Please read the abstract in the section front of this document / Dissertation (MA (Human Movement Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out the level of motoric abilities in sports and non- sporting children at the 2nd level of elementary school. Based on eight selected standardized tests, we find the required level of motor skills and, above all, the real difference between sports and non-sporting children. In the theoretical part I deal with the characteristics of individual motor abilities, sports and non-sporting children at present days. In the research part I tested 80 children of elementary school by motor tests and based on the questioning method I found out the rate of sports and non-sporting children. The results of the movement tests and the questionnaire were statistically processed and evaluated. KEYWORDS Motor skills and abilities, endurance, speed, strenght, coordination, sporting and non sporting chil

Dėl diskusijos tarp tyrėjų ir dėl darbų trūkumo apie vežimėlių krepšinio specialiuosius fizinius gebėjimus, aerobinį pajėgumą ir žaidimo įgūdžius. Aktualūs ir reikšmingi moksliniai tyrimai analizuojantys šių rodiklių kaitą negalios sunkumo laipsnio, amžiaus, žaidimo stažo aspektais. Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti ir įvertinti vežimėlių krepšinio žaidėjų fizinių ypatybių, aerobinio pajėgumo ir žaidimo įgūdžių rodiklių kaitą pažeidimo laipsnio, amžiaus, žaidimo stažo aspektais. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti ve��imėlių krepšinio žaidėjų specialiųjų fizinių gebėjimų rodiklių priklausomybę nuo negalios sunkumo laipsnio, amžiaus, žaidimo stažo. 2. Nustatyti ir įvertinti kokią įtaką vežimėlių krepšinio žaidėjų žaidimo rodikliams turi negalios sunkumo laipsnis, amžius, žaidimo stažas. 3. Nustatyti ir įvertinti vežimėlių krepšinio žaidėjų aerobinio pajėgumo rodiklių priklausomybę nuo negalios sunkumo laipsnio, amžiaus, žaidimo stažo. Specialiųjų fizinių gebėjimų ir žaidimo rodiklių testais buvo ištirti 42 vežimėlių krepšinio žaidėjai. Visi tiriamieji buvo suskirstyti i tris grupes pagal pažeidimo laipsnį, pagal amžių ir pagal žaidimo stažą. Atliekant nenutrūkstamą nuosekliai didinamą fizinį krūvį rankų ergometru „Monark“, dujų analizatoriumi „Oxycon Mobile“ buvo ištirtas 21 vežimėlių krepšinio žaidėjas. Jie taip pat buvo suskirstyti i tris grupes pagal pažeidimo laipsnį, pagal amžių ir pagal žaidimo stažą. Buvo nustatyti fizinio darbingumo, kvėpavimo, dujų apykaitos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Because of discussion among researchers and shortage of research works in respect of special physical abilities, aerobic performance and playing skills of wheelchair basketball players. There are actual and relevant scientific research analyzing these problems in aspects of players age, disability and time playing wheelchair basketball. Aim of the research was to determine and evaluate special physical abilities, the aerobic performance and playing skills of weelchair basketball players according to playing experience, age and disability. Goals of research : 1. To determine and evaluate physical features of weelchair basketball players according to playing experience, age and disability. 2. To determine and evaluate playing skills of weelchair basketball players according to playing experience, age and disability. 3. To determine and evaluate the aerobic performance and of weelchair basketball players according to playing experience, age and disability. By methods of testing and pedagogical observation 42 wheelchair basketball players participating in wheelchair basketball competitions were under research. Participants of the research were divided into different groups according to their age, disability and time playing wheelchair basketball. The following wheelchair basketball players participating in the research according to the International wheelchair basketball classification system were divided: eight 1-1,5 point players, fifteen 2-2,5 points players, 8– 3-3,5... [to full text]

Tyrimo objektas. Judamieji gebėjimai. Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti šuolininkų i aukštį skirtingų judamųjų gebėjimų įtaką sportiniam rezultatui. Tyrimo uždaviniai. Nustatyti jėgos greitumo, greitumo jėgos, staigiosios jėgos ir greitumo judamųjų gebėjimų įtaką sportiniam rezultatui. Tiriamieji. Tyrimas atliktas 2012 - 2013 m., buvo analizuojami 8 šuolininkai į aukštį, šuolininkų amžius (20,75 ± 1,1 m), ūgis (190,37 ± 8,87), svoris (79,62 ± 5,62 kg). Hipotezė. Labiausiai šuolininkų į aukštį sportinį rezultatą įtakos staigiosios jėgos judamasis gebėjimas Mūsų darbe buvo atlikti 8, skirtingus judamuosius gebėjimus nusakantys testai. Jėgos greitumui ištirti buvo naudojamas trišuolio iš vietos testas. Greitumo jėgai nustatyti buvo naudojami: šuolio į aukštį iš vietos, šuolio į tolį iš vietos ir 20 m bėgimo iš starto testai. Staigiajai jėgai nustatyti buvo naudojami: greito šuolio aukštyn (Drop jump), 5 kg rutulio metimo iš priekio ir 5 kg rutulio metimo per galvą testai. Greitumui nustatyti buvo naudojamas 20 m bėgimo įsigreitėjus testas. Rezultatai. Trišuolio iš vietos 2012 m. koreliacijos koeficientas (r) su varžybų rezultatais (r = 0,68), 2013 m. (r = 0,95), vertikalus šuolis iš vietos mojant rankomis 2012 m. (r = 0,68), 2013 m. (r = 0,69), šuolis į tolį iš vietos 2012 m. (r = 0,72), 2013 m. (r = 0,82), 20 m bėgimas iš starto 2012 m. (r = -0,75), 2013 m. (r = -0,77), greitas šuolis aukštyn (Drop jump) 2012 m. (r = 0,29), 2013 m. (r = 0,45), 5 kg rutulio metimas pirmyn, aukštyn 201... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the study. Physical abilities. The purpose of the study. To evaluate influence of different physical abilities to high jump performance. Study tasks. Evaluate force velocity, speed force, explosive power and maximal speed influence to high jump performance. Investigatives. Study was accomplished 2012 – 2013 m., 8 high jumpers ware tested. Age of tested high jumpers (20,75 ± 1,1 m.), height (190,37 ± 8,87), weight (79,62 ± 5,62 kg). Hypothesis. Explosive power has major influence to high jump performance. In our study ware tested 8 tests, which represents different physical abilities. To investigate force velocity standing triple jump test was used. To investigate speed force (standing long jump, standing vertical jump and 20 meters sprint tests) ware used. To investigate explosive force (drop – jump, 5kg shot throw forward and from behind) tests ware used. To investigate maximal speed 20 meters sprint test with run-up was used. Results of the study. Standing triple jump 2012 m. correlation (r) with high jump results (r = 0,68), 2013 m. (r = 0,95), vertical jump with arm swing 2012 m. (r = 68), 2013 m. (r = 69), 2012 m. standing long jump (r = 0,72), 2013 m. (r = 0,82), 20 meters sprint 2012 m. (r = -0,75), 2013 m. (r = -0,77), drop jump 2012 m. (r = 0,29), 2013 m. (r = 45), 5kg shot throw forward 2012 m. (r = 0,72), 2013 m. (r = 0,93), 5kg shot throw form behind 2012 m. (r = 0,72), 2013 m. (r = 0,78), 20 meters sprint with run up 2012 m. (r = -0,64), 2013 m... [to full text]

Title: Relationship between game skills, physical fitness and self-efficacy in footbal players in relation to age. Objectives: Discover the interrelationship of self-efficacy, physical abilities and specific game skills in football players (13 - 19 years). At the same time, the objective is to verify the effect of age on the level of physical abilities, specific game skills and self- efficacy. Methods: The Czech version of the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) standard questionnaire was used to determine the level of self-efficacy. To determine the level of physical abilities and specific game skills, were used to diagnose and compare the level of football players in centers for the education of talented youth. A set of photocells (Alge Timing GmbH, Lustenau, Austria) was used to measure the 20 m sprint time, agility and ball slalom. The basic statistical characteristics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation) will be used to interpret the results. Standardization / normalization of values has been used with the help of Z-points for transferring results so that we can express the level of specific game skills with a single score. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between self-efficacy and football gaming skills. To evaluate the significance of the differences between...

The aim of this diploma thesis was to create a training program containing gymnastic elements and to verify the effect on physical abilities of young footballers. Our created program contained ten exercises. The research group was made up of twenty young footballers aged 10 11 years. It was quasi-experiment, specifically Time series design. We did the input testing, than nine weeks was a classical training, than we did a second testing, than we applied our created training program for nine weeks and at the end we did the output testing. Testing was performed using a structured Denisiuk test which includes five sub-tests that measure physical abilities of youth. We statistically verified the results using a pair t - test at the level of significance 0.05. Then we calculated the substantive significance of results. Improvements occurred in all tests but t - test came out only for tests measuring explosive strength and endurance. T - test not came out for tests measuring speed, strength and coordination. Substantive significance of results of tests measuring explosive strength and endurance was high and substantive significance of results of tests measuring speed, strength and coordination was medium.

Title: Comparison of physical abilities in elite soccer players according to field position. Objectives: The main aim of the diploma thesis was to compare the selected motional assumptions of adult elite football players according to the distribution of the players in the game position. Methods: The test group consisted of 54 footballers aged 17-37 years of age. Testing took place on each player one day before the 2017/2018 season. A test battery was selected for testing (determination of body composition, explosive force of the lower limbs, isokinetic force of the extensions group and knee flexor group and determination of maximum oxygen consumption). The following devices were used for testing: body height measurement - digital static (SECA 242, Hamburg, Germany), bioimpedance analyzer - Tanita MC-980MA (Tanita Corporation, Japan), Kistler B8611A - 400 Hz BioWare 4.0.0 and MatlabR2013, isokinetic dynamometer - Cybex Humac Norm (Cybex NORM® , Humac, CA, USA), Quasar (Cosmos) treadmill, Cortex Metalyzer 3B diagnostic tool. Results: The results of our work indicate that the goalkeepers are the heaviest, with the highest percentage of fat in the body, with the highest percentage of active body weight, the highest and oldest players in the team and also have the best jump value. Defenders have the...

Study Design: Cross Sectional Objectives: To develop a functional measurement tool to assess the physical abilities in male gymnasts and to evaluate the test-retest reliability and face validity of that measurement tool. Background: Despite the availability of physical fitness field-tests for many competitive sports, a reliable and valid test to measure the physical abilities (strength, endurance, balance, coordination, agility, and flexibility) of male gymnasts has not been explored or developed. The Men's Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool (MGFMT) is a set of functional measurements used to objectively measure physical abilities required of male gymnasts. The MGFMT is a field-test designed to improve coaches' abilities to monitor their gymnasts' physical fitness levels and to help identify physical weaknesses that can be improved to create a more all-around physically fit gymnast. Methods: Eighty-three, 7 to 18 year-old competitive male club gymnasts (Level 4-10) were assessed. From these 83 total subjects, a convenience sample of 30 subjects was chosen to participate to establish the test-retest reliability of individual items and performance of the entire tool. These 30 subjects were retested with the MGFMT one week after initial testing. Test conditions and administration were consistent between the 2 administrations of the MGFMT including warm-up and item order. Statistics: Test-retest reliability was analyzed for each of the individual items using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Validity was analyzed using linear regression of the athletes' USA-Gymnastics competition level, predicting the component-test raw scores as well as the MGFMT total test score, resulting in a coefficient of determination (r2). Hypotheses: 1) The MGFMT individual items and the MGFMT total composite score demonstrated good test re-test reliability (Intraclass Correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.80). 2) There is a strong relationship between the MGFMT total composite score and the current competitive level of the gymnasts tested (r > 0.80). Results: The mean age of participating subjects was 11.07 years (range 7 - 18) with subjects reporting participation in competitive gymnastics for a mean of 4.36 years. Mean height and weight of the subjects were 37.5 kg and 142.8 cm respectively. Thirteen potential component tests were originally considered for inclusion in the MGFMT. Three component tests were eliminated based on physical ability tested, ease of test application, statistical analysis, and consultation with an informal panel of experts. Several of the relationships between the subjects' current USA Gymnastics competitive level and individual component test item raw scores were statistically significant, however, those relationships ranged from poor to good based on r2 scores (r2 = 0.004-0.64). The relationship between MGFMT composite test score (out of a possible score of 100) and the subjects' current USA Gymnastics competitive level was found to be good (r2 = 0.63). To rule out alternative explanations for the relationship between USA Gymnastics competitive level and MGFMT composite test scores, the relationships between MGFMT composite test scores and age, MGFMT composite test scores and bodyweight and MGFMT total composite scores and total hours training per week were also explored (r2 = 0.30, 0.48, and 0.56, respectively). Reliability testing of the MGFMT composite test score showed excellent test-retest reliability over a one-week period (ICC=0.97). Test-retest reliability of the individual component tests ranged from good to excellent (ICC = 0.75-0.97). Conclusion: The MGFMT, a 10-component field test of male gymnast physical abilities was found to be reliable and valid.

Les capacités physiques sont directement liées au vieillissement en bonne santé. Ainsi, il est indispensable d'être capable de les estimer rapidement et simplement dans le cadre d'une routine clinique. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la transition assis / debout qui est déjà utilisée en gériatrie et qui constitue un mouvement de la vie courante qui se complexifie pour les personnes dont les capacités physiques diminuent. La quantification de ce mouvement a été proposée à l'aide d'une centrale inertielle fixée sur le buste. Ce type de boitier est petit et bon marché, ce qui en fait un excellent candidat pour les mesures ambulatoires.Dans un premier temps, il a été nécessaire de valider les mesures de la cinématique et de l'énergétique du mouvement à l'aide de la centrale lors du lever de chaise. Cette validation s'est faite sur un panel de sujets jeunes et sains en comparaison avec un système de capture du mouvement par caméras de référence Vicon.Le second objectif était de comparer différentes populations à travers la quantification du lever de chaise. Outre un groupe de sujets jeunes sains, un groupe de sujets âgés sains a été intégré à l'étude pour étudier l'effet de l'âge. Un groupe de sujets âgés fragiles a également pris part à l'étude pour investiguer l'effet de la fragilité. Nous avons proposé la mise en place de deux scores composites basés sur les paramètres mesurés. Le premier est un score de vieillissement et le second, un score de fragilité. Chaque score a été construit à l'aide d'une analyse en composantes principales. La performance de chaque score est meilleure que celle de n'importe quel paramètre considéré indépendamment. / Physical abilities are directly related to healthy aging. Thus, it is essential to be able to estimate them quickly and simply during clinical routines. In this thesis, we focused on the sit-to-stand transition that is already used in geriatrics and that constitutes a movement in everyday life that becomes more complex for people whose physical capacities decrease. The quantification of this movement was proposed using a magneto-inertial measurement unit fixed on the chest. This sensor is small and inexpensive, adapted for ambulatory measurements.First, it was necessary to validate the measurements of the kinematic and the kinetic energy using the inertial unit during the sit-to-stand. This validation was realized on a panel of young and healthy subjects compared to a V icon motion captur using cameras.The second objective was to compare different populations through the quantification of the sit-to-stand. In addition of the healthy young subjects, a group of healthy elderly subjects was included in to study the age effect. A group of frail elderly subjects was also included to investigate the effect of frailty. We proposed the implementation of two composite scores based on the measured parameters. The first is an aging score and the second is a frailty score. Each score was constructed using a principal component analysis. The performance of each score is better than that of any parameter considered independently.

Title: A comparison of the level of physical abilities of older school age players in the sport games Objectives: This thesis is aiming to find out different levels of motor skills among childen of older school age in several sport disciplines. The goal of this project is to compare those skills amongst selected games and the norm of the test battery Methods: The reaserch was conducted by form of testing according to the test battery uniffited test 6-60, Which consisted of ones height and body weight and tests to find out the levels of motor skills. Results: While comparing the result of floorball ice hockey and basketball the players of ice hockey achieved the best performance values, which won in 3 of 4 measured categories. Comparing the results of the whole reaserch file with the uniffit normes probandi achieved avereged to above averege values, only 11 % were bellow average Keywords: physical abilities, unifittest 6-60, sport games, floorball, ice hockey, basketball