The thesis in its first part outlines in general the iconographical type of pietà and its genesis from the very beginning of the representation of this type until the end of the 14th century. Furthermore the work interprets the literary sources and its impact on the form of medieval pietàs. The emphasis in all chapters of this work will be put in the first place on the type of the so called Beautiful pietàs of the Beautiful Style. In the first, theoretical part of the work the author presents, among others, an interpretation of Beautiful pietàs' gestures. The second part of the thesis treats seven concrete Beautiful pietàs chosen as illustrative representatives of the iconographical type they belong to. The attention will be devoted to the Pietà of Marburg, Pietà of Baden, Pietà of St. Elisabeth in Wrocław, Pietà of the Kreuzenstein Castle, K ivák's Pietà, Pietà from the Hermitage Museum in Petersburg and Pietà of Celje. In the case of these concrete examples will be summarized and interpreted the existing research outputs. Subsequently the author will attempt to solve some of the problems and questions relating to the concrete sculptures concerning in particular the time of their creation, provenance, the original placement and authorship.

This thesis is divided into two main parts. The First cultural-historical part is dedicated to introduction of cultural-historical context between Bohemian kingdom and Silesia. Historical development of Silesia and its joining into the union of Lands of Bohemian crown is also shortly discussed. The second art-historical chapter in first part brings the resume of literature dedicated to phenomenon of beautiful style. The second part brings resume of literature dedicated particularly to the Silesian centre of beautiful style. And the last part of this chapter consists of a catalogue of chosen works of beautiful style from Wroclaw. Those are Pietà of St. Elisabeth in Wroclaw, Pietà of Virgin Mary on Sand church in Wroclaw, Man of sorrows from Goldsmith's altar, Pietà from St. Stanislaw and Wenzel church in Sweidnitz, Pietà from St. Matthew church. For each of these works a detailed formal analysis is made and existing research outputs are summarized. As a conclusion of researches mentioned above an attempt is made to improve accuracy of dating and to answer some questions related to those works of art.

Thème central des débats du XVIIIe siècle sur les fondements de la sociabilité humaine et sur les sources du Moi, la compassion est aussi l’un des sentiments les plus analysés par Leopardi dans son journal philosophique, le Zibaldone. Or, plus que tout autre siècle ou tradition, le XVIIIe siècle marque de son empreinte l’étude léopardienne des passions humaines. La doctrine de la compassion de Leopardi subit-elle aussi cette influence ? Quelle place occupe Leopardi dans l’histoire moderne des théories philosophiques de la compassion ? Se situe-t-il du côté des défenseurs de la compassion, exemplairement représentés par Rousseau, ou du côté de ses nombreux adversaires ? Après un premier chapitre introductif sur le contexte où prend forme le nouveau paradigme moral et lexical du XVIIIe siècle, cette recherche aborde les grandes questions rencontrées par Leopardi dans son analyse de la compassion : la nature énigmatique de ce sentiment ; ses principes et ses composantes ; les conditions psycho-physiques des différentes catégories de personnes qui sont prédisposées ou non à éprouver ce sentiment ; les objets « pitoyables » ainsi que les états d’âme et les moments de la vie qui favorisent davantage l’apparition de ce sentiment. Enfin, le dernier chapitre ouvre une perspective sur la dernière forme de compassion envisagée par Leopardi : la compassion universelle. Ce travail souhaite ainsi souligner les nuances de la théorie et de l’expérience du sentiment de la compassion chez Leopardi, en montrant la complexité d’une analyse toujours en tension entre anthropologie et morale, ontologie et phénoménologie, philosophie et poésie. / Compassion, at the center of the Enlightenment debate on the fundamentals of sociability and human nature, is perhaps one of the most analyzed feelings in Leopardi’s Zibaldone. Enlightenment contributed, more than any other tradition, to the shaping of Leopardi’s thought, and surely contributed to his interest in passions and human nature. Hence, can we say that it also influenced his examination of compassion ? What is the place of Leopardi within the modern history of the philosophical theories of compassion ? Does he stand with its defenders, whose main champion is Rousseau, or rather with its many opponents ?After an introductory chapter outlining the context in which the new moral and lexical paradigm of the Enlightenment develops, this study explores the topics examined by Leopardi in his analysis of compassion : the enigmatic nature of this feeling, its principles and elements ; the psychophysical conditions of different categories of people who are predisposed, in different degrees, to feel compassion ; the objects that move compassion ; the different moods and stages of life in which one is more inclined to compassion. Finally, the last chapter presents the ultimate form of compassion in Leopardi : the universal compassion. The main goal of this research is therefore to illustrate the diverse facets of the theory and experience of compassion in Leopardi, and to show the complexity of his analysis, which is constantly in between anthropology and morals, ontology and phenomenology, philosophy and poetry. / Al centro del dibattito illuministico sui fondamenti della sociabilità e della natura umana, la compassione è forse uno dei sentimenti più analizzati nello Zibaldone di Leopardi. Più di ogni altro secolo e di ogni altra tradizione, quella illuministica ha contribuito alla formazione del pensiero di Leopardi, influenzandone soprattutto l’interesse verso le passioni e la natura umana. Si può dire che questa tradizione abbia inciso anche sull’analisi leopardiana della compassione ? Qual è il posto di Leopardi nella storia moderna delle teorie filosofiche della compassione ? Si schiera con i suoi difensori, di cui il rappresentante principale è Rousseau, o con i suoi numerosi avversari ?Dopo un primo capitolo introduttivo sul contesto in cui prende forma il nuovo paradigma morale e lessicale dell’illuminismo, questa ricerca affronta le tematiche incontrate da Leopardi nella sua analisi della compassione : dalla natura enigmatica di questo sentimento ai princìpi e componenti ; dalle condizioni psicofisiche delle diverse categorie di persone che sono più o meno predisposte a provare compassione, agli oggetti “compassionevoli” ; dagli stati d’animo ai momenti della vita in cui si è più inclini a provare questo sentimento. Infine, l’ultimo capitolo offre uno scorcio sull’ultima forma di compassione leopardiana : la compassione universale. Questo lavoro intende così mettere in luce le numerose sfaccettature della teoria e dell’esperienza della compassione in Leopardi, mostrando la complessità di un’analisi sempre in tensione tra antropologia e morale, ontologia e fenomenologia, filosofia e poesia.