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Remembering the sound of a new word when it is first encountered is an important skill which plays a critical role in the development of vocabulary (Gathercole & Baddeley, 1989), yet the mechanisms underlying this form of verbal short-term memory are not well understood. Errors in the repetition and serial recall of nonwords indicate that structural properties of the syllable are represented in short-term memory, but existing accounts of serial learning and recall do not incorporate any representation of linguistic structure. Models of speech production implicate syllable structure in the representation of phonological form, but do not explain how such representations are acquired. This thesis draws together theories of speech production and serial memory to develop a computational model of nonword repetition based on the novel idea that short-term memory for the serial order of a sequence of speech sounds is constrained by a syllabic template. The results of simulations using the model are presented and compared with experimental findings concerning short-term memory for nonwords. The interaction of short- and long-term phonological memory systems and the aquisition of vocabulary are discussed in terms of the model. The model is evaluated in comparison with other contemporary theories.

Orientador(a): Cristina Martins Fargetti / Banca: Luiz Carlos Cagliari / Banca: Angel Humberto Corbera Mori / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste em um estudo fonético e fonológico da língua indígena Yuhup, pertencente à família linguística Nadahup e falada em territórios da região amazônica que se estendem por faixas do Brasil e da Colômbia. O levantamento dos dados foi efetuado em uma única viagem de campo, realizada em outubro de 2015. A metodologia emprega distintos recursos de análise, recorrendo ao estruturalismo norte-americano e modelos de fonologia não linear. Além da seção introdutória e da conclusão, o trabalho se divide em cinco partes que abordam: 1 os aspectos teórico-metodológicos; 2 dados sobre o povo e a família linguística; 3 o estudo fonêmico dos sons identificados na língua; 4 a análise da estrutura silábica segundo a fonologia não linear; 5 a classificação do acento segundo a teoria métrica de Hayes (1995) / Abstract: This work consists of a phonetic and phonological study of the Yuhup indigenous language, affiliated to the Nadahup family and spoken across Amazonic territories through Brazil and Colombia. Data collection was performed on a single fieldwork held in October 2015. The methodology utilizes different analytical resources, resorting to American structuralism and nonlinear phonology models. Besides introductory section and the conclusion, this work is divided into five sections that address: 1 theoretical-methodological aspects; 2 data on the people and language family; 3 phonemic study of sounds identified in the language; 4 the analysis of the syllabic structure according to non-linear phonology; 5 stress classification according to Hayes metrical theory (1995) / Mestre

This study investigated the lenition of the segment /dʒ/ to [j] in Rijal Alhajir dialect of Arabic in different initial, medial, and final phonological environments. A sample of 20 Rijal Alhajir Arabic speakers (10 male and 10 female) was divided into two groups based on the social factor of age: 20-25 (the younger group) and 45-above (the older group). All participants were interviewed individually by the researcher to record the production of the target sound. Forty-eight Classical Arabic words containing the segment /dʒ/ were selected for this investigation. Forty-one words were elicited by showing the participants pictures, and seven words were elicited through casual conversation due to their representing abstract concepts. The results showed the process of lenition in Rijal Alhajir dialect to occur in all phonological environments of interest, except when the target sound occurred in word-final position and was preceded by high long vowels [i:] and [u:]. The results revealed that age was indeed a factor influencing the presence of lenition. The participants from the older group had a significantly higher percentage of lenition in their speech compared to the younger group.

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It is commonly agreed that phonological elements must be prosodically licensed in order to be interpreted phonetically (cf. Ito, 1986). The licensing of segments is generally assumed to follow from the Universal Association Conventions. The licensing of phonological units smaller than the segment, however, has not been fully addressed. There is no agreement on the exact licensing mechanisms at play and on what constitutes a proper anchor for the initial association of floating subsegmentals. This thesis proposes a principled account of subsegmental licensing within the theory of segmental structure known as feature geometry, as modified by Piggott (to appear). It is shown that the manifestation of nasality in Maukaka, Koyaga, Jula, and Terena result from the way licensing operates. It is argued that, universally, floating subsegmental units are licensed through mapping, which associates a unit to an available position. It is also proposed that whenever there is no proper position for the mapping of a subsegmental element, this element may be licensed by Chomsky-adjunction. This type of adjunction has played a role in syllabification but not in the organization of feature.

This dissertation presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of aspects of the intonation and prosody of an Australian polysynthetic language, Bininj Gun-wok (BGW; also referred to as Mayali). The theoretical framework is autosegmental-metrical phonology, as adapted to the description of intonation by Pierrehumbert (1980); Bruce (1977) and others. The analysis focuses principally on two dialects, Kuninjku and Manyallaluk Mayali (MM), with some reference to the Kunwinjku, Kune, Gun-Djeihmi and Kundedjnjenghmi dialects.

Ce travail porte sur la phonologie des emprunts français non-anglicisés, c’est-à-dire qui ne suivent pas toutes les règles de l’anglais et conservent des caractéristiques françaises. Dans la première partie, nous décrivons la méthodologie employée pour la sélection du corpus, ce qui nous amène à étudier la terminologie utilisée dans la linguistique de l’emprunt, et présentons la base de données qui servira à l’analyse de ces emprunts. Dans la seconde partie, nous supprimons de cette base de données initiale toutes les variantes anglicisées, ce qui donne lieu à de nombreuses discussions sur la phonologie de l’anglais. Enfin, la dernière partie présente l’analyse de la base de données finale, ne contenant que des variantes non-anglicisées. En partant de l’idée que ces emprunts imitent la prononciation française, nous montrons comment les phonèmes français sont adaptés en anglais, et de quelle manière les locuteurs anglophones signalent l’origine française d’un mot. / This study focuses on the phonology of non-anglicized French loanwords, i.e. those which do not follow all English rules and retain French characteristics. The first part describes the methodology used for the selection of the corpus, which brings about discussions on loanword terminology, and presents the database that will be used in the analysis of these loanwords. The second part is dedicated to the deletion of the anglicized variants remaining in the database, which brings about many discussions on English phonology. Finally, the last part presents the analysis of the final database, containing only non-anglicized variants. Starting with the idea that these loanwords imitate the French pronunciation, we show how French phonemes are adapted into English, and how English speakers indicate the French origin of a word.