Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-19T19:24:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 deborapereirapaiva.pdf: 3487935 bytes, checksum: f76d26a3bf79c0cd09fcfcb0fb518ccc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:23:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 deborapereirapaiva.pdf: 3487935 bytes, checksum: f76d26a3bf79c0cd09fcfcb0fb518ccc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 deborapereirapaiva.pdf: 3487935 bytes, checksum: f76d26a3bf79c0cd09fcfcb0fb518ccc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-08 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A fobia social é definida como ansiedade clinicamente significativa provocada pela exposição a certos tipos de situações sociais ou de desempenho, freqüentemente levando ao comportamento de esquiva. A associação entre fobia social e alcoolismo é bem documentada na literatura recente, neste sentido, a dissertação de mestrado em questão teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência de fobia social entre pacientes internados em um Hospital de parceria pública na cidade de Juiz de Fora – MG. A população alvo constituiu-se de sujeitos, maiores de 18 anos, que estavam internados em decorrência de problemas relacionados ao consumo de álcool. Foram utilizados três instrumentos de pesquisa: Inventário de Ansiedade e Fobia Social (SPAI); Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), cujo objetivo é avaliar a presença de sintomas ansiosos e o Teste para Identificação de problemas relacionados ao Uso de Álcool (AUDIT). Os resultados encontrados apontaram uma prevalência de provável fobia social em 13% da amostra, 23% da amostra apresentaram ansiedade grave e 14% ansiedade moderada. Com relação ao consumo de álcool, 81% da amostra apresentaram dependência de álcool e 11% uso nocivo. Os dados indicaram que 34% da amostra apresentam de um provável quadro de agorafobia. A agorafobia, diferente da fobia social, caracteriza-se por uma ansiedade acerca de estar em locais ou situações das quais escapar poderia ser difícil (ou embaraçoso) ou nas quais o auxílio pode não estar disponível. O estudo confirma a associação entre fobia social e dependência de álcool em 11% da amostra e chama atenção para a alta prevalência de agorafobia (34%). A associação entre ansiedade grave e alcoolismo foi encontrada em 23% da amostra. / Social phobia is defined as clinically significant anxiety provoked by exposure to certain types of social or performance situations, often leading to avoidance behavior. The association between social phobia and alcoholism is well documented in recent literature, in this sense, the dissertation in question aimed to investigate the prevalence of social phobia among patients admitted to a hospital public partnership in the city of Juiz de Fora - MG. The target population consisted of subjects aged over 18 years who were hospitalized due to problems related to alcohol consumption. We used three research instruments: Inventory of Social Phobia and Anxiety (SPAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), whose objective is to assess the presence of anxiety symptoms and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The results indicate a probable prevalence of social phobia in 13% of the sample, 23% had severe anxiety and 14% moderate anxiety. With respect to alcohol consumption, 81% had alcohol dependence and harmful use 11%. The data indicated that 34% of the sample has a likely part of agoraphobia. Agoraphobia, different from social phobia, is characterized by an anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help may not be available. The study confirms the association between social phobia and alcohol dependence in 11% of the sample and draws attention to the high prevalence of agoraphobia (34%). The association between severe anxiety and alcoholism was found in 23% of the sample.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the development and course of social phobia by analysing qualitatively all the textual material obtained about the persons with treatment-resistant social phobia who, during the years 1995-2000, underwent a surgical procedure called endoscopic sympathetic block (ESB) to alleviate their phobic symptoms. In the other part of this study, the effect of this surgical procedure on social phobia was assessed quantitatively. The qualitative part of the study was based on the phenomenologic-existential philosophy and the principles of grounded theory. The qualitative analysis revealed four kinds of parenthood in the families of socially phobic persons: a violent, alcoholic type, a dominant type with high demands, a negligent type and a good enough type. A "vicious circle of social phobia" was formulated as a substantial category. The quantitative part of the study was an open, prospective follow-up study, where 169 patients operated on for social phobia during the years 1995–2000 were followed up for 5 years, and the changes in their symptoms were estimated using a modified version of Davidson's brief social phobia scale and the Liebowitz quality of life scale. The quantitative and qualitative parts of the study were linked together by investigating each person's family background with a semi-structured interview. According to variation analysis of the results, all symptoms of social phobia seemed to be alleviated highly significantly by ESB, and the results remained similar throughout the follow-up. Reflex sweating of the trunk was the only significant side effect. Overall satisfaction with the operation was estimated to be 3.5 on a five-point scale, representing the description "some help of the operation". Thus, ESB can be regarded as an additional treatment method for social phobia if traditional treatment with medication and psychotherapy has not provided any help for the patient.

Hate crime laws in both Canada and the United States purport to promote equality using the language of antidiscrimination law. National criminal codes in both countries authorize enhanced punishment for crimes motivated by “sexual orientation” but not “gender identity” or “gender expression.” Cities and states in the United States have also adopted hate crime laws, some of which denounce both homophobic and trans-phobic crimes. Hate crime penalty enhancement laws have been applied by courts in both Canada and the United States to establish a growing jurisprudence. In both countries, moreover, other hate crime laws contribute to official legal knowledge by regulating hate speech, hate crime statistics, and conduct equivalent to hate crimes in schools, workplaces, and elsewhere. Yet, despite the proliferation of hate crime laws and jurisprudence, governmental officials do not control all legal knowledge about hate crimes. Sociological “others” attend criminal sentencing proceedings and provide support to hate crime victims during prosecutions, but they also frame their own unofficial inquiries and announce their own classification decisions for hate-related events. In both Canada and the United States, nongovernmental groups contend both inside and outside official governmental channels to establish legal knowledge about homophobic and trans-phobic hate crimes. In two comparable Canadian and American cities, similar groups monitor and classify homophobic and trans-phobic attacks using a variety of information practices. Interviews with representatives of these groups reveal a relationship between the practices of each group and hate crime laws at each site. The results support one principal conclusion. The availability of local legislative power and a local mechanism for public review are key determinants of the sites and styles of nongovernmental contention about hate crimes. Where police gather and publish official hate crime statistics, the official classification system serves as both a site for mobilization, and a constraint on the styles of contention used by nongovernmental groups. Where police do not gather or publish hate crime statistics, nongovernmental groups are deprived of the resource represented by a local site for social contention, but their styles of contention are liberated from the subtle influences of an official hate crime classification system. / Law, Faculty of / Graduate

This research examines rural, pre-adolescent student images, concerns, questions and knowledge about the disease Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). A secondary objective is to determine if responses are influenced by gender. A qualitative survey was administered to six classes of Grade 6 students (n = 131), within two public education districts in the province of British Columbia. Student participants had no previous formal AIDS education instruction. Pupil images, concerns, questions and knowledge concerning AIDS are investigated by means of open-ended, survey questions requiring both pictorial and written responses. The study is designed, conducted and analyzed from a generative learning theory perspective. By ascertaining specific student concerns surrounding AIDS it is hoped that educators will be able to design AIDS curriculum that is both developmentally appropriate for and conceptually befitting to early adolescent needs. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

This study examined several aspects of the anxiety program described in the Clark and Wells' (1995; Clark, 2001) cognitive model of social phobia, and provided information about the relationship between some of these variables. This study also examined the effect of social appraisals on cognition, affect, and self-protection. Positive and negative interpersonal appraisals were manipulated in 42 patients with social phobia and 42 community control participants. Participants then engaged in a social interaction with a confederate based on the reciprocity self-disclosure paradigm. Participants completed measures of cognitive appraisal, focus of attention, recall, affect, and self-disclosure. Personnel completed similar measures. Results revealed that, consistent with the cognitive model, individuals with social phobia displayed more self-focused attention, more negative affect, and more selfprotective behaviours, i.e. were less self-disclosive, than non-phobic control participants. There were no differences on the recall measure. The results suggested that it was possible to manipulate social appraisals. Interestingly, the largest discrepancy between participants with social phobia and controls occurred for self-disclosure in the positive social appraisal condition. The results also provided some clarification about the temporal sequence among the components of the anxiety program, and the role of self-focused attention in social phobia. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

This study examined the impact of positive or negative interpersonal feedback on standard-setting, affect, and motivational concerns, within the framework of selfregulation theories of social anxiety. Thirty-two individuals who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (rev. 3rd ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) criteria for social phobia and 32 nonclinical controls participated in a successful or unsuccessful conversation with an assistant. Subjects rated two aspects of self-regulation (self-efficacy and standards), positive and negative affect, and motivational concerns. Consistent with predictions, socially phobic subjects displayed a discrepancy between what they believed they could achieve (efficacy) and what they believed others expected of them (standard) and the magnitude of this discrepancy increased when they had succeeded at the social task. In addition, anxious subjects reported higher levels of positive affect after experiencing social success than they did after experiencing social failure but they did not relinquish protective concerns. There was no evidence that socially phobic subjects were distressed by social success but the results illuminate dysfunctional standard-setting. Specifically, socially phobic individuals perceive larger discrepancies between their ability and expectations following success than they do following failure. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

M.Ed. / Truancy, which according to Thompson and Rudolph (1992:513), is a deliberate absence from school without a valid reason, is a problem that probably dates back to the initial institution of large scale formal schooling. Although it may seem obvious that the reason for truancy is related to the fact that the truant prefers to be elsewhere, or that he finds the school an unpleasant place to be, the underlying reasons for truancy are more difficult to pinpoint. Research conducted in 1991 and 1992 in the United Kingdom (O'Keefe, 1994:48), and which included 150 schools, revealed that a significant number of pupils of compulsory school—going age become involved in truancy. Statistics reported by the research team themselves, based on a survey which involved questionnaires, suggested that if the results of their survey could be extrapolated to all schools, then a 95 per cent confidence interval for the mean truancy level in schools, is between 29.7 per cent and 32.4 per cent. About two thirds (68%), of all schools should have truancy levels between 22.7 per cent and 39.3 per cent, and 96 per cent of all schools should have levels between 14.4 per cent and 47.4 per cent. If these statistics could be used as a guide to estimate an average of truants per school, the enormity of the prevalence of truancy becomes evident. According to McWhirter and McWhirter (1993:58), truants tend to have what is termed a "dropouts perspective". They claim that dropouts inter alia tend to leave school for the following reasons: * a dislike for school, with the opinion that school is boring and not relevant to their needs * low academic achievement and poor grades * poverty, a desire to work full-time, and a need for money, and * a lack of belonging and a sense that nobody cares about them Some of these attributes might thus also obtain for many truants. Paterson (Wardaugh, 1990: 744), proposes two broad categories of truants, namely the "endangered" truant (also termed the delinquent or morally endangered truant), and the "fearful" truant (also termed the school phobic or abused truant). The "endangered" truant is prone to falling into trouble when absent from school, while the "fearful" truant wishes to go to school, but is afraid to do so. Truancy is also listed by Kapp (1990:119) as one of the behaviours manifested by juvenile delinquents along with various other delinquencies such as theft, running away from home, use and distribution of drugs, burglary, vandalism, assault and robbery, thus suggesting that truancy is associated with these misdemeanours. Healy (Tyerman, 1968:10), notes that truancy is the root of all these misbehaviours, and he described truancy as "the kindergarten of crime". In 1944 Burt (1944:455) already referred to truancy as "the first step on the downward stair to crime". According to Hersov and Berg (1980:67), truancy is a reliable predictor of difficulties in later life. They also report that school truancy significantly predicts four subsequent child events: being held back in elementary school, dropping out of high school,leaving the parental home before the age of 18, and marriage before the age of 18. Thus, it would appear that the prognosis for truants in terms of completing their schooling, securing stable employment and fulfilling responsible citizenship, without being a burden to their future spouses, families, communities and the state, is rather uncertain. Against this background, there can be little argument that the phenomenon of truancy is serious enough to warrant a counseling programme that will be effective in treating truants in the light of their problems in such a way that they will obtain a balanced perspective of the value of regular school attendance. In South Africa, the incidence of truancy, in the old racially biased provincial education schooling system of the House of Assembly (HOA), could be measured quite accurately, simply by consulting the class register over a period of time. Through investigating the circumstances surrounding the absenteeism the teacher could quite easily determine whether such circumstances met the criteria for classification of such absentees as truants. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for the schools which were under the jurisdiction of the former Department of Education and Training (DET), of which the researcher was an employee for a number of years. Not only were records of attendance not kept properly in many instances to be able to determine how often a pupil was absent, but even if attendance records had been kept properly, the possible reasons for staying away from school, such as political violence, intimidation, and caring for younger siblings, do also not meet the criteria for classifying such an absentee as a truant. What is however also true, is that large numbers of former DET pupils could have exploited the prevailing situation at the time and could have stayed away from school for reasons that may well have qualified them as truants. Many schools served by the former House of Delegates (HOD), and the former House of Representatives (HOR), were, maybe, just as seriously affected by the political climate as the DET schools. The level of absenteeism related to unrest situations in the former HOD and HOR schools makes it just as difficult to distinguish between the "truants" and the "bona fide" absentees during those turbulent times. For this reason it was decided to restrict the scope of the present study to truants in schools which traditionally fell under the provincial education system of the former House of Assembly.

El presente proyecto sobre un soporte tecnológico al tratamiento de pacientes que sufren fobia social y agorafobia utilizando escenarios de Virtual Reality busca desarrollar una solución efectiva para reducir el tiempo del tratamiento psicológico y que dicha solución sea accesible en términos económicos a los centros psicológicos. El tratamiento de exposición en realidad virtual es una alternativa al tratamiento de exposición en vivo y exposición en imaginación que se le da a los pacientes que sufren fobia social y agorafobia en el Perú. En el proyecto solo se utilizan dispositivos de realidad virtual económicos, que no incurran en altos costos como un HTC VIVE u Oculus Rift. Además, se busca utilizar tecnologías Open Source y un motor de juego que no involucre pagar regalías. Finalmente, para evaluar los beneficios del software desarrollado se harán pruebas con pacientes que tengas estos padecimientos y se realizará una comparativa entre los que tomaron la terapia con el software frente a los que tomaron el tratamiento de exposición en imaginación. / The virtual reality exposure treatments (VRET) are currently being used to provide support for psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy given to patients with fears and phobias. The objective of this document is to determine the feasibility in terms of effectiveness of the use of VRET to treat social phobia and agoraphobia in the treatment of patients who suffer from it. The effectiveness is evaluated based on the comparison of the reduction of anxiety scores with respect to sweating, heart rate, subjective units of anxiety (SUA) and clinical criteria in a period of 6 weeks of treatment with a specialized psychologist who monitors the software on 5 patients with social phobia and another 5 with agoraphobia. / Tesis

Aus der Einleitung: "In den vergangenen 15 Jahren sind in verschiedenen Ländern der Welt größere epidemiologische Studien zur Häufigkeit psychischer Störungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung durchgeführt worden, die auch eine grobe Abschätzung der Häufigkeit Sozialer Phobien erlauben. Ein Überblick über diese Studien ergibt allerdings auf den ersten Blick ein recht verwirrendes Bild, da die Prävalenzabschätzungen der verschiedenen Studien eine scheinbar widersprüchliche Befundlage erkennen lassen. Ältere - vor Einführung expliziter diagnostischer Kriterien für Soziale Phobi durchgeführte Studien aus den 60er und frühen 70er Jahren - schätzten die Prävalenz dieses Krankheitsbildes auf lediglich 1% (1). [...]"

This paper provides a critical review of the prevalence of social phobia in European countries, a description of associated disability and burden and of clinical correlates and risk factors associated with social phobia. On the basis of a comprehensive literature search we identified 21 community studies and two primary care studies. The median lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of social phobia in community samples referring to DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria were 6.65% and 2.0%, respectively. Younger individuals showed the highest rates, and women were more frequently affected than men. Social phobia was shown to be a persistent condition with a remarkably high degree of comorbid conditions, associated impairment and disability. Research deficits lie in a lack of data for most EU countries and in a lack of studies in children and the elderly. No data are available addressing met and unmet needs for intervention and costs, and data for vulnerability and risk factors of malignant course are scarce.