Orientador: Juércio Tavares de Mattos / Banca: Diana Sarita Hamburger / Banca: Jairo Roberto Jimenez Rueda / Banca: Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim / Banca: Suely Yoshinaga Pereira / Resumo: o estudo buscou desenvolver uma modelagem da paisagem para a tomada de decisão na gestão socioambiental na bacia a montante do APM - Manso (MT). O banco de dados e as análises envolvidas na modelagem foram estruturados em SIG. As análises não espaciais foram delineadas com as ferramentas de qualidade, o processo hierárquico analítico (AHP) e o emprego das análises de correspondência (CA e DCA). A modelagem espacial foi realizada através da sobreposição, reclassificação, distância e custo/distância, das análises multi-critérios e similaridades. As demandas foram processadas pela AHP para os setores agropecuário, hidrelétrico e turístico e suscitou as matrizes de vetores de decisão. Os resultados das análises multi-critérios foram comparados entre si e em seguida com os usos do solo sugerido pelo Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico (ZEE-MT). As similaridades entre os mapas de cenários se demonstram médias entre os setores hidrelétrico e turístico, bem como quando comparados às áreas da agropecuária. Já as similaridades entre os setores da agropecuária foram todos congruentes entre si, com destaque para as interações entre a agricultura empresarial e pecuária, e agricultura familiar e o setor agropecuário. Os resultados das similaridades entre os mapas de cenários e os usos do solo sugeridos pelo ZZE-MT na maioria foram baixas a médias as associações, exceto para o setor de turismo que obteve uma melhor associação. Assim, o processo decisório aplicado à gestão socioambiental de bacias se demonstrou como um instrumento dinâmico e analítico entre os setores produtivos na geração de cenários na paisagem que incidem sobre o desenvolvimento regional e suas tendências futuras. / Abstract: the study tried to develop a modeling of the landscape in order to make a decision in the socio-environmental management in the basin at the riverhead of the APM - Manso (MT). The data base and the involved analyses in the modeling were structuralized in GIS. The non space analyses were delineated with the quality tools, the analytical hierarchic process (AHP) and the use of the correspondence analyses. The space modeling was carried out through the overlapping, reclassification, distance and cost/distance, the multi-criteria analyses and similarities. The demands were processed by the AHP for the farming, hydroelectric and tourism sectors and excited the matrices of decision vectors. The results of the multi-criteria analyses were compared between themselves and after that with the use of the ground suggested by the Ecological-Economic Zoning (ZEE-MT). The similarities between the maps of sustainability demonstrated averages between the hydroelectric and the tourism sectors, as well as when compared to the areas of farming. The similarities between the sectors of farming were all congruent between themselves, with prominence of the interactions enterprise and cattle agriculture, and familiar agriculture and the farming sector. The results of the similarities between the maps of sustainability and the uses of the ground suggested by the ZZE-MT, the associations in their majority were low to average, except for the tourism sector that had a better association. Thus, the process of decision applied to the basins socio-environmental management showed itself as a dynamic and analytical instrument between the productive sectors in the generation of scenes in the landscape that happen on the regional development and on its future trends. / Doutor

Orientador: Juércio Tavares de Mattos / Coorientador: Arnaldo Yoso Sakamoto / Banca: Cenira Maria Lupinacci da Cunha / Banca: Sérgio dos Anjos Ferreira Pinto / Banca: Vitor Matheus Bacani / Banca: Ericson Hideki Hayakawa / Resumo: O Pantanal é uma região deprimida e plana que sofre inundações periódicas anuais causadas pelo fraco gradiente topográfico e pela capacidade limitada de escoamento das águas pelos canais fluviais durante e após o período que se concentram as chuvas (novembro a maio). A planície pantaneira está localizada no interior da Bacia do Alto Paraguai, que tem, portanto, como rio tronco o Paraguai. Como é uma bacia sedimentar, o Pantanal apresenta seu relevo formado por diversos sistemas deposicionais, como os leques fluviais e as planícies de inundação. Dentre os leques fluviais, o mais evidente é o formado pelo rio Taquari, cujo rio flui pelo Planalto de Maracajú-Campo Grande e ao adentrar a planície se torna um rio meandrante e mais a jusante apresenta drenagem distributária formando o lobo atual até alcançar as margens esquerdas do rio Paraguai. O presente trabalho se concentrou principalmente quanto ao aprimoramento dos conhecimentos da morfologia do relevo da região do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense conhecida como Nhecolândia, que é a porção sul do leque fluvial do Taquari. Diversos autores já discutiram sobre os aspectos físicos presentes nesta região, porém, até então, não existia uma contribuição direta quanto a definição/padronização terminológica dos elementos do relevo, sendo este então a motivação para realização deste trabalho. Assim, o objetivo é identificação, classificação e padronização terminológica das feições do relevo; compreensão e associação das feições com as unidades da paisagem; e por fim, realizar uma compartimentação. Para a realização deste, utilizou-se produtos gerados através de processamento digital de sensores remotos em sistema de informação geográfica, trabalhos de campo para confirmação das informações obtidas pelos processamentos digitais e também... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Pantanal wetland is a large floodplain with seasonal inundation caused small topographic variation and the limited capacity of runoff river channels during and after the period of concentration of rainfall (November to May), with the water river of the Upper Paraguay. How is a sedimentary basin the Pantanal presents its relief formed depositional systems, like as fans and floodplains. The Taquari fan is more expressive and the river through the Plateau-Maracajú Campo Grande and enter the plain becomes a meandering river and after the drainage is distributary until the Paraguay River. This study aimed to increase knowledge of the morphology of the relief of the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul state known as Nhecolândia southern portion of the of Taquari fan. Several authors did research about physical aspects present in this region but don't exist a direct contribution as the definition/terminology of elements of relief so this is the motivation for a to do this work. The aim is the identification, classification and terminology standardization of relief features; understanding of the features and association with the landscape and perform a subdivision. For a make this research was used products generated by digital processing of remote sensing in the geographic information system, field work to confirm the information obtained by digital processing and also collected sediment samples for granulometric characteristics, survey forms and raising the pH and conductivity of surface waters. Based on the literature it was possible to identify several definitions for the same feature of relief with local appointments as "cordilheiras", "baías", "salinas", "corixos" and "vazantes". The result it has several of these classifications were sometimes understood as a combination of elements of the physical environment, and the features of these... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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This work examined the role of the craft brewers of Florida in creating alternative economies. This work argues that craft brewers function in ways that they can create a space in which other, smaller entities might then take advantage. Craft breweries' expansion, and continued success rests on the ability of the brewer to harness the power of transformation, the prism effect, or the refaceting of a space with different meanings. Craft breweries meet many of Jacobs' (1961), as stated in her seminal work, conditions for diversity in the city, especially in the role of self-government. Craft brewers function as informal forms of government for communities, by making smaller entities more visible, by serving as a warrior and weaver for political action in the city, and offering subversive defiance, by which they subtly challenge the dominant disconnected economic structure. Craft breweries serve as a way to create an embedded economy, or as a way of grounding local businesses, social issues, and individual actors together. In this way, the research addressed deeper ethical issues that transcend the idea of craft brewing in general, that the success of craft brewers reflects a form of activism, and a visible way for individuals to circumvent the global processes which left them disengaged in their community. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The link between economic development and urbanisation has placed urban sustainability on national and city agendas. Designing sustainable city centre regeneration projects remains a crucial challenge, particularly in understanding the ways physical planning and social issues interact. Urban regeneration has been criticised for creating issues related to gentrification, displacement, social segregation, lack of coherent spatial planning, rising living costs, poor quality of life, etc. An optimum balance of state/market/civil society forces throughout the decision-making process is crucial to delivering sustainable cities, with policy, politics, governance and resources influencing the dynamics and types of (re)development. This thesis investigates the strategies and processes of urban regeneration in the Malaysian context by exploring the connections between social sustainability and physical planning/urban design. Malaysian urban development is examined in the context of an aspiring world city, Kuala Lumpur, where models of regeneration operate at the intersection of developed and developing country models. Three case studies were selected within Kuala Lumpur to explore how these governance processes and design interventions have impacted on local communities and the urban environment.

Orientador: Gilberto José Garcia / Banca: Sergio dos Anjos Ferreira Pinto / Banca: Mônica Giacomassi de Menezes de Magalhães / Banca: Zacarias Xavier de Barros / Banca: Ailton Luchiari / Resumo: O objetivo do presente foi o Zoneamento Ambiental da Área de Proteção Ambiental Corumbataí, usando critérios de Vulnerabilidade Ambiental, em ambiente SIG segundo uma análise multicritério, visando um ordenamento do uso e cobertura na área de estudo. Na análise multicritério foram aplicadas as variaveis Distância dos Recursos Hídricos, Erodibilidade dos solos, Declividade, Geologicas, Pedológicas e Geomorfologias e Cobertura Vegetal, as quais foram ponderadas segundos critérios de Vulnerabilidade Ambiental e combinadas segundo o método de Combinação Linear Ponderada, esse procedimento culminou em um Mapa de Vulnerabilidade Ambiental. A partir da análise interpretativa de padrões de imagens, a área da APA foi compartimentada, resultando no Mapa de Zoneamento Ambiental, A traves da analise desse mapeamento verificou-se que 39% da APA apresenta alta restrição ao uso e ocupação (escarpa e parte do planalto, imediações de São Pedro), 37% moderada (parte do planalto, borda da represa Barra Bonita, imediações do Rio Cabeça e de São Pedro) e 24% baixa (parte do planalto, médio Jacaré-Pepira, imediações de São Pedro e Barra Bonita). Esse estudo permite subsidiar o ordenamento e a definição de prioridades no uso e ocupação da APA, e pode auxiliar os gestores no planejamento da ocupação territorial / Abstract: The purpose of this study was the zoning of Corumbataí Environmental Protection Area, using vulnerability criteria, in SIG environment and according multicriteria analysis, aiming a ordering of the land cover in the EPA, seen due to the present human activities pressure in this area. Surgace water bodies distribution, slope gradient geological, pedological and geomorphological aspects and vegetal cover was used in the multicriteria analysis. These factors had been evaluated considering vulnerability weighed criteria and this parameters were combined according to the method of Weighed Linear Combination and a Vulnerability Map. Zoning were obtained using image interpretation approach. The results indicated that approximately 39% of the EPA shows high restriction to the use and occupation (scarp and part of plateaus, immediacy of São Pedro city), 37% moderate (part of plateaus, edge of the Barra Bonita dam, immediacy of the Cabeça River and of São Pedro city) and 24% low (part of plateaus, medium Jacaré-Pepira valley and around of São Pedro and Barra Bonita cities). This map allowed to the order and the definition of priorities in the use and occupation in the EPA, and can be usefully the managers at the planning of the territorial occupation order / Doutor

Storms can be both destructive and valuable at the same time. They expose coastal areas to various risks but can also enhance the supply of wind energy and provide marine ecosystems with oxygen rich water. As the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is known to have a significant impact on the wind climate in Europe, investigating its interconnection to storm frequency and intensity under global warming circumstances in the Northern Baltic Sea region was of interest in this study. Wind speed data series of annual storm counts were obtained from five meteorological stations along with PC-based NAO values over the period 1960-2017. The data series were analysed in Microsoft Excel and modelled using a Poisson regression or negative binomial regression model in SPSS Statistics. The results display an unsystematic spatial pattern both in the association to the NAO as well as in the overall storm frequency. However, storm (≥ 21 m s-1) frequency has generally been decreasing, whereas the proportion of severe storms (≥ 24 m s-1) has slightly been increasing, suggesting a tendency toward stronger but fewer storms. Even though only certain data series display statistically significant findings (p ≤ .05), a majority of the winter storms and severe winter storms display a positive association, indicating that a higher NAOI is related to a greater number of winter storms. The spatial and temporal variability in the obtained results can partially be explained by storm tracks and prevalent wind directions. Nevertheless, inhomogeneities do presumably affect the wind speed observations through internal and external influences and changes related to the meteorological stations. Future research should, therefore, also consider integrating other storm related parameters, such as direct air pressure measurements, wave heights and storm surges, as well as implement different data homogenization methods and techniques.

This thesis research investigates and contributes to increased knowledge on municipalities’ approaches to climate adaptation and associated challenges that slow down or hinder climate adaptation approaches in cities. The Stockholm region has experienced climate change and impacts of severe floods, heat waves, storms, sea level rise, forest-fire outbreaks, erosion and landslides. To control the frequency and magnitude of these impacts, local authorities and administrations need to integrate mitigation and adaptation management strategies into physical plans of towns and cities. Surveys carried out in 2016 and 2017 consecutively, evaluate municipalities’ efforts in climate adaptation in different counties in Sweden. The survey report in 2017 reveals that not all municipalities are equally implementing climate adaptation in Stockholm county; and yet the impacts of climate change are to affect all municipalities regardless of size and geographical location. Therefore, to understand the state of climate change adaptation in the municipalities, the author interviewed municipal planners, engineers, environmental investigators, and climate group in Botkyrka, to collect qualitative data for analysis. Data was also gathered through qualitative document analysis to compare drivers of municipality approaches to climate adaptation in Botkyrka and Ekerö municipality. The study results show that there is a gap between Botkyrka and Ekerö municipalities’ climate adaptation work. However, much as these two municipalities are sustainably eveloping, they face a number of challenges that hamper their ability to integrate climate adaptation measure in urban physical plans in order to reduce urban vulnerabilities, and thus build sustainable and climate-resilient cities. / Denna uppsatsforskning undersöker och bidrar till ökad kunskap om kommunernas strategier för klimatanpassning och associerade utmaningar som bromsar eller hindrar klimatanpassningsmetoder i städer. Stockholmsregionen har upplevt klimatförändringar och konsekvenser av allvarliga översvämningar, värmeböljor, stormar, havsnivåer, skogsbränder utbrott, erosion och jordskred. För att styra frekvensen och omfattningen av dessa effekter, behöver kommuner och förvaltningar integrera klimatanpassnings strategier för hantering av begränsnings- och anpassningsåtgärder i fysiska planer av städer. Undersökningar som genomförts under 2016 och 2017 efter varandra, utvärdera kommunernas insatser i klimatanpassning i olika län i Sverige. Undersökningsrapporten i 2017 avslöjar att inte alla kommuner genomför lika klimatanpassning i Stockholms län; och ändå effekterna av klimatförändringarna påverkar alla kommuner oberoende av storlek och geografiska läge. För att förstå tillståndet för klimatanpassning i kommunerna, intervjuade jag kommunala planerare, ingenjörer, miljömässiga utredare och klimat gruppen i Botkyrka kommun, med syftet att samla in kvalitativa data för analys. Jag samlade också data genom kvalitativ dokumentanalys för att jämföra faktorer som driver kommunernas klimatanpassningsarbete. Resultaten från studien visar att det finns en lucka mellan Botkyrka och Ekerö kommunernas klimatanpassnings arbete. Dock, även om dessa två kommuner utvecklar hållbart, står de inför ett antal utmaningar som hämmar deras förmåga att integrera klimatanpassningsåtgärder i urbana fysiska planer för att minska urbana sårbarheter, och därmed bygga hållbara och klimattåliga städer.

Storglaciären is a sub-Arctic polythermal glacier in northern Sweden. Twenty years' monitoring of thecold surface layer found that it has lost one third of its total volume of cold ice with an average thinningrate of 0.80 ± 0.24 m·a-1 for the period of 1989-2009. This thesis presents the continuous investigationof the thermal structure evolution of Storglaciären using thermistor string measurements and a coupledenergy balance-snowpack model. The thickness dynamics of the cold surface layer is derived from boththe thermistor string measurement (2018-2019) and the simulation results (2009-2018).    The subsurface temperature evolution and the associated cold-temperate transition surface (CTS)dynamics are analyzed at both the thermistor scale and glacier scale. Point study involves installing athermistor string and extrapolating the measured subsurface temperature to the pressure melting pointisotherm depth. The simulated CTS depth changes at the study site was also used for comparison. Glacierscale study aims to simulate the spatial and temporal variations of the thickness of the cold surface layer.Meteorological data was collected from multiple automatic weather stations and the solid precipitationwas estimated from the winter mass balance survey. The model was utilized in the study of the coldsurface layer dynamics for the first time.    Both the point scale and glacier scale study suggest an overall thickening trend of the cold surfacelayer. The thermistor derived CTS depth exhibits a thickening rate of ~0.9 m·a-1 compared to the depthderived from ground penetrating radar survey in 2009. The influence of mass balance, melt andaccumulation are also examined by spatial correlation with CTS depth. / Storglaciären är en subarktisk polytermal glaciär i norra Sverige som har ett kallt ytskikt iablationsområdet. Tidigare studier av mäktigheten hos det kalla ytskiktet visar att Storglaciären harförlorat en tredjedel av sin totala volym av kall is med en genomsnittlig uttunningshastighet på 0,80 ±0,24 m · a-1 för perioden 1989-2009. Denna uppsats presenterar den fortsatta utvecklingen av det kallaytskiktet på Storglaciären under perioden 2009 till 2019 med hjälp av istemperaturmätningar och enytenergi balansmodell koppla till en och en termodynamisk modell för snö och is. Istemperaturensutveckling och djupet till övergången mellan kall och tempererad is (CTS) analyseras både på lokalskalavid en punkt och över hela glaciären. Punktstudien utnyttjar temperaturmätningar vid en termistorslingaför att uppskatta temperaturfördelningen i isen och djupet för övergången mellan kall och tempereradis. Resultaten används också för jämförelse med simulerade resultat. Den rumsliga studien använder enkopplad energibalans och en termodynamisk modell för snö och is för att simulera rumsliga ochtidsmässiga variationer av tjockleken på det kalla ytskiktet. Som ingångsdata till modellen användesmeteorologiska data från flera automatiska väder stationer och den nederbörden i fast form uppskattadesfrån massbalans mätningar som görs på glaciären. Det är fösta gången den här typen av modell användsför att studera det kalla ytskiktets dynamik.    Både på lokalskala och glaciärskala tyder på en övergripande förtjockningstrend av det kallaytskiktet. Uppskattningen av CTS djupet vid temperaturmätningar uppvisar en ökningshastighet av ~0,9 m · a-1 av det kalla skiktets tjocklek jämfört med markradar undersökningar i 2009. Påverkan ochrumslig korrelation mellan massbalans, smältning och ackumulation på CTS-djupet undersöks också.

The past stability of vegetation patterns in the Markham Valley (6°30’S, 146°30’E), a lowland grassland area of Papua New Guinea, is investigated by pollen analysis of lake deposits and related palaeoecological techniques.¶ The predominantly organic sediments of Lake Wanum (alt. 35 m) span the last 9600 years. A 14C chronology supports the calculation of annual pollen deposition, sediment accumulation, and carbonised particle influx rates. At Yanamugi lake (alt. 170 m), 14C assays of the calcareous muds are influenced by variable ‘hard- water error’. A tentative chronology is based on palaeomagnetic and tephra correlations.¶ Pollen trapping reveals very high contemporary annual deposition rates within forest, but low values over the central lake area. Surface pollen assemblages from different habitats indicate the localised nature of pollen dispersal, although a relatively ‘long-distance component’ from higher altitudes is also recognised.¶ Analysis of floristic data from the herbaceous swamp vegetation of Lake Wanum suggests the existence of two free floating root-mat associations and two or three rooted associations. Water depth appears the primary control on their distribution.¶ Holocene swamp communities analogous with extant associations may be identified in the palynological record of Lake Wanum. Swamp marginal conditions prevail from 9500 BP until 8200 BP when permanent shallow water becomes established. Rooted vegetation associations then predominate until about 5000 BP. Floating vegetation associations first become important at this time, and subsequently (3000 BP to 2000 BP) come to dominate the site. A general trend towards increased water depth is indicated throughout the sequence.¶ Increased representation of dry-land non-forest pollen occurs from 8550 BP, and grassland taxa become more frequent from about 5350 BP. Synchronous trends in carbonised particle influx identify fire as a probable agent of vegetation change.¶ Little change in dry-land vegetation is recorded in the pollen sequence from Yanamugi, although recent encroachment by swamp vegetation occurs. The large proportion of ‘montane’ pollen and spore taxa in the earlier sediments is attributed to variable fluvial influx. ¶ Conditions at Lake Wanum until 8200 BP may reflect the early Holocene aridity widespread in equatorial areas, although the indirect hydrologic effects of rising sea level cannot be discounted. Human impact appears the main determinant of dry-land vegetation change during much of the Holocene.