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Aspects of social phobia /Marteinsdóttir, Ína, January 2003 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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The process of change during three interventions for claustrophobiaBooth, Richard January 1990 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of change during three interventions for claustrophobia, and to provide descriptive data about this fear. Forty-eight participants, recruited from the community through the local media, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: exposure to the locked test closet used for assessment, exposure to the sensations of anxiety (interoceptive exposure), modification of underlying negative cognitions, or a control group. All interventions were given over three sessions. The exposure group proved superior to the control on a wide range of measures. In the cognitive group, scores of reported fear and panic, but not predictions of fear or heart rate, were lowered, an important finding since this group had no exposure to the closet during training. The interoceptive group made some modest gains, but these did not translate into reduction in fear scores. An analysis of the timing of fear reduction, and of treatment generalization, provided some clues as to the mechanism of change. Structured interviews provided data on aspects of the fear including its onset, patterns of current avoidance, and common salient cognitions. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings on panic disorder. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate
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School refusal : clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomeEngelbrecht, Leon Anton 24 August 2017 (has links)
Clinical characteristics, methods of treatment and outcome in School Refusal have been investigated. School refusal/phobia has been reported in the literature not to be a true clinical entity with a uniform aetiology, psychopathology, course, prognosis and treatment, but rather a collection of symptoms or a syndrome occurring against the background of a variety of psychiatric disorders. Aetiological and precipitating factors also vary with age, psychosocial level of development and personality factors in the individual child, family structure and function, and the school setting. Data were collected retrospectively from 20 cases treated at the Child and Family Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town during a specific time period. Analysis of the data revealed a gender distribution of 11 boys and 9 girls; 1 girl, 5 - 8 years old and 11 boys and 8 girls 9 - 13 years old. One Asian, no Black, 13 Coloured and 6 White children were represented. A large section of the sample population represented the lower socio-economic group as determined by parental qualification and occupation. Most of the families tended to consist of more than 2 children (5 member families). Family dysfunction was recorded in all but one case, with evidence of a recognizable psychiatric disorder also recorded quite frequently in the nuclear family members. Educational difficulties were recorded in a third of the sample together with below average total IQ scores in virtually all the subjects evaluated. The bulk of referrals were from medical practitioners and relatively few from schools. Refusal to attend school was of relatively short duration in three-quarters of the sample. Most of the cases were first time school refusers. Accompanying symptoms or problems were mainly anxiety or depression - related whereas significant associated events were mainly family - oriented. Psychiatric disorders diagnosed most often were anxiety and affective disorders with overlap of the 2 conditions recorded in half the sample. Response to treatment was positive in two thirds of the sample and a combination of treatment methods proved to be the most successful treatment plan. School refusal as investigated in this study, was well represented in a population of children treated at a Child Psychiatric Out-Patient Unit. A high rate of resemblance on various aspects of school refusal was recorded between the study sample and reports in the literature reviewed.
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Treatment of social phobia : development of a method and comparison of treatments /Mörtberg, Ewa, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Finding the emotional face in the crowd and the role for threat-biased attention in social anxietyJuth, Pernilla, January 2010 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2010.
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Validação do questionário de claustrofobia em pacientes submetidos à ressonância magnética / Validation Claustrophobia Questionnaire in patients undergoing MRISilva, Ana Paula Lima da 23 July 2013 (has links)
A ressonância magnética (RM) é um exame de diagnóstico por imagem amplamente utilizado e permite a obtenção de imagens de diversos segmentos do corpo com alta qualidade. Embora seja um exame de excelência, os pacientes que se submetem a esta técnica, podem apresentar claustrofobia em razão do espaço limitado dentro do equipamento. A claustrofobia é considerada um estado de ansiedade e classificada como uma fobia específica pelo DSM IV. O Questionário de Claustrofobia (CLQ) é um instrumento de mensuração, que foi criado em língua inglesa e posteriormente, foi traduzido e validado para outras línguas e culturas, inclusive no Brasil em 2008. Trata-se de uma escala do tipo Likert, com escores que variam de 0 (nada ansioso) a 4 (extremamente ansioso); possui 26 itens que são distribuídos em dois domínios (sufocação 14 itens e restrição 12 itens). OBJETIVO: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário de Claustrofobia, aplicado a pacientes submetidos à Ressonância Magnética. MATERIAL E MÈTODO: Foram realizadas a avaliação da consistência interna, análise fatorial confirmatória, validação de construto convergente (correlacionado Questionário de Claustrofobia com o Inventário de Ansiedade - Estado), validação de construto discriminante e aplicação da curva ROC para propor um ponto de corte para o instrumento. A coleta de dados foi feita em um hospital de grande porte do Município de São Paulo com 300 pacientes que realizaram ressonância magnética; pela aplicação de três instrumentos, sendo eles: o de caracterização biossociodemográfica, Questionário de Claustrofobia e Inventário de Ansiedade - Estado. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade interna medida pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach obteve os seguintes valores: para o total da escala 0,94; para os domínios sufocação, 0,80 e restrição, 0,93. A análise fatorial confirmatória confirmou dois domínios e obteve valor de NNFI 0,692, considerado bom valor de ajuste para o modelo. A validação de construto convergente correlacionou o CLQ com o Inventário de Ansiedade- Estado e os valores obtidos foram muito próximos a zero, indicando que não há relação entre os instrumentos (r - 0,111). Já a validação de construto discriminante, em que foi utilizado o teste Mann-Whitney, foi capaz de discriminar os grupos claustrofóbicos com as variáveis claustrofobia referida, RM prévia e faixa etária. Foi estabelecido o ponto de corte pela curva ROC e a pontuação se for, igual ou maior que 16 pontos, sugere o potencial desenvolvimento da claustrofobia. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados permitiram concluir que o Questionário de Claustrofobia teve desempenho satisfatório, atestando sua confiabilidade e mostrando-se válido para medir a claustrofobia no ambiente de ressonância magnética. / Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic imaging widely used and allows obtaining images of various body segments with high quality. Although an examination of excellence, patients who undergo this technique may have claustrophobia due to the limited space inside the equipment. Claustrophobia is considered a state of anxiety and classified as a specific phobia by DSM - IV. The Claustrophobia Questionnaire (CLQ) is a measurement tool, which was created in English and then translated and validated for other languages and cultures, including Brazil in 2008. It is a Likert scale, with scores ranging from 0 (not anxious) to 4 (extremely anxious); has 26 items that are divided into two domains (14 items suffocation and restriction 12 items). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Claustrophobia Questionnaire applied to patients undergoing MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an evaluation of internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent construct validation (Claustrophobia Questionnaire correlated with Anxiety Inventory - State), discriminant construct validation and application of the ROC curve to propose a cutoff point for the instrument. Data collection was done in a large hospital in São Paulo with 300 patients who underwent MRI, the application of three instruments, namely: the characterization of bio socio demographic protocol, Claustrophobia Questionnaire and Anxiety Inventory - State. RESULTS: The internal reliability as measured by Cronbach\'s alpha obtained the following values: for the total scale 0.94; domains to suffocation, restriction and 0.80, 0.93. Factor analysis confirmed two domains and obtained value of NNFI 0.692, considered good value adjustment to the model. Validation convergent construct the CLQ correlated with State Anxiety Inventory and the values obtained were very close to zero, indicating no relationship between the instruments (r - 0.111). Already construct validation discriminant, in which we used the Mann-Whitney test was able to discriminate between claustrophobia claustrophobic with the variables mentioned, previous CABG and age. Was established cutoff by ROC score and if equal to or greater than 16 points, suggests the potential development of claustrophobia. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the Claustrophobia Questionnaire showed a satisfactory performance, proving its reliability and proving to be valid to measure the claustrophobia in MRI environment.
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Reliability and procedural validity of University of Michigan-CIDI DSM-III-R phobic disordersWittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Zhao, Shanyang, Abelson, Jamie M., Abelson, James L., Kessler, Ronald C. 29 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
We evaluate the long-term test–retest reliability and procedural validity of phobia diagnoses in the UM-CIDI, the version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, used in the US National Co-morbidity Survey (NCS) and a number of other ongoing large-scale epidemiological surveys. Test–retest reliabilities of lifetime diagnoses of simple phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia over a period between 16 and 34 months were K = 0·46, 0·47, and 0·63, respectively. Concordances with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) were K = 0·45, 0·62, and 0·63, respectively. Diagnostic discrepancies with the SCID were due to the UM-CIDI under-diagnosing. Post hoc analysis demonstrated that modification of UM-CIDI coding rules could dramatically improve cross-sectional procedural validity for both simple phobia (K = 0·57) and social phobia (K = 0·95). Based on these results, it seems likely that future modification of CIDI questions and coding rules could lead to substantial improvements in diagnostic validity.
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Validação do questionário de claustrofobia em pacientes submetidos à ressonância magnética / Validation Claustrophobia Questionnaire in patients undergoing MRIAna Paula Lima da Silva 23 July 2013 (has links)
A ressonância magnética (RM) é um exame de diagnóstico por imagem amplamente utilizado e permite a obtenção de imagens de diversos segmentos do corpo com alta qualidade. Embora seja um exame de excelência, os pacientes que se submetem a esta técnica, podem apresentar claustrofobia em razão do espaço limitado dentro do equipamento. A claustrofobia é considerada um estado de ansiedade e classificada como uma fobia específica pelo DSM IV. O Questionário de Claustrofobia (CLQ) é um instrumento de mensuração, que foi criado em língua inglesa e posteriormente, foi traduzido e validado para outras línguas e culturas, inclusive no Brasil em 2008. Trata-se de uma escala do tipo Likert, com escores que variam de 0 (nada ansioso) a 4 (extremamente ansioso); possui 26 itens que são distribuídos em dois domínios (sufocação 14 itens e restrição 12 itens). OBJETIVO: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário de Claustrofobia, aplicado a pacientes submetidos à Ressonância Magnética. MATERIAL E MÈTODO: Foram realizadas a avaliação da consistência interna, análise fatorial confirmatória, validação de construto convergente (correlacionado Questionário de Claustrofobia com o Inventário de Ansiedade - Estado), validação de construto discriminante e aplicação da curva ROC para propor um ponto de corte para o instrumento. A coleta de dados foi feita em um hospital de grande porte do Município de São Paulo com 300 pacientes que realizaram ressonância magnética; pela aplicação de três instrumentos, sendo eles: o de caracterização biossociodemográfica, Questionário de Claustrofobia e Inventário de Ansiedade - Estado. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade interna medida pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach obteve os seguintes valores: para o total da escala 0,94; para os domínios sufocação, 0,80 e restrição, 0,93. A análise fatorial confirmatória confirmou dois domínios e obteve valor de NNFI 0,692, considerado bom valor de ajuste para o modelo. A validação de construto convergente correlacionou o CLQ com o Inventário de Ansiedade- Estado e os valores obtidos foram muito próximos a zero, indicando que não há relação entre os instrumentos (r - 0,111). Já a validação de construto discriminante, em que foi utilizado o teste Mann-Whitney, foi capaz de discriminar os grupos claustrofóbicos com as variáveis claustrofobia referida, RM prévia e faixa etária. Foi estabelecido o ponto de corte pela curva ROC e a pontuação se for, igual ou maior que 16 pontos, sugere o potencial desenvolvimento da claustrofobia. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados permitiram concluir que o Questionário de Claustrofobia teve desempenho satisfatório, atestando sua confiabilidade e mostrando-se válido para medir a claustrofobia no ambiente de ressonância magnética. / Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic imaging widely used and allows obtaining images of various body segments with high quality. Although an examination of excellence, patients who undergo this technique may have claustrophobia due to the limited space inside the equipment. Claustrophobia is considered a state of anxiety and classified as a specific phobia by DSM - IV. The Claustrophobia Questionnaire (CLQ) is a measurement tool, which was created in English and then translated and validated for other languages and cultures, including Brazil in 2008. It is a Likert scale, with scores ranging from 0 (not anxious) to 4 (extremely anxious); has 26 items that are divided into two domains (14 items suffocation and restriction 12 items). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Claustrophobia Questionnaire applied to patients undergoing MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an evaluation of internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent construct validation (Claustrophobia Questionnaire correlated with Anxiety Inventory - State), discriminant construct validation and application of the ROC curve to propose a cutoff point for the instrument. Data collection was done in a large hospital in São Paulo with 300 patients who underwent MRI, the application of three instruments, namely: the characterization of bio socio demographic protocol, Claustrophobia Questionnaire and Anxiety Inventory - State. RESULTS: The internal reliability as measured by Cronbach\'s alpha obtained the following values: for the total scale 0.94; domains to suffocation, restriction and 0.80, 0.93. Factor analysis confirmed two domains and obtained value of NNFI 0.692, considered good value adjustment to the model. Validation convergent construct the CLQ correlated with State Anxiety Inventory and the values obtained were very close to zero, indicating no relationship between the instruments (r - 0.111). Already construct validation discriminant, in which we used the Mann-Whitney test was able to discriminate between claustrophobia claustrophobic with the variables mentioned, previous CABG and age. Was established cutoff by ROC score and if equal to or greater than 16 points, suggests the potential development of claustrophobia. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the Claustrophobia Questionnaire showed a satisfactory performance, proving its reliability and proving to be valid to measure the claustrophobia in MRI environment.
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Fobia de dirigir: descrição do perfil epidemiológico de quem procura ajuda e de quem é malsucedido no tratamento / Driving phobia: epidemiological profile description of those seeking help and are unsuccessful in their treatmentGracindo, Claudia Ballestero 10 October 2017 (has links)
Introdução: A fobia de dirigir é caracterizada como uma fobia específica do tipo situacional e causa sofrimento aqueles que a sentem, não só pelo impacto na rotina, dificultando a mobilidade, mas pelo sofrimento físico e cognitivo causados. Objetivos: Levantar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico geral de quem procura ajuda para tratar a fobia de dirigir, analisar e comparar os perfis relacionados aos desfechos, com a finalidade de identificar as variáveis que poderiam predizer o abandono do tratamento. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em duas fases: estudo transversal, descritivo com 1.640 pacientes que buscaram tratamento para Fobia Específica de Dirigir e estudo transversal, de uma coorte retrospectiva, com 1.541 pacientes, do sexo feminino, submetidos a tratamento psicoterápico para esta fobia e que alcançaram os desfechos Sucesso ou Insucesso. Todos os dados foram coletados dos formulários de pacientes atendidos em uma clínica especializada, entre 2008 e 2016, cadastrados no Research Eletronic Data Capture (REDCap), transportados para o Statisctical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS) e suas variáveis submetidas a análise descritiva e testes estatísticos do Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher, Teste T ou Teste não Paramétrico. Resultados e Conclusão: Considerando a primeira fase, variáveis como sexo, estado civil, escolaridade, ocupação, aquisição da Carteira Nacional de Habilitação, dificuldades técnicas, intenções com o veículo, reações fisiológicas, posse de um veículo, treinamento após a aquisição da habilitação, histórico de acidentes, diagnósticos psiquiátricos e presença de outras fobias, assemelham-se aos achados da área. Outras variáveis levantadas diziam respeito, particularmente, à amostra estudada e não puderam ser comparadas. Na segunda fase, as variáveis que se mostraram estatisticamente significativas e que poderiam ser consideradas preditoras para interrupção do tratamento relacionavam-se ao estado civil separado, baixo nível de escolaridade, ocupações braçais, aquisição mais tardia da CNH, maior queixa de medo, idealização da direção como uma ação que traria liberdade e autonomia, mais do que facilidades na rotina, experiência de acidentes leves como motoristas e com vítimas como passageiros, mais diagnósticos psiquiátricos, mais fobias relacionadas à avaliação social, mais medo de nadar e maiores chances de abandono de tratamentos de longa duração / Introduction: The driving phobia is characterized as a specific phobia of the situational type and causes suffering for those who feel it, not only in the impact on their routine, hindering their mobility, but in the physical and cognitive suffering that it causes. Objectives: To find the socio-demographic and general clinical profile of those seeking help to address their phobia, analyzing and comparing outcome-related profiles in order to identify the variables that could predict treatment withdrawal. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases: a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1640 patients who sought treatment for Specific Driving Phobia and a cross-sectional study of a cohort retrospective of 1541 female patients undergoing psychotherapeutic treatment for this phobia that have reached Success or Failure. All data were collected from patients forms seeing at a specialized clinic, between 2008 and 2016, and enrolled in the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), then transferred to the Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS) and its variables submitted to descriptive analysis and statistical tests of Pearson\'s chi-square, Fisher\'s Exact, T-Test or Non-Parametric Test. Results and Conclusion: Considering the first phase, variables such as gender, marital status, education, occupation, validation of the national driver\'s license (CNH), technical difficulties, intentions with the vehicle, physiological reactions, vehicle´s ownership, accidents history, psychiatric diagnoses and presence of other phobias, resembles the findings in the area. Other variables raised are, in particular, the sample studied that could not be compared. In the second phase, variables that were statistically significant and could be considered as predictors of treatment withdrawal were related to a separated marital status, low level of education, manual labor, later CNH validation, fear complaint, idealization that the driving action would bring freedom and autonomy, more than the conveniences of routine, experience in small accidents while drivers and victims were passengers, more psychiatric diagnoses, more phobias related to social assessment, more fear of swimming and greater chances of abandoning long treatments
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Fobia de dirigir: descrição do perfil epidemiológico de quem procura ajuda e de quem é malsucedido no tratamento / Driving phobia: epidemiological profile description of those seeking help and are unsuccessful in their treatmentClaudia Ballestero Gracindo 10 October 2017 (has links)
Introdução: A fobia de dirigir é caracterizada como uma fobia específica do tipo situacional e causa sofrimento aqueles que a sentem, não só pelo impacto na rotina, dificultando a mobilidade, mas pelo sofrimento físico e cognitivo causados. Objetivos: Levantar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico geral de quem procura ajuda para tratar a fobia de dirigir, analisar e comparar os perfis relacionados aos desfechos, com a finalidade de identificar as variáveis que poderiam predizer o abandono do tratamento. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em duas fases: estudo transversal, descritivo com 1.640 pacientes que buscaram tratamento para Fobia Específica de Dirigir e estudo transversal, de uma coorte retrospectiva, com 1.541 pacientes, do sexo feminino, submetidos a tratamento psicoterápico para esta fobia e que alcançaram os desfechos Sucesso ou Insucesso. Todos os dados foram coletados dos formulários de pacientes atendidos em uma clínica especializada, entre 2008 e 2016, cadastrados no Research Eletronic Data Capture (REDCap), transportados para o Statisctical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS) e suas variáveis submetidas a análise descritiva e testes estatísticos do Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher, Teste T ou Teste não Paramétrico. Resultados e Conclusão: Considerando a primeira fase, variáveis como sexo, estado civil, escolaridade, ocupação, aquisição da Carteira Nacional de Habilitação, dificuldades técnicas, intenções com o veículo, reações fisiológicas, posse de um veículo, treinamento após a aquisição da habilitação, histórico de acidentes, diagnósticos psiquiátricos e presença de outras fobias, assemelham-se aos achados da área. Outras variáveis levantadas diziam respeito, particularmente, à amostra estudada e não puderam ser comparadas. Na segunda fase, as variáveis que se mostraram estatisticamente significativas e que poderiam ser consideradas preditoras para interrupção do tratamento relacionavam-se ao estado civil separado, baixo nível de escolaridade, ocupações braçais, aquisição mais tardia da CNH, maior queixa de medo, idealização da direção como uma ação que traria liberdade e autonomia, mais do que facilidades na rotina, experiência de acidentes leves como motoristas e com vítimas como passageiros, mais diagnósticos psiquiátricos, mais fobias relacionadas à avaliação social, mais medo de nadar e maiores chances de abandono de tratamentos de longa duração / Introduction: The driving phobia is characterized as a specific phobia of the situational type and causes suffering for those who feel it, not only in the impact on their routine, hindering their mobility, but in the physical and cognitive suffering that it causes. Objectives: To find the socio-demographic and general clinical profile of those seeking help to address their phobia, analyzing and comparing outcome-related profiles in order to identify the variables that could predict treatment withdrawal. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases: a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1640 patients who sought treatment for Specific Driving Phobia and a cross-sectional study of a cohort retrospective of 1541 female patients undergoing psychotherapeutic treatment for this phobia that have reached Success or Failure. All data were collected from patients forms seeing at a specialized clinic, between 2008 and 2016, and enrolled in the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), then transferred to the Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS) and its variables submitted to descriptive analysis and statistical tests of Pearson\'s chi-square, Fisher\'s Exact, T-Test or Non-Parametric Test. Results and Conclusion: Considering the first phase, variables such as gender, marital status, education, occupation, validation of the national driver\'s license (CNH), technical difficulties, intentions with the vehicle, physiological reactions, vehicle´s ownership, accidents history, psychiatric diagnoses and presence of other phobias, resembles the findings in the area. Other variables raised are, in particular, the sample studied that could not be compared. In the second phase, variables that were statistically significant and could be considered as predictors of treatment withdrawal were related to a separated marital status, low level of education, manual labor, later CNH validation, fear complaint, idealization that the driving action would bring freedom and autonomy, more than the conveniences of routine, experience in small accidents while drivers and victims were passengers, more psychiatric diagnoses, more phobias related to social assessment, more fear of swimming and greater chances of abandoning long treatments
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