, was used to obtain the relevant information from the selected participants. All the data collected in the process were transcribed into text and presented in a narrative form. The six step method formulated by Cresswell (2009:185-189) for data analysis and interpretation was used to analyse the data. Four major themes emerged from the analysis where each theme was differentiated in terms of various categories and subcategories. This process contributed greatly towards gaining detailed information regarding the main purpose of organising a live music performance; identifying the aspects that managers consider to be important when organising a live music performance and those aspects that are important in pre-, during- and post-event planning phases as well as how managers define a memorable experience. Lastly, in Chapter 5 a comparison was performed between the demand and supply sides of live music performances in order to establish whether any differences exist amongst the aspects that management consider to be important compared to the critical success factors that the visitors regard as being important to achieve a memorable visitor experience. Both qualitative (supply side) and quantitative (demand side) research methods were implemented in this research. The results of the critical success factors drawn from the first and second articles were used to conduct this research. The results of both the demand and supply sides were subsequently compared with one another where significant differences had been identified. This was the first time that research was conducted from both the demand and supply sides within the live music performance environment. The results of this research contribute greatly to literature and to the music industry. In addition, this was also the first time that both a qualitative and a quantitative research method were applied in research conducted at live music performances and which were subsequently compared with one another. Determining the differences between the critical success factors identified contributes towards event specific education and information for current as well as future live music performance managers. Therefore, results of this research can be employed to educate and inform current and future managers in the live music performance industry regarding important aspects relating to the enhancement of the important critical success factors that contribute to a memorable experience when individuals attend a live music performance. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014