Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 1989. / Title from web page (viewed on Mar. 4, 2010). Accompanying offprints stored in end pocket. With: A combined radio and acoustic transmitter for fixing direction and range of freshwater fish (RAFIX) / J.D. Armstrong ... et al. J. Fish Biol. 33, 879-884. With: An acoustic telemetry system for monitoring the heart rate of pike, Esox Lucius L. and other fish in their natural environment / J.D. Armstong ... et. J. Exp Bio 1989: 143, 549-552. With: Effects of implanted dummy transmitters on mortality, growth and tissue reaction in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri / M.C. Lucas . J. Fish Bio. 35, 577-587. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1970. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-138).

Abstract Larvae of perch (100-200 thousand per ha) were planted into the ponds Bejkovna (1,33 ha) and Kamenný (1,54 ha). Larvea of pikeperch (150 - 300 thousand per ha) into the ponds Hejškův (0,88 ha) and Hadač (2,7 ha). Pond Bagr was used such as an additional data source. The aim of this study was Comparision of rate of pike and pike perch cannibalism in first year of life. There wasn?t observed cannibalism and different sizes of perch individuals in the ponds Bejkovna and Kamenný. Total length (TL) of the fish was 50,5 ? 2,85 mm in the pond Bejkovna and 41,58 ? 1,56 mm in the pond Kamenný at the end of observed period. Average growth rate was 0,86 mm/day in pond Bejkovna and 0,7 mm/day Kamenný. There was also no cannibalism by the perch (TL = 57,2 ? 1,34 mm) from the pond Bagr. It was possible to observe few individuals of roach (Rutilus rutilus) in the digestive tract. The level of cannibalism was 23 % in the pond Hadač and also in the pond Hejškův. The average TL was 31,59 ? 3,89 mm (average growth rate 0,9 mm/day) in the pond Hadač at the beginning of June and 26,83 ? 2,51 mm (average growth rate 0,77 mm/day) in the pond Hejškův. The average TL was 48,7 ? 10,04 mm in the pond Hadač at the end of June. There was observed cannibalism in the pond Hadač at the beginning of the June and also at the end of this month. TL of prey fish was 66,1 and 61,6 % of cannibals TL. There was observed cannibalism in the pond Hejškův until the mid of September. The average TL was 140,6 ? 35,4 mm here and cannibalism was observed in 23 % of cases. TL of prey fish was 54,9 % cannibals TL. The most important thing of the monoculture rearing of perch and pikeperch is sufficient amount of food. This is especially true in the case of pikeperch. Key words: Cannibalism, pike perch, perch

Fast-starts are high powered events of short duration, used by fish for prey capture and escape from predation. Here, the energetic cost of fast-starts in escape and prey capture for a fast-start specialist, the northern pike, Esox lucius, are determined and physiological and behavioural constraints assessed. This is done by comparing costs with literature values for physiological limits set my muscle mechanics and biochemistry, and comparing costs with other components of the energy budget. The combination of high speed film analysis (200-250Hz) and hydrodynamic models are used to determine the mechanical costs, hydrodynamic efficiencies and power output of fast-starts in prey capture (S-starts) and escape behaviour (C-starts). Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is used to estimate the metabolic cost of fast-starts. A comparison of model predictions with required (acceleration) force estimates shows results are within 22% and similar to previous findings at lower film speeds. The caudal region including the caudal, dorsal and anal fins contribute the most to thrust (>90%) and the dorsal and anal fins contribute 28%. Due to the necessity for deceleration of fin sections during each tail beat, kinematics are not always optimal as predicted by the Weihs model. Mechanical power output, hydrodynamic efficiency and kinematic parameters (maximum velocities and maximum angle of attack of the caudal fin) are determined for fast-starts during prey capture and escape. Hydrodynamic efficiency averages 0.37 (range: 0.34 to 0.39) for C-starts and 0.27 (range: 0.16 to 0.37) for S-starts. The acceleration of added mass contributes the most to power output at 39%. Power output and efficiency for S-starts are more variable than C-starts and hydromechanical efficiency increases with number of tail beats for S-starts. Maximum muscle power output and maximum muscle stress during fast-starts in comparison to literature values for muscle function shows muscle power output during fast-starts is at its physiological limit but muscle stress is not. Metabolic efficiency is higher at 0.094 for C-starts than S-starts at 0.047. However, muscle efficiency estimates are similar averaging 0.252 for both fast-start types. Mean energetic cost of fast-starts is determined to be 26.5 J/kg for C-starts and 18.6 J/kg for S-starts. Based on the observation that pike can repeatedly fast-start up to 170 times before becoming exhausted and on estimates of available energy reserves from literature values for ATP and CrP concentrations in white muscle, the duration of fast-starts is concluded to not be limited by muscle physiology. Average power output is found to be similar for C and S-starts at 406 to 412 W/kg. Only hydrolysis of ATP and CrP can supply energy at this rate. Therefore, based on fish white muscle biochemistry and mechanics, power output during fast-starts appears to be limited by muscle physiology. The cost of fast-starts represents 0.03 to 2% of maintenance costs for pike and therefore only 5 to 30 fast-starts per day would be required to increase the daily energy budget by 10%. In addition, the cost of fast-starts represents 0.52 to 27.4% of surplus energy available from assimilated prey. Therefore, the cost of fast-starts can be significant and reducing fast-start duration is a probable strategy for minimising activity costs and thus increasing the energy available for growth or reproduction. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Eutrophication impacts the quality of many surface waters worldwide. Algal blooms threaten lake water quality and in order to control their growth, understanding of nutrient transport at the field-scale is essential. In order to accomplish this, a combination of field monitoring and computer modeling with the SWAT model was undertaken. / Four sites located in the Pike River watershed of southern Quebec were instrumented to monitor nutrient losses from both clay loam and sandy loam soils under both subsurface and naturally drained conditions. Results illustrate how the presence of subsurface drainage influences phosphorus loss depending on soil texture and structure. Total phosphorus loss from the clay loam subsurface drained site was 4.0 kg ha-1, 55% greater than the naturally drained clay loam site. Total phosphorus loss from the sandy loam subsurface drained site was 1.2 kg ha-1, 14% less than the naturally drained sandy loam site. Total phosphorus losses from the subsurface drainage systems in the clay loam field and the sandy loam field were 2.3 and 0.4 kg ha-1, respectively. Particulate phosphorus was the dominant (78%) form of phosphorus loss from the subsurface drainage system at the clay loam site. This indicates that bypass flow through the soil profile in the clay loam field led to excessive total phosphorus loss. / SWAT, a watershed-scale model was calibrated with over 6 site years of data, in an attempt to simulate hydrology and pollutant transport at the field-scale. After calibration, the monthly Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency varied from 0.09 to 0.74 for total drainage; 0.04 to 0.71 for sediment loading; 0.29 to 0.48 for nitrate loads and 0.28 to 0.64 for total phosphorus loads. Overall, SWAT has shown that it has the ability to simulate long-term sediment and nutrient transport at the field-scale. This makes SWAT a valuable tool for the development and evaluation of various beneficial management practices which control sediment and nutrient loss from agricultural fields.

Northern pike (Esox lucius L) populations have been declining along the east coast of Sweden, including the Gävleborg coast. This negative trend is believed to be caused by factors related to pike recruitment including loss of suitable spawning habitats. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding for the recruitment process of pike by investigating their preferences when selecting spawning habitats. Data from a rod fishing inventory targeting adult pike was used to estimate pike densities in 20 assumed spawning bays along the coast of Gävleborg. By using the number of pike caught per hour as a measure of pike density I examined how the morphological characteristics of bays and fish communities influenced pike densities during the spawning period in the studied bays. The results suggest that the density of pike (# caught per hour) tend to increase in bays with deeper average depths, larger surface area, and higher densities of sticklebacks. These results contradict the hypothesis in the study and somewhat previous research. Possible explanations for these unexpected findings are discussed, and one theory suggest that the rod fishing method used may have influenced the results. Probably improvements can be made to make the density estimates from the fishing inventory more accurately, especially when comparing bays of varying sizes. Suggestions for enhancing density estimation include adjusting the fishing duration based on bay size or using a specific number of throws per casting rod and defined surface area and then move to next surface area.

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Phosphorous concentrations exceed water quality guidelines in most of the major rivers in southern Quebec. The problem is particularly acute in the Pike River, which drains into the Missisquoi Bay of Lake Champlain, in southeastern Quebec. Elevated phosphorus concentrations can lead to a reduction in the palatability of drinking water, a decrease in diversity of aquatic life and loss of recreational opportunities. All of these problems have been observed in the Bay. / Two agricultural fields (the Marchand and Gagnon sites) located on the Pike River watershed, in southeastern Quebec were selected and equipped with instrumentation to measure and evaluate the partitioning of phosphorus between surface runoff and subsurface drainage, on a year round basis. The snowmelt event was the dominant surface and subsurface event for the 2000/2001 hydrological year. On the Marchand site surface flow data was incomplete as a result of a failure of the surface runoff flume. On both sites the IF 200 subsurface flow meters failed, which resulted in missing subsurface flow data during certain runoff events. Therefore, the majority of the comparisons made relate to the Gagnon site. / The 2000/2001 hydrological year was unusually dry, which resulted in a limited number of surface and subsurface runoff events. The annual depth of surface runoff for the Gagnon site was 87.5 mm/ha, of which only 0.2mm occurred outside the snowmelt event. The estimated depth of subsurface runoff of the snowmelt event at the Gagnon site based upon a water balance equation was 93.7 mm/ha, or 51.7% of the total volume that occurred on the Gagnon field during the snowmelt event. / The total phosphorus load in surface runoff for the spring snowmelt at the Gagnon site was 166.4 g/ha, whereas the estimated total phosphorus load in subsurface drainage was 98.2 g/ha, or 37.1% of the total load. Subsurface drains can therefore be a significant pathway for phosphorus losses.

No description available.