No description available.

No description available.

Objective: This study examined (a) the distribution of physical symptoms in youth with specific primary anxiety disorders (i.e. separation anxiety disorder [SAD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], and social phobia [SP]) and (b) their response to treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; 14 sessions of CBT over the course of 12 weeks), medication, combination therapy (CBT + medication), or pill placebo in a sample. Method: Anxiety disordered youth (N = 488, age 7-17) who met criteria for a primary diagnosis of GAD, SAD, and/or SP as part of the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS; Walkup et al. 2008) were included in this study. The sample was diverse and included children with comorbid secondary diagnoses. Results: The most common somatic complaints were headache, stomach pain or aches, feeling drowsy or too sleepy, head cold or sniffles, and sleeplessness. The distribution of these complaints did not differ across diagnostic groups. The number and severity of physical symptoms decreased over the course of treatment. Treatment condition, including placebo, was unrelated to the number and severity of physical symptoms posttreatment. Conclusions: Treatment of anxiety leads to a decrease in the number and severity of physical symptoms experienced in anxiety-disordered youth, irrespective of treatment type. / Psychology

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders and one that is particularly disruptive of social relationships. Socially anxious individuals often have trouble forming and maintaining intimate relationships, as evidenced by a high divorce rate and low relationship satisfaction within existing relationships. However, little is known about the specific reasons why relationships involving socially anxious individuals suffer. Initial research suggests that such relationships may be characterized by lower levels of emotional intimacy and difficulties managing and resolving conflict. The current study aimed to detect specific problems socially anxious individuals have communicating with their partners during conflict and support-seeking conversations. Male (n = 50) and female (n = 57) undergraduates ("actors") and their intimate partners ("partners") completed two videotaped conversations in our laboratory. One conversation featured a topic of conflict within the relationship, whereas the other focused on a personal problem experienced by the actor. Outcomes of interest included level of engagement and expressiveness of the actor, presence of positive (e.g., humor) and negative (e.g., withdrawal) communication behavior by the actor, feelings of satisfaction and closeness of both partners, and emotions experienced by both partners. We hypothesized that social anxiety would be associated with lower levels of engagement and expressiveness overall, but especially during conflict. Further, we hypothesized that those higher on social anxiety would demonstrate more negative communication behavior (such as expressing hostility toward their partners) during conflict. Results provided some evidence that socially anxious individuals were less engaged and expressive when speaking with their partners. However, there was no evidence that they used more negative communication behaviors. Our hypothesis that social anxiety would be associated with greater difficulty during conflict had minimal support; rather, conversations in which the actor elicited support appeared to be the most difficult for socially anxious individuals, particularly when emotional experience was considered. Clinical implications and ideas for further research are explored. / Psychology

A pretest-posttest experimental study was conducted on 35 music majors at Taylor University, using questionnaires to measure musical performance anxiety and musical performance quality. The study compared the effectiveness of two different treatments: 1) informal practice performance and 2) a coping skills seminar. Though the students attending the seminar averaged less anxiety after treatment, neither treatment was proven statistically to be effective in reducing the level of anxiety or enhancing musical performance quality. / Ed. D.

Specifik fobi är en vanlig psykiatrisk åkomma som kan leda till stora individuella begränsningar. Symtomen kan framgångsrikt behandlas med kognitiv beteendeterapi där 85–90 % blir kliniskt signifikant förbättrade. Forskning påvisar lovande behandlingsutfall för virtuell exponeringsbehandling (VRET) mot spindelfobi. Tekniken är intressant då den kringgår de problem med anskaffning och förvaring av fobiska stimuli som sedvanlig behandling medför och dessutom kan innebära ökad tillgänglighet och flexibilitet vid behandling. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att jämföra behandlingseffekten av ensessionsbehandling (OST) med en nyutvecklad spelifierad virtuell exponeringsbehandling (VIMSE), som sker under en fristående behandlingssession. Totalt randomiserades 73 deltagare mellan de två behandlingsmetoderna. Båda behandlingarna medförde statistiskt signifikanta förbättringar med stora effektstorlekar för såväl det beteendetest (BAT), som utgjorde det primära utfallsmåttet (OST d = 1,94; VIMSE d = 1,41), som för de sekundära utfallsmåtten Spider Phobia Questionnaire och Fear of Spiders Questionnaire. OST resulterade i signifikant fler kliniskt signifikant förbättrade än VIMSE. / VIMSE (VIrtual reality Method for Spider phobia Exposure therapy)

Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo en un contexto escolar con adolescentes que cumplían criterios diagnósticos para el subtipo generalizado de fobia social (FSG en adelante) (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 78 adolescentes con una edad media de 15.27 Años (DT=0.92; Rango: 14-18 años). Los sujetos fueron clasificados y asignados a tres condiciones experimentales de tratamiento en función de una nueva propuesta de subdivisión y operacionalización de la FSG: levemente, moderadamente y gravemente generalizada. Las tres condiciones experimentales recibieron el paquete multicomponente denominado "Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social". Los resultados mostraron la eficacia del tratamiento tanto a corto como a largo plazo (12 meses) en las tres condiciones experimentales. Respecto a las comparaciones intergrupo, no se hallaron diferencias entre los tres grupos ni en las pruebas de significación estadística ni en las de significación clínica (dejar de cumplir criterios diagnósticos de fobia social). Sin embargo, los valores de los tamaños del efecto indicaron una relación directamente proporcional entre eficacia del tratamiento y gravedad del subtipo: FSGG>FSMG>FSLG. En resumen, los datos obtenidos avalan la significación estadística y clínica de esta intervención en la fobia social adolescente, independientemente de la gravedad supuesta a cada subgrupo del subtipo generalizado de fobia social. / This study displays the results of a research in a school-based setting with adolescents who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for the generalized subtype of social phobia (GSP) (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000). The sample consisted of 78 adolescents with a mean age of 15.27 years (SD=0.92; Age range: 14-18 years). Participants were classified and assigned to three experimental conditions of treatment based on a new proposal of subdivision and operacionalization of GSP: mild, moderate, and severe. The three experimental conditions received a multicomponent package labelled "Intervention in Adolescents with Social Phobia". Results showed the effectiveness of this intervention as well in short as in long-term follow-ups (12 months) in the three experimental groups. Regarding the intergroup comparisons, there were not differences among the three conditions either in the statistical significance tests or in the clinic one (not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for social phobia). However, the values of the effect sizes indicated a directly proportional relationship between effectiveness of our treatment and severity of the subtypes: FSGG> FSMG> FSLG. In summary, the collected data supports the effectiveness of "IAFS", independently of the severity supposed to each subtype of GSP.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:19:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Christina Calaca Geraldini Ferreira.pdf: 833439 bytes, checksum: fdb8e4e398288f28283d9669192693f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-11 / inability to speak in public who were diagnosed with social phobia: a 23- year-old Civil Engineering student, and a 53-year-old Physics graduate student. It was also considered the possibility of extinguishing certain inappropriate behaviors and installing socially relevant new ones. (1) Informant-based strategies: (1.1) functional assessment interview with parents and spouse; (1.2) a social phobia inventory and (2) direct observations demonstrate the control of the procedures, (3) the multiple baseline experimental design was applied. Classes of behavior problems of each participant were selected for intervention, i.e., behavioral excesses and deficits. Interventions were made through individual sessions, between the researcher and each participant. The shaping techniques, shaping with verbal instruction and modeling with verbal instruction were used in order to install new behavioral classes. At the end of the intervention process, (3.1) a programming for generalization with gradual approximation and with public speaking situation reinforcement was conducted. Finally, (3.2) the generalization test itself was used to evaluate the intervention effects, which was an oral report made in front of 32 people in a private university graduate course. One month after the end of the research, the (4) Followup was performed. The data showed that all behaviors were significantly changed after the intervention started and remained during the Follow-up process. It is evident the need of such studies in an attempt to contribute with the quality of life of people with social phobia. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar funcionalmente e intervir sobre a inabilidade de falar em público de dois universitários que possuíam o diagnostico de fobia social: um estudante de engenharia civil, 23 anos e um estudante do mestrado em física, 53 anos de idade. Considerou-se, ainda, a possibilidade de extinguir outros comportamentos inadequados e instalar novos comportamentos socialmente relevantes. Para o seu cumprimento foram utilizadas (1) estratégias com informantes por meio de (1.1) entrevista de avaliação funcional com os pais e cônjuge; um (1.2) inventário de fobia social foi usado e (2) observações diretas registradas em vídeo foram obtidas da inabilidade para falar em público. Foi aplicado o delineamento experimental (3) de linha de base múltipla entre comportamentos para demonstrar o controle dos procedimentos. Para intervenção foram selecionados classes de comportamentos-problema de cada participante, isto é, os déficits e os excessos comportamentais. As intervenções foram feitas em sessões individuais entre pesquisadora e cada participante. As técnicas de modelagem, instrução verbal combinada com elementos de modelagem e modelação com instrução verbal foram utilizadas visando a instalação das novas classes comportamentais. Ao final da intervenção foi efetuada uma (3.1) programação para a generalização com aproximação gradual com reforçamento da situação de falar em público. E, finalmente o próprio (3.2) teste de generalização foi empregado para avaliar os efeitos da intervenção, que foi um relato oral diante de 32 pessoas em um curso de pós-graduação de uma universidade particular. Um mês após o final da pesquisa foi realizado o (4) follow-up. Os dados demostraram que todos os comportamentos modificaram significativamente após o início das intervenções e se mantiveram no follow-up. Fica evidente a necessidade de estudos dessa natureza na tentativa de contribuir para a qualidade de vida de pessoas que apresentam comportamentos de fobia social.

Introdução: A fobia de dirigir é caracterizada como uma fobia específica do tipo situacional e causa sofrimento aqueles que a sentem, não só pelo impacto na rotina, dificultando a mobilidade, mas pelo sofrimento físico e cognitivo causados. Objetivos: Levantar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico geral de quem procura ajuda para tratar a fobia de dirigir, analisar e comparar os perfis relacionados aos desfechos, com a finalidade de identificar as variáveis que poderiam predizer o abandono do tratamento. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em duas fases: estudo transversal, descritivo com 1.640 pacientes que buscaram tratamento para Fobia Específica de Dirigir e estudo transversal, de uma coorte retrospectiva, com 1.541 pacientes, do sexo feminino, submetidos a tratamento psicoterápico para esta fobia e que alcançaram os desfechos Sucesso ou Insucesso. Todos os dados foram coletados dos formulários de pacientes atendidos em uma clínica especializada, entre 2008 e 2016, cadastrados no Research Eletronic Data Capture (REDCap), transportados para o Statisctical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS) e suas variáveis submetidas a análise descritiva e testes estatísticos do Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher, Teste T ou Teste não Paramétrico. Resultados e Conclusão: Considerando a primeira fase, variáveis como sexo, estado civil, escolaridade, ocupação, aquisição da Carteira Nacional de Habilitação, dificuldades técnicas, intenções com o veículo, reações fisiológicas, posse de um veículo, treinamento após a aquisição da habilitação, histórico de acidentes, diagnósticos psiquiátricos e presença de outras fobias, assemelham-se aos achados da área. Outras variáveis levantadas diziam respeito, particularmente, à amostra estudada e não puderam ser comparadas. Na segunda fase, as variáveis que se mostraram estatisticamente significativas e que poderiam ser consideradas preditoras para interrupção do tratamento relacionavam-se ao estado civil separado, baixo nível de escolaridade, ocupações braçais, aquisição mais tardia da CNH, maior queixa de medo, idealização da direção como uma ação que traria liberdade e autonomia, mais do que facilidades na rotina, experiência de acidentes leves como motoristas e com vítimas como passageiros, mais diagnósticos psiquiátricos, mais fobias relacionadas à avaliação social, mais medo de nadar e maiores chances de abandono de tratamentos de longa duração / Introduction: The driving phobia is characterized as a specific phobia of the situational type and causes suffering for those who feel it, not only in the impact on their routine, hindering their mobility, but in the physical and cognitive suffering that it causes. Objectives: To find the socio-demographic and general clinical profile of those seeking help to address their phobia, analyzing and comparing outcome-related profiles in order to identify the variables that could predict treatment withdrawal. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases: a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1640 patients who sought treatment for Specific Driving Phobia and a cross-sectional study of a cohort retrospective of 1541 female patients undergoing psychotherapeutic treatment for this phobia that have reached Success or Failure. All data were collected from patients forms seeing at a specialized clinic, between 2008 and 2016, and enrolled in the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), then transferred to the Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS) and its variables submitted to descriptive analysis and statistical tests of Pearson\'s chi-square, Fisher\'s Exact, T-Test or Non-Parametric Test. Results and Conclusion: Considering the first phase, variables such as gender, marital status, education, occupation, validation of the national driver\'s license (CNH), technical difficulties, intentions with the vehicle, physiological reactions, vehicle´s ownership, accidents history, psychiatric diagnoses and presence of other phobias, resembles the findings in the area. Other variables raised are, in particular, the sample studied that could not be compared. In the second phase, variables that were statistically significant and could be considered as predictors of treatment withdrawal were related to a separated marital status, low level of education, manual labor, later CNH validation, fear complaint, idealization that the driving action would bring freedom and autonomy, more than the conveniences of routine, experience in small accidents while drivers and victims were passengers, more psychiatric diagnoses, more phobias related to social assessment, more fear of swimming and greater chances of abandoning long treatments