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Modelagem dinâmica e controle para navegação de um veículo aéreo não tripulado do tipo quadricópteroLima, Gabriela Vieira 14 August 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Technological advances in electromechanical sensor and actuators, energy storage, data processing and control methodology made possible the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The quadrotor has emerged as one of these research platforms due to its mechanical simplicity, high maneuverability, as well as its capability of hovering and perform vertical take-off and landing. However, such vehicle presents some challenging issues to control area, like: nonlinearity, time-varying behavior, in addition it belongs to the class of underactuated mechanical systems, and it is subject to aerodynamics disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Therefore, this dissertation has as main objective, contribute to development and control strategies implementation to solve the positioning and path tracking problems of unmanned aerial vehicles, focusing on an underactuated mechanical system. In order to obtain a dynamic model that represents the aerial vehicle properly and realistically, the motion equations were developed based on the physics laws that define the mechanical system. The model we obtained is decoupled, thus we consider the presence of two subsystems, the rotational and the translational ones. A cascade control strategy was implemented, so that, a model predictive control (MPC) was developed to the altitude and orientation control of the aerial vehicle. However, the positioning control along the xy axis was performed through a proportional integral derivative control (PID). Such strategies allowed a smooth path tracking, beyond the possibility of dealing with physical constraints of the system. In order to assess the robustness of the control structure shown, we performed flight simulations under the presence of aerodynamics disturbances and parametric uncertainties. / Avanços tecnológicos em sensores e atuadores microeletromecânicos, no armazenamento de energia, no processamento de informações e em metodologias de controle possibilitaram o desenvolvimento dos veículos aéreos não tripulados (VANT s). O quadricóptero tem emergido como uma destas plataformas de pesquisa devido a sua simplicidade mecânica, a alta manobrabilidade, bem como a capacidade de realizar pairagem e decolagens e pousos verticais. Contudo, tal veículo apresenta algumas características desafiadoras para a área de controle, como: não linearidades, comportamento variante no tempo, além de pertencer à classe dos sistemas mecânicos subatuados e estar sujeito a distúrbios aerodinâmicos e incertezas paramétricas. Desta forma, este trabalho possui como principal objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento e a implementação de estratégias de controle para solucionar os problemas de posicionamento e rastreamento de trajetória em veículos aéreos não tripulados, focando em um sistema mecânico subatuado. Com o intuito de obter um modelo dinâmico que represente de forma apropriada e realista o veículo aéreo, suas equações de movimento foram desenvolvidas baseando-se nas leis físicas que regem o sistema mecânico. O modelo obtido é desacoplado, portanto, consideramos a existência de dois subsistemas, o rotacional e o translacional. Uma estratégia de controle em cascata foi implementada, de modo que, um controle preditivo baseado em modelo (CPBM) foi desenvolvido para o controle da altitude e da orientação do veículo aéreo. Já o controle de posicionamento no eixo xy foi efetuado através de um controlador proporcional integral derivativo (PID). Tais estratégias permitiram um rastreamento de trajetória suave, além da possibilidade de lidar com as restrições físicas do sistema. Com o intuito de avaliar a robustez da estrutura de controle apresentada, foram realizadas simulações de voo na presença de distúrbios aerodinâmicos e incertezas paramétricas. / Mestre em Ciências
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Implementação de sistemas de controle difuso em uma planta didática / Implementation of fuzzy control systems in a didactic plantGrimaldos, Miguel Angel Ahumedo 29 August 2016 (has links)
The present work aims to expand the possibilities of PD 3 control strategies implementation and to evaluate, in a practical way, different strategies of fuzzy logic application in the control of processes of a didactic plant (PD 3). This was accomplished by adding fuzzy control strategies to the conventional industrial control strategies with which the PD 3 system is factory configured. The conventional strategies use PID controllers and its variations (P, PI and PD) which parameters are preset and "implanted" in the instruments. Three fuzzy control strategies were performed with temperature as the main process variable to be controlled and flow as the secondary variable to be controlled. The first strategy was the fuzzy-PID temperature control; it was used the local PID controller of PD 3 and a strategy was developed in fuzzy logic in an external workstation, for tuning of the PID parameters in real time. The PD 3 controller acts directly on the power of the heating resistances, which is the manipulated variable. This way, the temperature was controlled in the process. The second strategy, called temperature fuzzy-PID + flow, continued using the same fuzzy-PID temperature controller but was added a fuzzy control to regulate the process flow variable. This fuzzy control was developed at the work station and directly manipulates the actuator of the intelligent water inlet control valve to the heating tank. Finally, a completely fuzzy strategy was developed to control temperature and flow variables of the process. Of the three strategies implemented, completely fuzzy controller presented the best response when observed all metrics and performance indicators. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivos ampliar as possibilidades de implementação de estratégias de controle da PD 3 e avaliar de forma prática diferentes estratégias de aplicação da lógica difusa no controle de processos de uma planta didática (PD 3). Isto foi realizado adicionando estratégias de controle difusas às estratégias convencionais de controle industrial, com as quais o sistema da PD 3 vem configurado de fábrica. As estratégias convencionais utilizam controladores do tipo PID e suas variações (P, PI e PD) cujos parâmetros são pré-ajustados e “implantados” nos instrumentos. Foram realizadas três estratégias de controle difuso com a temperatura como variável principal a controlar e a vazão como variável secundaria a controlar. A primeira estratégia foi o controle de temperatura difuso-PID, na qual foi utilizado o controlador PID local da PD 3 e foi desenvolvida uma estratégia em lógica difusa, em uma estação de trabalho externa, para a sintonia em tempo real dos parâmetros PID. O controlador da PD 3 atua diretamente sobre a potência das resistências de aquecimento, sendo esta a variável manipulada. Desta maneira se realizou o controle da temperatura no processo. A segunda estratégia, denominada temperatura difuso-PID + vazão, continuou usando o mesmo controlador de temperatura difuso-PID, mas foi adicionado um controle difuso para regular a variável vazão do processo. Este controle difuso foi desenvolvido na estação de trabalho e manipula diretamente o atuador da válvula de controle inteligente de entrada de agua ao tanque de aquecimento. Por último, foi desenvolvida uma estratégia totalmente difusa para controlar as variáveis temperatura e vazão do processo. Das três estratégias implementadas, a que apresentou melhor performance foi a do controlador totalmente difuso quando observadas as métricas e índices de desempenho.
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Controle de uma plataforma inercial estabilizada com três graus de liberdade. / Control of an inertial stabilized platform with three degrees of freedom.José Batista de Oliveira Júnior 04 March 2016 (has links)
Esta dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma inercial autônoma com três graus de liberdade para aplicação em estabilização de sensores - por exemplo, gravimétricos estacionários e embarcados - podendo ser utilizada também para estabilização de câmeras. O sistema é formado pela Unidade de Medida Inercial, IMU, desenvolvida utilizando um sensor micro eletromecânico, MEMS - que possui acelerômetro, giroscópio e magnetômetros nos três eixos de orientação - e um microcontrolador para aquisição, processamento e envio dos dados ao sistema de controle e aquisição de dados. Para controle dos ângulos de inclinação e orientação da plataforma, foi implementado um controlador PID digital utilizando microcontrolador. Este recebe os dados da IMU e fornece os sinais de controle utilizando as saídas PWM que acionam os motores, os quais controlam a posição da plataforma. Para monitoramento da plataforma foi desenvolvido um programa para aquisição de dados em tempo real em ambiente Matlab, por meio do qual se pode visualizar e gravar os sinais da IMU, os ângulos de inclinação e a velocidade angular. Testou-se um sistema de transmissão de dados por rádio frequência entre a IMU e o sistema de aquisição de dados e controle para avaliar a possibilidade da não utilização de slip rings ou fios entre o eixo de rotação e os quadros da plataforma. Entretanto, verificou-se a inviabilidade da transmissão em razão da baixa velocidade de transmissão e dos ruídos captados pelo receptor de rádio frequência durante osmovimentos da plataforma. Sendo assim, dois pares de fios trançados foram utilizados fios para conectar o sensor inercial ao sistema de aquisição e processamento. / This work presents the development of a three-degree of freedom autonomous inertial platform for the use in sensors stabilization - for example, stationary and embedded gravimeters. It can also be used to stabilize cameras. The system is composed by the Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU, developed using a micro electromechanical sensor, MEMS - which has an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magnetometer in the three axes of orientation - and a microcontroller for data acquisition, data processing and data sending to the control and data acquisition system. To control the platform angles and its orientation, a digital PID controller was implemented using a microcontroller. It receives data from the IMU and provides the control signals using the PWM outputs that drive the motors to control the platform position. In order to supervise the platform operation, a real time data acquisition software was developed in Matlab, where IMU signals, inclination angles and angular velocities can be displayed and recorded. Data transmission via radio frequency between the IMU and the data acquisition and control system was tested in order to evaluate the possibility of not using slip rings or wires between the rotation axis and platform frames. This approach was unsuccessful due to the low speed of data transmission and to the noise that affected the radio frequency receiver during the platform\'s movements. In view of that wire was used to directly connect the inertial sensor to the acquisition and processing system.
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Plataforma de Testes de Algoritmos de Controle para Sistemas em Tempo Real / Platform Test of the Control Algorithms For systems in Real TimeCosta Filho, Pedro Turibe 30 October 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Pedro Turibe.pdf: 1407215 bytes, checksum: 1301d5c29a7bdde34bd0b2385be26a03 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006-10-30 / The conception, design and synthesis of a platform to evaluate the performance
of the in real time control algorithms is the main focuses of this Master Thesis.
For conception purpose, the platform is classi¯ed in structural and functional
parts, the structural one is composed of the hardware that are sensors, actuators,
controllers and related devices. The functional part is formed by algorithms to
manager the platform resources and real time control strategies. The platform
is dedicated to the speed control of a direct current motor and the temperature
control of an electric furnace. These plants are used to develop methods for real
time control, parameter estimation and controller tuning. The parameter estima-
tion of the motor and furnace is performed in the platform, the obtained models
are used to design the PID controller optimal gains. / Apresenta-se uma metodologia para o projeto de uma plataforma para avaliar o
desempenho de algoritmos de controle em tempo real. O sistema é organizado em
partes estrutural e funcional; a estrutural é constituída pelos elementos de hardware que são as plantas, sensores, atuadores e controladores; a parte funcional
é constituída pelos algoritmos para o gerenciamento dos recursos da plataforma
e para controle de sistemas dinâmicos. A plataforma é dedicada ao controle de
velocidade de um motor de corrente continua e controle de temperatura de um
forno elétrico, estas plantas são utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de métodos e
verificação de aplicações de controle em tempo real, estimação de parâmetros e
sintonia de ganhos dos controladores. A plataforma é utilizada para o levantamento dos parâmetros do motor e forno. Os modelos das plantas são utilizados
para o projeto de controladores do tipo PID que são sintonizados por métodos de
otimização.
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Estratégias de controle para isolação ativa de vibrações em barras de pulverizadores agrícolas / Control strategies for active vibration isolation for booms of agricultural sprayersCristiano Okada Pontelli 14 December 2012 (has links)
A utilização de sistemas de controle para estabilidade de conjuntos de barras para pulverizadores agrícolas é uma tendência devida principalmente aos problemas ambientais e de custo. Neste trabalho, o comportamento dinâmico de um pulverizador de arrasto é analisado através de um modelo não linear, obtido através de técnicas de modelagem de sistemas multicorpos utilizando-se o programa ADAMS. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias de controle PID e \"fuzzy\" a partir de medidas obtidas com fusão de sensores. A estratégia de controle clássica PID foi desenvolvida e implementada no modelo não linear no ADAMS através de ferramentas internas existentes no programa. Já a estratégia \"fuzzy\" foi desenvolvida e implementada no modelo não linear no ADAMS através da técnica de co-simulação ADAMS/Matlab. O comportamento dos sistemas de controle foi investigado através de simulação computacional. Foram testados alguns tipos de entradas (entrada degrau, entrada harmônica, entrada randômica e entrada randômica com descontinuidades bruscas). Em todas as simulações os resultados obtidos com os sistemas de controles ativos mostraram melhor estabilidade do conjunto de barras. Entre as leis de controle implementadas (PID e \"fuzzy\") não houve grandes diferenças entre as oscilações da barra exceto na entrada do tipo randômica com descontinuidades bruscas. Neste caso a lei de controle \"fuzzy\" apresentou uma grande melhoria com boa atenuação das oscilações do conjunto de barras quando comparadas com a aplicação do sistema de controle PID. / The use of active control systems for stability of booms in agricultural sprayers trend is mainly due to the environmental and costs question. In this work, the dynamic behavior of a trailed sprayer is analyzed using a nonlinear model, obtained through techniques of modeling multibody systems using the ADAMS. It is used two active control strategies, PID classical control and fuzzy, with measured data from sensor fusion. The classical PID control strategy was developed and implemented in a nonlinear model on ADAMS software using existing tools built into the program. Fuzzy was another strategy developed and implemented in the nonlinear model on ADAMS software using a technique of co-simulation ADAMS/Matlab. The behavior of control systems was investigated through computer simulation. It was tested some types of inputs (step input, harmonic input, random input and random input with abrupt discontinuities). All simulations data obtained from the applications of active systems showed better stability for boom assembly. Among the implemented two active control laws (PID and \"fuzzy\") there were no significant differences between the oscillations attenuation of the boom, except with the random input with abrupt discontinuities. wherein this case the application of the active control \"fuzzy\" strategy developed better stability on boom than the application of PID control.
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Einstellung von PI-Reglern bei Send-on-Delta-AbtastungHensel, Burkhard 08 December 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Energieeffizienz hat in Forschung und Alltag eine zentrale Bedeutung. Arbeiten verschiedene elektronische Geräte zusammen, um gemeinsam eine Regelungsaufgabe zu lösen, müssen sie miteinander kommunizieren. Ein Beispiel aus dem Alltag sind Funk-Raumtemperaturregler, bei denen ein batteriebetriebener Temperatursensor und ein Heizungsaktor (Stellantrieb am Heizungsventil) über drahtlose Kommunikation zusammenarbeiten. Diese Kommunikation benötigt oft mehr Energie als der Betrieb der eigentlichen (elektronischen) Funktionalität der Teilsysteme.
Energieeffizienter als die in Regelkreisen übliche periodische (äquidistante) Abtastung ist – durch eine Verringerung der Nachrichtenrate – eine ereignisbasierte Abtastung. Send-on-Delta-Abtastung ist die am weitesten verbreitete Art der ereignisbasierten Abtastung. Dabei wird der Wert der Regelgröße (im Beispiel die Raumtemperatur) nicht in konstanten Zeitintervallen übertragen, sondern nur dann, wenn er sich um einen bestimmten Betrag geändert hat.
Der mit einem Anteil von über 90 % im Praxiseinsatz am weitesten verbreitete Reglertyp ist der PID-Regler, wobei die meisten als „PID-Regler“ bezeichneten Regler aus verschiedenen Gründen keinen D-Anteil (Differential-Anteil) verwenden und daher als „PI-Regler“ bezeichnet werden können. Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, systematisch zu untersuchen, wie man PI-Regler einstellen sollte, um neben dem Erreichen einer hohen Regelgüte auch die Vorteile der Send-on-Delta-Abtastung bezüglich der Netzlastreduktion und Energieeffizienz bestmöglich auszunutzen. Die „Gewichtung“ dieser sich teilweise widersprechenden Kriterien ist anwendungsspezifisch einstellbar. / Energy efficiency is very important both in science and everyday life. If different electronic devices work together, for example for solving a control task together, they have to communicate with each other. An everyday life example are room temperature controllers using radio communication between a battery-powered temperature sensor and a heating actuator. This communication often needs more energy than the operation of the actual (electronic) functionality of the components.
More energy-efficient than the commonly used periodic sampling is event-based sampling, due to the reduction of the message rate. Send-on-delta sampling is the most widely-known kind of event-based sampling. In that case, the value of the controlled variable (e.g. the room temperature) is not transmitted equidistantly but only when it has changed by a specific amount.
The most successful controller in practice is the PID controller. The most so-called “PID controllers” do not use the D part (differential action) for several reasons and can therefore be called “PI controllers”. This work analyses systematically how the parameters of a PI controller should be tuned to reach besides a high control quality also a good exploitation of the advantages of send-on-delta sampling regarding network load reduction and energy efficiency. The “weighting” of these partially contradicting criteria is application specifically adjustable.
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Recherche, développement et réalisation d'un contrôleur de Fabry-Perot de nouvelle génération / Research, development and realization of a new generation Fabry-Perot controllerOuattara, Issa 25 June 2015 (has links)
L’équipe Physique des Galaxies du Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille a développé un nouveau type d'interféromètre de Fabry-Perot, équipé de trois actionneurs piézoélectriques amplifiés et de trois capteurs capacitifs permettant le contrôle de l'espacement et du parallélisme des lames de verres de l'ordre de 200 µm avec une précision de positionnement du nm.L'objectif visé de ce manuscrit, composé de 3 parties, est le pilotage de cet interféromètre. La première partie, composée des chapitres 1 et 2, présente les généralités sur l'interférométrie de Fabry-Perot puis décrit les instruments 3DNTT et BTFI où seront installés l'interféromètre de nouvelle génération et son contrôleur associé. La conception et la réalisation d'un amplificateur hybride en vue de la réduction des non-linéarités des actionneurs piézoélectriques mettent fin à cette partie.La deuxième partie, chapitres 3 et 4, décrit le développement et la réalisation du contrôleur. Pour cela, une démarche basée sur le concept du Co-design a été adoptée.Le contrôleur ainsi réalisé est composé d'une carte de développement Microzed dont le cœur est un système sur puce de la série Zynq 7000 EPP et d'une carte d'interfaçage comportant des convertisseurs 3 ADC et 3 DAC et des circuits d'alimentation. La troisième et dernière partie, chapitres 5 et 6, traite de la modélisation d'état de l’interféromètre de Fabry-Perot et de son contrôle : un contrôle classique basé sur la régulation PID et un contrôle robuste et optimal basé sur le filtrage de KALMAN. Cette dernière partie conclut sur les perspectives pouvant découler des contributions de ce travail sur le contrôle et la commande Fabry-Perot. / The Physics of Galaxies Team of Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM) has developed a new type of Fabry-Perot, with three amplified piezoelectric actuators and three capacitive sensors to control the spacing and parallelism of mirror plates of approximately 200 µm with a positioning accuracy of 3 nm.The purpose of this manuscript, consisting of 3 parts is the control of this interferometer.The first part, consisting of Chapters 1 and 2 presents the general interferometry Fabry-Perot and then describes 3DNTT and BTFI instruments which will be installed the next generation interferometer and its associated controller. The design and implementation of a hybrid amplifier to reduce non-linearities of the piezoelectric actuators (hysteresis and creep) end this first part.The second part, Chapters 3 and 4, describes the development and implementation of the controller.For this, an approach based on codesign concept was adopted. The thus achieved controller consists of a Microzed development board whose heart is a system on chip of the 7000 series Zynq EPP (FPGA + Dual-Core ARM Cortex A9) and an interface card with converters (3 ADC and 3 DAC) and power supply circuits.For the finalization of the controller, two steps are necessary: hardware design in Xilinx Vivado and software design in Xilinx SDK.The third and final section, chapters 5 and 6 deals with the Fabry-Perot space-state modeling and its control: a classic control based on PID control and a robust and optimal control based on KALMAN filtering. This last part concludes the outlook may result from contributions of this work on the monitoring and control of the Fabry-Perot.
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Modeling and Evaluation of Turret Control Systems for Main Battle TanksLyth, Mikael January 2021 (has links)
The aim of the thesis was to implement and compare control methods in a model of a main battle tank. Three controllers were implemented in a two axis gimbal model and their performances were compared. The comparisons were performed using step changes in the reference signal, frequency analysis of an oscillating reference signal and disturbances, and turret mass uncertainties. The results showed that the sliding mode controller had the best performance for both reference changes and disturbance attenuation. The PID controller had a better performance for the change in reference, compared to the model predictive controller, but a significantly worse disturbance attenuation. Due to model approximations, such as assuming ideal engines and noise reduction, the results likely show a better performance than what can be expected if applied on a real main battle tank. Therefore, the results show an upper limit of the stabilization performance of turret and barrel control and should only be used to compare the controllers. / Målet med uppsatsen var att implementera och jämföra reglermetoder för en teoretisk modell av en modern stridsvagn. Tre metoder implementerades i ett tvåaxligt gimbalsystem och deras prestanda utvärderades. Mer specifikt utvärderades regulatorernas respons för en referensändring, en referensstörning och osäkerheter i tornets massa och massfördelning. Utifrån dessa resultat jämfördes sedan reglermetoderna. Resultaten visade att sliding mode regulatorn hade bäst prestanda för både referensändring och referensstörningen när man tittar på frekvensanalys av mät- och processstörningar. PID-regulatorn hade en bättre prestanda än MPC-regulatorn för en referensändring men en sämre respons för en referensstö-rning. På grund av modellförenklingar som till exempel antaganden om ideala motorer och brusreduktion visar resultaten troligen en något bättre prestanda än vad som kan uppnås på en riktigt stridsvagn. Det medför att resultaten visar en övre gräns för vad styrsystemet för en stridsvagns torn- och eldrörsrotation kan uppnå.
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Development and Validation of a Nanosatellite Testbed for Flexible Space Structure Attitude Control / Utveckling och validering av en nanosatellittestbädd för attitydreglering av flexibel rymdstrukturerByrne, Loui January 2023 (has links)
This thesis project has been conducted during a five-month research exchange visit to the Space Structure Dynamics and Control research group at University College Dublin. This report presents the design, development, and validation of a nanosatellite attitude control testbed. The testbed was designed to replicate the microgravity conditions of space by utilising an air bearing, enabling single-axis rotational motion for a 1U CubeSat-sized nanosatellite. The novel aspect of this research is the inclusion of two-degree-of-freedom, lumped-mass flexible appendages on either side of the nanosatellite, emulating a lightweight, flexible space structure. These flexible appendages were designed based on the stiffness characteristics of a deployable CubeSat solar array system found in existing literature, with exaggerated motion to amplify the measurable effects of various control approaches. The central focus of this project was the development of an avionics stack closely resembling CubeSat attitude control boards. The stack uses an STM32 microcontroller as the primary attitude control computer, and a suite of off the shelf breakout boards for sensors and wireless telemetry systems. Power, serial and I2C buses connect the attitude control board and the onboard computer board. A reaction wheel actuator controls the Euler heading attitude. The testbed was designed as an experimental platform for validating control algorithms developed through a model-based approach. Integration with the Simulink Embedded Coder toolbox allows for the compilation of Simulink models into C code, facilitating direct execution on the testbed. The testbed’s physical construction involves 3D printed ABS components, with the inclusion of load cells to measure disturbance torques from the excited flexible appendages. Results from validation experiments show that a simple PID controller causes significant excitation in the flexible appendages during a slew manoeuvre. However, the introduction of an input shaped attitude profile tailored to the natural frequency of the appendages successfully reduced the measured appendage excitation by 50%. Conversely, the force impedance wave based control approach did not show a reduction in appendage excitation, but shows promise for further developments in future work. In conclusion, the testbed has successfully achieved its predefined project objectives, albeit requiring further refinement, particularly in the telemetry down-link system. It is recommended that future work focuses on enhancement of the telemetry system, and validation of a model based approach to controller design. / Detta examensarbete har utförts under ett fem månaders forskningsutbyte vid forskningsgruppen Space Structure Dynamics and Control vid University College Dublin. Denna rapport presenterar design, utveckling och validering av en testbädd för attitydstyrning av en nanosatellit. Testbädden utformades för att efterlikna mikrogravitationsförhållandena i rymden genom att använda ett luftbärande lager, vilket möjliggör rotationsrörelse kring en axel för en nanosatellit av storleken 1U CubeSat. En unik aspekt av detta arbete är inkluderingen av två-frihet-graders, sammansatta flexibla påhängen på vardera sidan av nanosatelliten, vilket efterliknar en lätt, flexibel rymdstruktur. Dessa flexibla påhängen utformades med utgångspunkt från styvhetsegenskaperna hos ett utskjutbart CubeSat-solcellssystem som finns i befintlig litteratur, med överdriven rörelse för att förstärka de mätbara effekterna av olika styrmetoder. Det centrala fokuset för detta projekt var utvecklingen av en avionikstack som nära liknar CubeSat-attitydregleringkort. Stacken använder en STM32-mikrokontroller som primär dator för attitydkontroll och ett urval färdiga breakout-kort för sensorer och trådlös telemetri. Strömförsörjning, serie- och I2C-bussar ansluter attitydregleringkortet och omborddatorn med en reaktionshjulsaktuator som styr Euler-attityd. Testbädden utformades som en experimentell plattform för att validera styralgoritmer som utvecklats med hjälp av en modellbaserad metod. Integration med Simulink Embedded Coder möjliggör kompilering av Simulink-modeller till C-kod, vilket underlättar direkt exekvering på testbädden. Testbäddens fysiska konstruktion innefattar 3D-utskrivna ABS-komponenter med inkludering av lastceller för att mäta störningsmoment från de exciterade flexibla påhängen. Resultaten från valideringsexperiment visar att en enkel PID-regulator orsakar betydande excitation i de flexibla påhängena under en vridningsmanöver. Dock lyckades en input-formad attitydprofil som anpassats till de flexibla påhängenas naturliga frekvens framgångsrikt minska den uppmätta excitationen med 50%. Omvänt visade den kraftimpedansvågbaserade styrmetoden inte någon minskning i excitation, men visar potential för vidare utvecklingar i framtida arbete. Sammanfattningsvis har testbädden framgångsrikt uppnått sina fördefinierade projektmål, om än med behov av ytterligare förfining, särskilt i telemetrisystemet. Det rekommenderas att framtida arbete fokuserar på förbättring av telemetrisystemet och validering av en modellbaserad ansats till styrdesign.
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Návrh autopilota a letových řídících módů v prostředí Simulink / Development of Autopilot and Flight Director Modes inside a Simulink EnvironmentNovák, Jiří January 2020 (has links)
Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na vývoj simulačního prostředí v Matlab/Simulink zvoleného letadla ve známém letovém režimu. Pozice a orientace letadla pohybujícího se ve vzduchu je popsána pohybovými rovnicemi se šesti stup\v{n}i volnosti. Soustava translačních, rotačních a kinematických rovnic tvoří soustavu devíti nelineárních diferenciálních rovnic prvního řádu. Tyto rovnice lze linearizovat okolo nějakého rovnovážného stavu, který budeme nazývat letovým režimem. Součástí simulačního prostředí je řídící systém letadla založený na PID regulaci. Základem je návrh autopilota, který řídí úhel podélného sklonu a úhel příčného náklonu. Součástí návrhu jsou takzvané „flight director\textquotedblright \phantom{s}m\'dy jako udržení výšky, volba kursu, regulace vertikální rychlosti, změna výšky, zachycení požadované výšky a navigační m\'{o}d založený na nelineárním navigačním zákonu. Optimalizace regulátorů za použití PSO algoritmu a Pareto optimalitě je využita pro nastavení parametrů PID regulátoru. Simulační prostředí je vizualizováno v softwaru FlightGear.
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