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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Análise filogenética de pestivírus isolados entre 1995 e 2014 no Brasil

Silveira, Simone January 2015 (has links)
A bovinocultura é um dos destaques do agronegócio brasileiro no cenário mundial, uma vez que o País tem o maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo e é o maior exportador de carne bovina. Para manter e melhorar a competitividade no mercado internacional é fundamental o monitoramento da sanidade animal e a aplicação de programas sanitários adequados e eficientes, especialmente em relação às doenças virais que causam grande impacto na produtividade. As infecções em bovinos causadas por pestivírus resultam em grandes perdas econômicas em todo mundo. Estas podem variar de subclínicas até fatais e pode envolver sinais clínicos respiratórios, reprodutivos e digestivos. As espécies virais pertencentes à família Flaviviridae, gênero Pestivirus, que causam estas infecções são: vírus da diarreia viral bovina tipo 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV tipo 2 (BVDV-2) e vírus da doença da fronteira (BDV), além de um pestivírus atípico, o vírus Hobi-like. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar filogeneticamente isolados de pestivírus detectados no Brasil entre 1995 e 2014. Para isso, 89 isolados de pestivírus foram amplificadas por RT-PCR, sequenciadas e analisadas filogeneticamente em três regiões genômicas, região 5’ não traduzida (5’UTR), autoprotease N terminal (Npro) e glicoproteína 2 (E2). Estes isolados eram provenientes de amostras biológicas de bovinos, soro fetal bovino e de cultivos celulares contaminados, de seis estados brasileiros (PB, PR, MS, MT, RS, SC). No total, 53,9% das sequências foram identificadas como BVDV-1, 33,7% como BVDV-2 e 12,3% como vírus Hobi-like. Os subgenótipos predominantes foram BVDV-1a (35,9%) e BVDV-2b (31,4%), porém, BVDV-1b (10,1%), 1d (6,7%), 2c (2,2%) e 1e (1,1%) também foram identificados. O BVDV-1e e 2c foram descritos pela primeira vez no Brasil. Estes resultados poderão contribuir para o desenvolvimento de vacinas e testes de diagnósticos mais eficazes, visando futuros programas de controle e erradicação destes vírus no País. / The livestock is one of the highlights of Brazilian agribusiness in the world scenario. Since Brazil has the world’s largest commercial cattle population and is the largest beef exporter. To maintain and improve the competitiveness in the international market, is essential to monitor the animal health and the application of appropriate and efficient disease control programs, especially in relation to viral diseases, which cause major impact on productivity. Infection caused by pestiviruses in cattle results in great economic losses worldwide. It can vary from subclinical to fatal, and may involve respiratory, reproductive and digestive clinical signs. The viral species belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus, that are the bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV type 2 (BVDV-2) and border disease virus (BDV), and one atypical pestivirus, the Hobi-like virus. The aim of this study was to phylogenetically characterize pestiviruses detected in Brazil between 1995 and 2014. For this, 89 pestivirus isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetically analyzed in three genomic regions, 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR), N terminal autoprotease (Npro) and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2). These isolates were from biological samples of cattle, fetal bovine serum and contaminated cell cultures from six Brazilian Federal States (PB, PR, MS, MT, RS, SC). In total, 53.9% sequences were identified as BVDV-1, 33.7% as BVDV-2 and 12.3% as Hobi-like viruses. The predominant subgenotypes were BVDV-1a (35.9%) and BVDV-2b (31.4%). Furthermore, BVDV-1b (10.1%), 1d (6.7%), 2c (2.2%) and 1e (1.1%) were also identified. The BVDV-1e and 2c were described for the first time in Brazil. These results will contribute for the development of more efficient vaccines and diagnostic tests, aiming future pestivirus control and eradication programs in Brazil.
2

Análise filogenética de pestivírus isolados entre 1995 e 2014 no Brasil

Silveira, Simone January 2015 (has links)
A bovinocultura é um dos destaques do agronegócio brasileiro no cenário mundial, uma vez que o País tem o maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo e é o maior exportador de carne bovina. Para manter e melhorar a competitividade no mercado internacional é fundamental o monitoramento da sanidade animal e a aplicação de programas sanitários adequados e eficientes, especialmente em relação às doenças virais que causam grande impacto na produtividade. As infecções em bovinos causadas por pestivírus resultam em grandes perdas econômicas em todo mundo. Estas podem variar de subclínicas até fatais e pode envolver sinais clínicos respiratórios, reprodutivos e digestivos. As espécies virais pertencentes à família Flaviviridae, gênero Pestivirus, que causam estas infecções são: vírus da diarreia viral bovina tipo 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV tipo 2 (BVDV-2) e vírus da doença da fronteira (BDV), além de um pestivírus atípico, o vírus Hobi-like. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar filogeneticamente isolados de pestivírus detectados no Brasil entre 1995 e 2014. Para isso, 89 isolados de pestivírus foram amplificadas por RT-PCR, sequenciadas e analisadas filogeneticamente em três regiões genômicas, região 5’ não traduzida (5’UTR), autoprotease N terminal (Npro) e glicoproteína 2 (E2). Estes isolados eram provenientes de amostras biológicas de bovinos, soro fetal bovino e de cultivos celulares contaminados, de seis estados brasileiros (PB, PR, MS, MT, RS, SC). No total, 53,9% das sequências foram identificadas como BVDV-1, 33,7% como BVDV-2 e 12,3% como vírus Hobi-like. Os subgenótipos predominantes foram BVDV-1a (35,9%) e BVDV-2b (31,4%), porém, BVDV-1b (10,1%), 1d (6,7%), 2c (2,2%) e 1e (1,1%) também foram identificados. O BVDV-1e e 2c foram descritos pela primeira vez no Brasil. Estes resultados poderão contribuir para o desenvolvimento de vacinas e testes de diagnósticos mais eficazes, visando futuros programas de controle e erradicação destes vírus no País. / The livestock is one of the highlights of Brazilian agribusiness in the world scenario. Since Brazil has the world’s largest commercial cattle population and is the largest beef exporter. To maintain and improve the competitiveness in the international market, is essential to monitor the animal health and the application of appropriate and efficient disease control programs, especially in relation to viral diseases, which cause major impact on productivity. Infection caused by pestiviruses in cattle results in great economic losses worldwide. It can vary from subclinical to fatal, and may involve respiratory, reproductive and digestive clinical signs. The viral species belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus, that are the bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV type 2 (BVDV-2) and border disease virus (BDV), and one atypical pestivirus, the Hobi-like virus. The aim of this study was to phylogenetically characterize pestiviruses detected in Brazil between 1995 and 2014. For this, 89 pestivirus isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetically analyzed in three genomic regions, 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR), N terminal autoprotease (Npro) and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2). These isolates were from biological samples of cattle, fetal bovine serum and contaminated cell cultures from six Brazilian Federal States (PB, PR, MS, MT, RS, SC). In total, 53.9% sequences were identified as BVDV-1, 33.7% as BVDV-2 and 12.3% as Hobi-like viruses. The predominant subgenotypes were BVDV-1a (35.9%) and BVDV-2b (31.4%). Furthermore, BVDV-1b (10.1%), 1d (6.7%), 2c (2.2%) and 1e (1.1%) were also identified. The BVDV-1e and 2c were described for the first time in Brazil. These results will contribute for the development of more efficient vaccines and diagnostic tests, aiming future pestivirus control and eradication programs in Brazil.
3

Análise filogenética de pestivírus isolados entre 1995 e 2014 no Brasil

Silveira, Simone January 2015 (has links)
A bovinocultura é um dos destaques do agronegócio brasileiro no cenário mundial, uma vez que o País tem o maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo e é o maior exportador de carne bovina. Para manter e melhorar a competitividade no mercado internacional é fundamental o monitoramento da sanidade animal e a aplicação de programas sanitários adequados e eficientes, especialmente em relação às doenças virais que causam grande impacto na produtividade. As infecções em bovinos causadas por pestivírus resultam em grandes perdas econômicas em todo mundo. Estas podem variar de subclínicas até fatais e pode envolver sinais clínicos respiratórios, reprodutivos e digestivos. As espécies virais pertencentes à família Flaviviridae, gênero Pestivirus, que causam estas infecções são: vírus da diarreia viral bovina tipo 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV tipo 2 (BVDV-2) e vírus da doença da fronteira (BDV), além de um pestivírus atípico, o vírus Hobi-like. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar filogeneticamente isolados de pestivírus detectados no Brasil entre 1995 e 2014. Para isso, 89 isolados de pestivírus foram amplificadas por RT-PCR, sequenciadas e analisadas filogeneticamente em três regiões genômicas, região 5’ não traduzida (5’UTR), autoprotease N terminal (Npro) e glicoproteína 2 (E2). Estes isolados eram provenientes de amostras biológicas de bovinos, soro fetal bovino e de cultivos celulares contaminados, de seis estados brasileiros (PB, PR, MS, MT, RS, SC). No total, 53,9% das sequências foram identificadas como BVDV-1, 33,7% como BVDV-2 e 12,3% como vírus Hobi-like. Os subgenótipos predominantes foram BVDV-1a (35,9%) e BVDV-2b (31,4%), porém, BVDV-1b (10,1%), 1d (6,7%), 2c (2,2%) e 1e (1,1%) também foram identificados. O BVDV-1e e 2c foram descritos pela primeira vez no Brasil. Estes resultados poderão contribuir para o desenvolvimento de vacinas e testes de diagnósticos mais eficazes, visando futuros programas de controle e erradicação destes vírus no País. / The livestock is one of the highlights of Brazilian agribusiness in the world scenario. Since Brazil has the world’s largest commercial cattle population and is the largest beef exporter. To maintain and improve the competitiveness in the international market, is essential to monitor the animal health and the application of appropriate and efficient disease control programs, especially in relation to viral diseases, which cause major impact on productivity. Infection caused by pestiviruses in cattle results in great economic losses worldwide. It can vary from subclinical to fatal, and may involve respiratory, reproductive and digestive clinical signs. The viral species belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus, that are the bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV type 2 (BVDV-2) and border disease virus (BDV), and one atypical pestivirus, the Hobi-like virus. The aim of this study was to phylogenetically characterize pestiviruses detected in Brazil between 1995 and 2014. For this, 89 pestivirus isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetically analyzed in three genomic regions, 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR), N terminal autoprotease (Npro) and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2). These isolates were from biological samples of cattle, fetal bovine serum and contaminated cell cultures from six Brazilian Federal States (PB, PR, MS, MT, RS, SC). In total, 53.9% sequences were identified as BVDV-1, 33.7% as BVDV-2 and 12.3% as Hobi-like viruses. The predominant subgenotypes were BVDV-1a (35.9%) and BVDV-2b (31.4%). Furthermore, BVDV-1b (10.1%), 1d (6.7%), 2c (2.2%) and 1e (1.1%) were also identified. The BVDV-1e and 2c were described for the first time in Brazil. These results will contribute for the development of more efficient vaccines and diagnostic tests, aiming future pestivirus control and eradication programs in Brazil.
4

Genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses isolated from cattle in South Africa

Ularamu, H.G. (Hussaini Gulak) 15 June 2011 (has links)
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) has emerged as one of the economically important pathogens in cattle populations with a worldwide distribution and causing a complex of disease syndromes. It is a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Two genotypes (1 and 2) of BVDV exist and can be distinguished on the basis of the 5' non-coding region (5' NCR) of the genome using real-time PCR. This technique is more sensitive, specific, less time consuming and has reduced risks of cross contamination of samples compared to a conventional PCR. Limited information exists on BVDV genetic subtypes in South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of BVDV currently circulating in South African feedlots. A total of 279 specimens (219 tissue samples, 59 trans-tracheal aspirates and one blood sample) were collected from dead and living cattle. Pooled homogenates from the same animals were prepared and total RNA was extracted from 200 μl of the homogenates using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) as described by the manufacturer. A screening test was performed on the pooled samples and positive pools were investigated individually. The Cador BVDV Type 1/2 RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used for the real-time PCR assay. The PCR was performed on a Lightcycler® V2 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) real-time PCR machine and the amplified products were detected via fluorescent dyes. The results were read at 530 and 640 nm for BVDV 1 and 2, respectively. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus was detected in a total of 103 samples that included 91 tissue samples, one blood sample and 11 trans-tracheal aspirates. Eighty five of the strains were genotype 1 strains and 18 were genotype 2. These results represent the first documented evidence for the presence of BVDV genotype 2 in South African cattle. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted
5

Emergência do grupo de pestivírus hobi-like e impacto no diagnóstico e controle do vírus da diarréia viral bovina / Emergence of hobi-like pestivirus and impact on the diagnostic and control of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bauermann, Fernando Viçosa 17 June 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The genus Pestivirus is composed by four important pathogens of livestock: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and border disease virus (BDV) of sheep. An emerging group of pestivirus temptatively called as HoBi-like, BVDV-3, or atypical pestiviruses was first detected and characterized in Europe from a fetal bovine serum (FBS) lot originated in Brazil. HoBi-like viruses share genetic and antigenic similarities with BVDV species. The present thesis is composed by studies that address the emergence of this virus group and its potential impact on BVDV diagnostic and control. Monoclonal antibody binding demonstrated the existence of conserved regions within epitopes in the glycoprotein Erns and the non-structural protein NS2/3 among the pestiviruses species (BVDV-1; BVDV-2; e HoBi-like), whereas high degree of divergence was detected in glycoprotein E2. These findings suggest that panpestiviruses diagnostic tests may rely on the Erns and NS2/3 proteins, and pestiviruses specific species diagnostic tests should target the E2 glycoprotein. The threshold for detection of HoBi-like virus using commercial BVDV antigen capture ELISA was statistically similar to BVDV detection. On the other hand, two BVDV antibody detection ELISA kits failed to detect at least 20% of animals harboring antibodies against HoBi_D32/00. Thus, it is obvious the need for the development of specific diagnostic tests to HoBi-like viruses. Likewise, it was verified that vaccines containing strains of BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 inactivated or modified live (MLV) virus generate suboptimal protection against HoBi-like viruses. Higher levels of protective antibodies against HoBi-like virus were verified using MLV. Nevertheless the geometric mean titer for HoBi-like was 12.9, while 51.1 and 23.5 for BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, respectively. In addition to low levels of protective antibodies, seroconversion was verified in 68% of animals to HoBi-like virus, although reached 100% and 94% against BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, respectively. Regarding to the diagnostic and control of pestiviruses, the trade of FBS may poses as an important route for dissemination of agents contaminating this product. Composed by a homogenate of serum from hundreds to thousands of fetuses, pestiviruses screening in FBS lots are potentially an important source of information regarding the presence and/or dissemination of these viruses in the region where samples were originated from. Therefore, FBS lots originated in North American countries and processed in the United States of America (USA) or Europe were tested. While several lots were detected as positive for BVDV, none of the lots manufactured in the USA were detected as positive for HoBi-like viruses or antibodies against it. However, two FBS lots processed in Europe were positive for HoBi-like viruses, suggesting that the contamination did occur during the pooling or package of these samples in Europe. These results strongly indicate the need for international rules regarding certification of FBS origin, employment of certified diagnostic tests and measures to avoid contamination of FBS during the manufacturing process. Was also verified the need to include specific tests to detect HoBi-like viruses in the FBS quality control routine. Briefly, the studies here presented demonstrated that the available BVDV diagnostic tests frequently fail in detecting HoBi-like viruses and/or differentiate between HoBi-like virus and BVDV species. In addition, the detection of animal harboring antibodies against HoBi-like using commercial diagnostic tests is unreliable. Likewise, in-vitro studies demonstrated that the cross protection against HoBi-like viruses in serum of animals immunized against BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 is limited. Therefore, the detection and control of this emergent group of viruses require the development of specific diagnostic tests and vaccines. / O gênero Pestivirus é composto por quatro espécies virais: vírus da diarréia viral bovina tipos 1 e 2 (BVDV-1 e BVDV-2), vírus da peste suína clássica (CSFV) e vírus da doença da fronteira (BDV). Um novo grupo de pestivírus, provisoriamente denominado de HoBi-like, BVDV-3, ou pestivirus atípicos foi inicialmente identificado na Europa em uma amostra de soro fetal bovino (SFB) importada do Brasil. O vírus (ou grupo de vírus) HoBi-like possui similaridades ao nível genético e antigênico com o BVDV. A presente tese apresenta trabalhos de avaliação do impacto da emergência deste novo grupo de vírus no diagnóstico e controle do BVDV. Utilizando anticorpos monoclonais, verificou-se maior reatividade cruzada entre as espécies de pestivírus (BVDV-1; BVDV-2; e HoBi-like) em epitopos da glicoproteína Erns e proteína não-estrutural NS2/3, comparando com epitopos da glicoproteína E2. Assim, sugere-se que testes panpestivírus devem ser direcionados às proteínas Erns e NS2/3, enquanto testes específicos podem explorar diferenças existentes na glicoproteína E2. Por meio de um teste comercial de ELISA de captura de antígeno, verificou-se que o limiar de detecção do vírus HoBi_D32/00 é estatisticamente similar ao do BVDV. Entretanto, dois kits de ELISA para a detecção de anticorpos contra o BVDV falharam em detectar ao menos 20% dos animais soropositivos para HoBi_D32/00. Sugere-se a necessidade de reformular os testes diagnósticos para BVDV ou desenvolvimento de testes específicos. Da mesma forma, verificou-se que vacinas para BVDV-1 e BVDV-2 contendo antígenos inativados ou atenuados produzem uma proteção cruzada fraca contra o vírus HoBi-like. Os melhores resultados de proteção foram verificados com o uso de vacina viva atenuada, entretanto, o título médio geométrico (GMT) contra vírus HoBi-like foi de 12,9, enquanto para o BVDV-1 e BVDV-2 foram respectivamente, 51,1 e 23,5. Somado aos baixos títulos de anticorpos, a soroconversão verificada para o vírus HoBi-like foi de 68% dos animais, enquanto 100% e 94% para BVDV-1 e BVDV-2, respectivamente. Relacionado ao diagnóstico e controle dos pestivírus, o comércio de SFB possui papel relevante na disseminação de agentes infecciosos. Composto por um homogeneizado do soro de centenas a milhares de fetos bovinos, lotes de SFB possuem alto potencial para a identificação de pestivírus circulantes na região de origem dos animais abatidos. Assim, foram testados lotes de SFB originados na América do Norte e manufaturados nos EUA ou na Europa. Apesar de vários lotes estarem contaminados com BVDV, não foi evidenciada a presença do vírus HoBi-like ou de anticorpos específicos em lotes produzidos nos EUA. Entretanto, foi detectada a presença do agente em dois lotes manufaturados na Europa, indicando a possibilidade de contaminação dessas amostras durante o processo de pooling e embalagem na Europa. Demonstra-se imprescindível a criação de regras internacionais relacionadas à certificação de origem do SFB, a implementação de testes padrão para a detecção de agentes, e adoção de medidas que impeçam a contaminação do produto durante o processamento. Verificou-se também a necessidade de incluir testes específicos para os vírus HoBi-like na rotina de testes utilizada para certificação de qualidade do SFB. Em resumo, os resultados demonstraram que os testes diagnósticos para BVDV frequentemente falham em detectar o vírus HoBi-like ou em diferenciar BVDV de HoBi-like vírus. Testes comerciais para detecção de anticorpos contra BVDV não detectam eficientemente animais expostos ao vírus HoBi-like. Da mesma forma, estudos in-vitro demonstram que a proteção cruzada contra o vírus HoBi-like conferida a animais vacinados para BVDV é limitada. Assim, medidas de detecção e controle para pestivírus devem incluir testes diagnósticos e vacinas específica para o vírus HoBi-like.

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