student number: 9305872K M.Sc (Med) Dissertation - School of Physiology / Most performance assessments on athletes involve an excessive amount of testing procedures. The efficacy of these tests is not always apparent, and their application is not always practical. Elite male middle-distance runners (n=20) were used to assess the physiological determinants of 800 meter running performance. We used testing methods recommended by the South African Sports Commission, which included body composition, joint flexibility, muscular strength, -power and -endurance, as well as a Wingate test (anaerobic capacity) and an isokinetic evaluation. An assessment of maximal running speed and acceleration at distances up to 300 meters was conducted on a standard tartan track. In addition, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), running economy, onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) and the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) were determined. Measured values were correlated with competitive performance times using the Pearson product-moment correlation technique, with the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Wingate mean- and minimum power, as well as running times at 40, 60, 70, 80, 90, 150 and 300 meters were found to be significantly correlated to performance (r2>0.4; p<0.01). A multiple correlation comparison was used to determine a significant difference between correlations with performance time for the different variables. A stepwise multiple regression determined that 300 meter time-trial time was the strongest predictor of performance, accounting for 79% of the variability in performance, which was a better predictor of performance than a prediction model. The following formula was derived to estimate 800 meter performance from 300 meter time-trial time: 800m time = 37.1062 + 2.17(300m time) [time in seconds] The tests most able to predict 800 meter running performance were sport-specific track tests of high-speed running ability and tests of anaerobic capacity (especially the Wingate cycle ergometer test).

Background: The policework is well known as physical demanding and often are controlled through a test-procedure. The Swedish police academy test-procedure has never been closely looked upon with a purpose to standardize its content. Purpose: This study aims to provide results from this test-procedure that can be used in a standardized and effective education in the Swedish police academy. The focus is on the number of trials given and the 14 tests used, combined with the development of physical capacity of the police students.Method: Descriptive data from the years 2007-08 and 2012-2016 has been analyzed with SPSS v25. A Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon signed rank test and pared t-test was conducted depending on the content of the data.Result: The performance of the second attempt seemed to be higher, especially in the Harres test. Alow correlation between the 14 tests was shown. The physical capacity of the students was increased through the education accept in the agility and aerob capacity.  Conclusion: The students increase their performance over the second attempts doe to a familiarization effect. It’s also showed that the test correlation is relatively low and that the students physical capacity increase during the police academy.

Title: Analysis of improving the physical fitness of rescue brigades and services Cíl práce: The aim of this thesis is to analyze the physical fitness of firefighters ambulance Fire and Rescue Service based on the results of physical tests of individual firefighters for a period of five years. Objective: In this thesis werw used data from regular physical tests Fire Rescue Service. Data were standardized and subsequently evaluated using graphs and T-test. Results: On the basis of the analysis were verified by three hypotheses. Neither of them has not been confirmed. Compared to the expected improvement in physical abilities, the opposite happened, or to their decline. Compared with the general population, they did not reach all members of the Rescue Service of the population average. Key words: physical fitness, rescue brigade, firefighters, physical tests, analysis

A indústria de confecção de vestuário transforma um tecido bidimensional em um artigo tridimensional. Embora existam vários métodos para unir as partes de um artigo de vestuário, a costura com linhas é o método mais utilizado. A costura é quem fornece resistência à peça, e nesse sentido, perde sua funcionalidade se por acaso romper os fios do tecido, ou ainda, se houver rompimento da linha, ou outro problema como esgarçamento, deslizamento do tecido ou da costura. A qualidade de uma costura é definida pelos seus desempenhos funcionais e estéticos. A norma ABNT NBR 9925:2009 estabelece as condições do ensaio que indica se a costura tem tendência a abrir-se mediante a aplicação de uma força; também aponta os tipos de agulhas, linhas e fios, e ainda indica a densidade de pontos e máquinas adequadas para a confecção dos corpos de prova que serão ensaiados. O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar o planejamento de experimentos para estudar a possibilidade de ampliar dos valores de densidade de pontos por centímetro e espessuras das agulhas, propostos pela referida norma ABNT NBR 9925:2009 para verificar a costurabilidade de uniformes escolares. Foram selecionados no mercado três tecidos normalmente utilizados na confecção desses artigos; e em seguida, realizados os ensaios físicos de gramatura, determinação da densidade de pontos por centímetro e determinação do esgarçamento de uma costura padrão. O modelo estatístico escolhido foi o planejamento aleatorizado por níveis; e para a análise dos resultados foram utilizados a ANOVA (análise de variância), com intervalo de confiança de 95%, e o box plot. Os resultados obtidos indicam a viabilidade do uso do estudo proposto para a seleção da densidade de pontos e tipo de agulhas em função da aplicação do produto final. / The industry of making clothing becomes a two-dimensional fabric in a three-dimensional article. Although there are several methods to connect the parts of an article of clothing, the seam with lines is the most used method. The sewing is who provides resistance to the part and, in this sense, the seam loses its functionality if by chance breaking the wires of the tissue, or even if there is no line rupture, or another problem such as fraying, slip the fabric or sewing. The quality of a seam is defined by its functional performance and aesthetic. The ABNT NBR 9925:2009 establishes the conditions for the test that indicates if the seam has a tendency to open up through the application of a force and also indicates the types of needles, lines, wires, dot density and suitable machines for the manufacture of bodies of evidence to be tested. The objective of this work is to use the planning of experiments to study the possibility of expanding the density values of points per centimeter and thicknesses of needles, proposed by ABNT NBR 9925:2009 for the verification of sewability school uniforms. They were selected on the market three tissues normally used in the manufacture of these articles and the tests of physical weight, determination of the density of dots per centimeter and determination of the fraying of a sewing pattern. The statistical model chosen was the randomised trial planning by levels and for the analysis of the results were used for the ANOVA (Analysis of variance), with 95% confidence interval, and the box plot. The results indicate the feasibility of the use of the proposed study to selecting the density of stitches and needle type depending on the application of the final product.

Patients with chronic pain are generally thought to be physically unfit and less active. Hence, physical reconditioning programs are traditionally proposed to such patients as part of their comprehensive rehabilitation program. Traditional physical fitness evaluation is often implemented in patients with low-back pain. However, most methods have not been validated in that context. We recall and discuss earliest findings in the field of physical fitness tests in patients with low-back pain. Maximal physical tests can be reliable when testing conditions are well defined, standardized and controlled. Reliability, however, does not imply validity. Maximal physical tests as applied to patients with pain should indeed be considered as multidimensional since performance to such tests is often limited by psychological factors as fear-avoidance. Hence, maximal physical tests do not allow valid evaluation of physical fitness in most patients with pain. To obtain valid unidimensional fitness assessment in such patients, submaximal testing should be preferred, which is only possible for cardiorespiratory endurance and body composition assessment. We present our personal contribution to the field. Most of this contribution can be found in 7 previously published papers that are included in our manuscript: • Nielens, H. and L. Plaghki. Evaluation of physical adaptation to exercise of chronic pain patients by a step-test procedure. The Pain Clinic. 1:21-28, 1991 • Nielens, H. and L. Plaghki. Perception of pain and exertion during exercise on a cycle ergometer in chronic pain patients. Clin J Pain. 10:204-209, 1994 • Nielens, H., V. Boisset, and E. Masquelier. Fitness and perceived exertion in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin J Pain. 16:209-213, 2000 • Nielens, H., T. M. Lejeune, A. Lalaoui, J. P. Squifflet, Y. Pirson, and E. Goffin. Increase of physical activity level after successful renal transplantation: a 5 year follow-up study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 16:134-140, 2001 • Nielens, H. and E. Masquelier. The role of exercise in the treatment of fibromyalgia: An overview. Int Sportmed J. 2:1-8, 2001 • Nielens, H. and L. Plaghki. Cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity level, and chronic pain: are men more affected than women? Clin J Pain. 17:129-137, 2001 • Nielens, H., D. Cornet, and F. Rigot. Maximal versus submaximal testing protocols to evaluate fitness of patients with chronic low back pain; abstract. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 34, 2002 We developed an original submaximal cycle ergometer test that allows calculation of an original Physical Working Capacity index, the PWC65%/kg and an original Rate of Perceived Exertion index, the RPE65%. We evaluated the reliability and the validity of the PWC65%/kg as a cardiorespiratory endurance index. We also present and discuss our results obtained in chronic pain patients with those indexes. Clearly, male patients with severe chronic pain are more affected than females in terms of physical fitness and activity, probably due to socio-cultural factors. Exertion perception of most patients with low-back pain and/or sciatica seems normal. However, females with fibromyalgia present with a very significant distortion of exertion perception. Physical reconditioning combined with education seems helpful in most patients with chronic pain directly through fitness improvement but also through the major cognitive change it contributes to generate.

The aim of this study was to obtain better knowledge about teenagers' physical capacity and physical activity. The study group consisted of 301 students in upper secondary school, 191 students in practical education (74 girls and 117 boys) and 110 students in theoretical education (57 girls and 53 boys). The adolescents were 16-19 years old and lived in southern Sweden. The study comprised three parts: a questionnaire, seven physical tests (one test to predict maximal oxygen uptake, three strength tests, two flexibility tests and one balance test) and information on each pupil's grades. Pupils in practical education for occupations like industrial- and building workers, mechanics, assistant nurses and hairdressers, all of which are occupations involving physical effort, had lower physical capacity than pupils in theoretical education among both girls and boys. A correlation was found between physical capacity and grades.

A indústria de confecção de vestuário transforma um tecido bidimensional em um artigo tridimensional. Embora existam vários métodos para unir as partes de um artigo de vestuário, a costura com linhas é o método mais utilizado. A costura é quem fornece resistência à peça, e nesse sentido, perde sua funcionalidade se por acaso romper os fios do tecido, ou ainda, se houver rompimento da linha, ou outro problema como esgarçamento, deslizamento do tecido ou da costura. A qualidade de uma costura é definida pelos seus desempenhos funcionais e estéticos. A norma ABNT NBR 9925:2009 estabelece as condições do ensaio que indica se a costura tem tendência a abrir-se mediante a aplicação de uma força; também aponta os tipos de agulhas, linhas e fios, e ainda indica a densidade de pontos e máquinas adequadas para a confecção dos corpos de prova que serão ensaiados. O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar o planejamento de experimentos para estudar a possibilidade de ampliar dos valores de densidade de pontos por centímetro e espessuras das agulhas, propostos pela referida norma ABNT NBR 9925:2009 para verificar a costurabilidade de uniformes escolares. Foram selecionados no mercado três tecidos normalmente utilizados na confecção desses artigos; e em seguida, realizados os ensaios físicos de gramatura, determinação da densidade de pontos por centímetro e determinação do esgarçamento de uma costura padrão. O modelo estatístico escolhido foi o planejamento aleatorizado por níveis; e para a análise dos resultados foram utilizados a ANOVA (análise de variância), com intervalo de confiança de 95%, e o box plot. Os resultados obtidos indicam a viabilidade do uso do estudo proposto para a seleção da densidade de pontos e tipo de agulhas em função da aplicação do produto final. / The industry of making clothing becomes a two-dimensional fabric in a three-dimensional article. Although there are several methods to connect the parts of an article of clothing, the seam with lines is the most used method. The sewing is who provides resistance to the part and, in this sense, the seam loses its functionality if by chance breaking the wires of the tissue, or even if there is no line rupture, or another problem such as fraying, slip the fabric or sewing. The quality of a seam is defined by its functional performance and aesthetic. The ABNT NBR 9925:2009 establishes the conditions for the test that indicates if the seam has a tendency to open up through the application of a force and also indicates the types of needles, lines, wires, dot density and suitable machines for the manufacture of bodies of evidence to be tested. The objective of this work is to use the planning of experiments to study the possibility of expanding the density values of points per centimeter and thicknesses of needles, proposed by ABNT NBR 9925:2009 for the verification of sewability school uniforms. They were selected on the market three tissues normally used in the manufacture of these articles and the tests of physical weight, determination of the density of dots per centimeter and determination of the fraying of a sewing pattern. The statistical model chosen was the randomised trial planning by levels and for the analysis of the results were used for the ANOVA (Analysis of variance), with 95% confidence interval, and the box plot. The results indicate the feasibility of the use of the proposed study to selecting the density of stitches and needle type depending on the application of the final product.

No description available.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-16T22:03:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Camila Fernanda Costa e Cunha Moraes Brandão.pdf: 723403 bytes, checksum: c34640769c1f6bfa0634a52f9776652c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-04-27T17:07:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Camila Fernanda Costa e Cunha Moraes Brandão.pdf: 723403 bytes, checksum: c34640769c1f6bfa0634a52f9776652c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T17:07:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Camila Fernanda Costa e Cunha Moraes Brandão.pdf: 723403 bytes, checksum: c34640769c1f6bfa0634a52f9776652c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-18 / CAPES / CNPq / O propósito deste estudo foi criar um índice unificador dos testes do PROESP-BR para escolares e propor a redução do número dos testes. Foram avaliados 420 adolescentes entre 15 e 17 anos representativos da população das escolas públicas do município de Cuiabá. Os testes englobam a aptidão física geral, sendo: teste abdominal, salto em distância, corrida de 9 minutos, corrida de 20 metros, teste de agilidade do quadrado e arremesso de medicine ball. Foram padronizados os resultados e agrupados em dois fatores; foi criado o ‘escolar otimo’ pelo melhor resultado observado em cada teste. A comunalidade de cada teste (r) significa a representatividade do teste quanto ao conjunto; os alunos foram classificados então em quintis de acordo com a distância euclidiano do ‘escolar ótimo’. Os resultados da comunalidade para meninas e meninos em cada teste, foram respectivamente: resistência abdominal (0,57; 0,43), arremesso de medicine ball (0,82; 0,65), salto horizontal (0,72; 0,67), corrida de 20 metros (0,69; 0,50), teste do quadrado (0,69; 0,50), corrida de 9 minutos (0,42; 0,73), e; para o índice: excelente (0,01 – 3,85; 0,01 – 3,50), muito bom (3,86 – 7,70; 3,51 – 7,00), bom (7,71 – 11,55; 7,01 – 10,50), razoável (11,56 – 15,40; 10,51 – 14,00) e fraco (≥15,40; ≥14,01). O teste que melhor representou o grupo feminino foi o arremesso de medicine ball e salto horizontal, para o grupo masculino a corrida de 9 minutos. Assim, observamos que três testes seriam suficientes para esta bateria de avaliação representando o desempenho global, e os testes podem ser escolhidos de acordo com o sexo. Ainda, foi possível criar um índice global dos avaliados que permite visualizar o desempenho conjunto dos seis testes em uma nota, bem como sua distribuição dentro do grupo e distância do ideal de referencia. / The purpose of this study was to develop a unifying index tests PROESP-BR for school and propose to reduce the number of tests. 420 adolescents were assessed between 15 and 17 representative of the population of public schools in the city of Cuiabá. The tests include general physical fitness, and abdominal test, jump, run 9 minutes, running 20 meters square test of agility and throwing medicine ball. Results and grouped into two factors were standardized; the 'otimo school' was created by the best results observed in each test. The comunalidade each test (r) means the representativeness of the test on the set; students were then sorted into quintiles according to the Euclidean distance 'great school'. The results of commonality for girls and boys in each test were: abdominal strength (0.57, 0.43), throwing medicine ball (0.82, 0.65), horizontal jump (0.72, 0, 67), racing 20 yards (0.69, 0.50), chi-square (0.69, 0.50), race 9 minutes (0.42, 0.73), and; for index: excellent (0.01 to 3.85, 0.01 to 3.50), very good (3.86 to 7.70, 3.51 to 7.00), good (7.71 to 11 55, 7.01 to 10.50), fair (from 11.56 to 15.40, 10.51 to 14.00) and weak (≥ 15.40, ≥ 14.01). The test that best represented the female group was the medicine ball throw and standing long jump for the male group, race 9 minutes. Thus, we observe that three tests would be sufficient for this assessment battery representing the overall performance, and testing can be chosen according to sex. Still, it was possible to create a global index of reviews that lets you view all the six tests in a note performance as well as its distribution within the group and away from the ideal reference.

Lithium-ion batteries are complex systems and making a simulation model of them is always challenging. A method for producing an accurate model with high capabilities for predicting the behavior of the battery in a time and cost efficient way is desired in this field of work. The aim of this thesis has been to develop a method to be close to the desired method as much as possible, especially in two important aspects, time and cost. The method which is the goal of this thesis should fulfill the below five requirements: 1. Able to produce a generic battery model for different types of lithium-ion batteries 2. No or low cost for the development of the model 3. A time span around one week for obtaining the model 4. Able to predict the most aspects of the battery’s behavior like the voltage, SOC, temperature and, preferably, simulate the degradation effects, safety and thermal aspects 5. Accuracy with less than 15% error The start point of this thesis was the study of current methods for cell modeling. Based on their approach, they are divided into three categories, abstract, black box and white box methods. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, but none of them are able to fulfill the above requirements. This thesis presents a method, called “gray box”, which is, partially, a mix of the black and white boxes’ concepts. The gray box method uses values for model’s parameters from different sources. Firstly, some chemical/physical measurements like in the case of the white box method, secondly, some of the physical tests/experiments used in the case of the black box method and thirdly, information provided by cell datasheets, books, papers, journals and scientific databases. As practical part of this thesis, a prismatic cell, EIG C20 with 20Ah capacity was selected as the sample cell and its electrochemical model was produced with the proposed method. Some of the model’s parameters are measured and some others are estimated. Also, the abilities of AutoLion, a specialized software for lithium-ion battery modeling were used to accelerate the modeling process. Finally, the physical tests were used as part of the references for calculating the accuracy of the produced model. The results show that the gray box method can produce a model with nearly no cost, in less than one week and with error around 30% for the HPPC tests and, less than this, for the OCV and voltage tests. The proposed method could, largely, fulfill the five mentioned requirements. These results were achieved even without using any physical tests/experimental data for tuning the parameters, which is expected to reduce the error considerably. These are promising results for the idea of the gray box which is in its nascent stages and needs time to develop and be useful for commercial purposes.