The main objective of this thesis is to develop a new design paradigm that combines microarchitecture design and circuit design with physical design for deep submicron technology. For deep submicron technology, wire delay will be the bottleneck for high performance microarchitecture design. Given the location information, inter-module latency can be calculated and hence, performance of the system can be estimated. In this thesis, we present a novel microarchitectural floorplanning that can help computer architects tackle the wire delay problem early in the microarchitecture design stage. We show that by employing microarchitectural floorplanning up to 40\% performance gain can be achieved. We also extend the framework to include three dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC). 3D-IC is a new integration technique that is also introduced to address the wire delay issue in deep submicron technology. By combining microarchitectural floorplanning with 3D-IC, we show that wire delay impact can be reduced substantially. We also show that not only the module location, but also the module size can impact the performance. Adaptive search engine is introduced to identify the right module size. Using our adaptive search engine, we show that the system can identify good module sizes that help improve the performance with a shorter run-time than the limited runtime brute force search. Our microarchitecture-aware physical planning assumes that the target clock period can be achieved by inserting more flip-flops into the system. Inserting flip-flops along the wires can make the system meet the timing constraints without violating correctness of the circuit on that path because the function of the wire is to transfer signal from one location to another. However, inserting the flip-flop along the paths that consist of gates cannot guarantee the correctness of that path. A circuit optimization technique that allows flip-flop insertion along circuit path is called retiming. In this dissertation, We show that retiming can be used to achieve target clock period in microprocessor design. With the same target clock period, power reduction technique can be combined with retiming to help reduce the power consumption. We show that up to 34% power reduction can be achieved without timing violation. Furthermore, to tackle the problem of process variation in deep submicron, we also propose a modified retiming that can tolerate errors from statistical timing computation. We show that our statistical retiming algorithm provides close results to Monte-Carlo simulation results.

<p>Denna rapport utgörs av en kvantitativ statistisk studie som är baserad på befolkningsstatistik. Studien är byggd på den nyproduktion som pågått under tidsperioden 2004-2006 samt det planerade bostadsområdet Gävle Strand som har planerad byggstart hösten 2006. Syftet har varit att analysera effekterna av nyproduktionen i Gävle kommun genom att studera hur faktorerna som berör val av upplåtelseform, geografisk belägenhet, boendesammansättning samt åldersfördelning har påverkat utvecklingen. Genom att dela in nyproduktionen i olika distrikt, med undantag för Gävle Strand som utgör ett eget distrikt, har jämförelser gjorts för att se om utvecklingen skiljer sig åt i olika delar i kommunen. Studien är byggd på statistik vilket gör att den inte tar hänsyn till samtliga faktorer som är av betydelse vid en flytt. Det har visat sig att boendemiljön spelar väldigt stor roll för val av bostad. Den aktuella livssituationen har ett tydligt samband med både val av upplåtelseform och geografisk belägenhet. Att människor generellt följer en viss naturlig boendekarriär har också visat sig tydligt i vår studie. Med en naturlig boendekarriär avses här den utveckling som innebär att människan i det egna vuxna boendet går från den lilla hyresrätten till den större bostadsrätten/villan för att vid på äldre dagar återkomma till den mindre hyresrätten/bostadsrätten.</p><p>Nyckelord: flyttmönster, nyproduktion, Gävle kommun, Gävle Strand, 2004-2006</p> / <p>This report contains a statistical study where the new housebuilding in the municipality of Gävle is studied and the effects of this on the housing market. The study is based on the new housebuilding in progress between year 2004 and 2006 and also the planned residential area called Gävle Strand which is going to be built in the autumn of 2006. The effects, that the new-housebuilding gives in the municipality of Gävle, we could gather by studying how the factors that concern the choice of the tenure, the geographical location, the housing-composition and the age-distribution have an influence on the development. By grouping the new housebuildning in different districts, except for Gävle Strand which already constitute a district by itself, we could make some comparisons to see if the development is differential in different parts of the municipality. The study is based on statistics of population which mean it doesn’t take all the meaning factors for moving into account. It has revealed that the living environment is very important when choosing residence for living. The current living situation has a clear connection by the choise of tenure and geographical location. That humans comply with a natural housing career in general has also appeared clearly in our study. With a natural housing career means here that the human being in the own adult housing goes from the small rented flat to the larger tenant-owner falt or detached house for to later in the pensionable age return to the smaller rented flat or tenant-owner flat.</p><p>Keywords: moving patterns, new housebuildning, the municipality of Gävle, Gävle Strand, 2004-2006</p>

Denna rapport utgörs av en kvantitativ statistisk studie som är baserad på befolkningsstatistik. Studien är byggd på den nyproduktion som pågått under tidsperioden 2004-2006 samt det planerade bostadsområdet Gävle Strand som har planerad byggstart hösten 2006. Syftet har varit att analysera effekterna av nyproduktionen i Gävle kommun genom att studera hur faktorerna som berör val av upplåtelseform, geografisk belägenhet, boendesammansättning samt åldersfördelning har påverkat utvecklingen. Genom att dela in nyproduktionen i olika distrikt, med undantag för Gävle Strand som utgör ett eget distrikt, har jämförelser gjorts för att se om utvecklingen skiljer sig åt i olika delar i kommunen. Studien är byggd på statistik vilket gör att den inte tar hänsyn till samtliga faktorer som är av betydelse vid en flytt. Det har visat sig att boendemiljön spelar väldigt stor roll för val av bostad. Den aktuella livssituationen har ett tydligt samband med både val av upplåtelseform och geografisk belägenhet. Att människor generellt följer en viss naturlig boendekarriär har också visat sig tydligt i vår studie. Med en naturlig boendekarriär avses här den utveckling som innebär att människan i det egna vuxna boendet går från den lilla hyresrätten till den större bostadsrätten/villan för att vid på äldre dagar återkomma till den mindre hyresrätten/bostadsrätten. Nyckelord: flyttmönster, nyproduktion, Gävle kommun, Gävle Strand, 2004-2006 / This report contains a statistical study where the new housebuilding in the municipality of Gävle is studied and the effects of this on the housing market. The study is based on the new housebuilding in progress between year 2004 and 2006 and also the planned residential area called Gävle Strand which is going to be built in the autumn of 2006. The effects, that the new-housebuilding gives in the municipality of Gävle, we could gather by studying how the factors that concern the choice of the tenure, the geographical location, the housing-composition and the age-distribution have an influence on the development. By grouping the new housebuildning in different districts, except for Gävle Strand which already constitute a district by itself, we could make some comparisons to see if the development is differential in different parts of the municipality. The study is based on statistics of population which mean it doesn’t take all the meaning factors for moving into account. It has revealed that the living environment is very important when choosing residence for living. The current living situation has a clear connection by the choise of tenure and geographical location. That humans comply with a natural housing career in general has also appeared clearly in our study. With a natural housing career means here that the human being in the own adult housing goes from the small rented flat to the larger tenant-owner falt or detached house for to later in the pensionable age return to the smaller rented flat or tenant-owner flat. Keywords: moving patterns, new housebuildning, the municipality of Gävle, Gävle Strand, 2004-2006

This study is a thematic analysis of written plan-descriptions associated to valid detail-plans in the city of Umeå. These plan-descriptions are used as gateways to how planners and architects have reasoned when it comes to planning decisions. The thematic analysis is conducted on 24 selected detail-plans in the city of Umeå and has the starting point of the three themes of Mobility, Green space and Safety. The themes are identified as important to study in the light of the sustainable development concept where new modes of transportation, better knowledge about how nature affects us and a safe environment for everyone are propagated. By making better use of the fine source of information and insights that are the detail-plans students, researchers and practitioners can more effectively steer their efforts towards areas that really are in need of change. There is also something to be learned about the connection between process and outcome in physical planning. The results of this study show first of all that the scope and the thoroughness of detail-planning have changed over time. During the 1950’s, 60’s and 70’s the plans generally covered larger areas and the descriptions where short and concise. In present time the plans generally cover smaller areas but are very exhausting in their investigative preparing work and associated documents. Other findings are that the goal of a safe environment in the detail-plans mostly is connected to traffic-safety.

<p>En studie av hur Gävleborgs läns kommuner tillämpar strandskyddsbestämmelserna vid dispensbeslut. Studien består av frågeenkäter, intervjuer samt en genomgång av dispensbeslut i tre utvalda län mellan 2002-2006. Resultatet visar på att det finns skillnader i såväl bedömningen av dispensansökningar som i dispensbeslutens formalia.</p>

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ABSTRACT During the last decades, environmental impacts have increased significantly, much due to the great traffic flows within cities. Therefore, to reduce these impacts and encourage a healthy way of living, it has in recent years become vital to generate safer and more sustainable and flexible modes of transportation. In order to do so, authorities and physical planners must work together to find viable solutions to incorporate in the infrastructure and offer alternative transport modes – such as walking, cycling and public transportation.  The purpose of this thesis is to examine the development of the cycling infrastructure in the city of Västerås and whether it is possible to expand bicycle commuting alongside public transportation. The thesis consequently aims to study how different physical planners within Västerås municipality work with traffic related questions. The thesis is based on interviews with relevant physical planners, data from scientific literature and different strategy documents intended for Västerås municipality.  The results are based on a thematic coding system to analyse specific categories frequently mentioned during the interviews. These results have later been put into context with related literature regarding sustainable cycling infrastructure.  The results show that there is a common goal for traffic planning within the municipality, even if the authorities express different actions concerning its development.