Distributional movements of subpopulations may act as a buffer to prevent the loss of a species in a certain area. However, within subpopulations adaptations may evolve that makes the inhabitants of a certain habitat to better cope with prevailing environmental conditions. If such traits are related to reproduction, they may reduce the opportunity of gene exchange between other subpopulations. Also, a lack of adaptations to a specific habitat may be what prevents a group of individuals, arriving from an adjacent habitat, to successfully colonize an area where a previous subpopulation has been lost.This is the report from a field study conducted in the wetland Lake Långsjön, that in 2018 was restored in order to promote the recruitment of anadromous pike (Esox lucius) to the Baltic Sea. Commonly, wetlands that are restored to promote anadromous pike recruitment, are constructed so that they enable spawning migration from the sea towards the wetland and juvenile emigration towards the sea only. In that sense Lake Långsjön is different, from other wetlands restored for the same purpose, due to that it is connected to both the Baltic Sea and an upstream located freshwater lake. By quantifying the migration of pike (spawners and juveniles) in both directions I explore the consequences that the regained connectivity between the Lake Långsjön and the coast may have on the population dynamics within this wetland; (i) whether it is potentially influenced by allowing mixture between pike with different migratory strategies for spawning (anadromous and potamodromous), (ii) what drivers there are of pike fry emigration and how they may influence the pike fry emigration route and (iii) whether or not the pike of potamodromous origin, resident in the upstream located lake, may work as a source, providing the Baltic Sea with pike juveniles. Pike spawners arriving in the wetland were caught in traps between March - April. Pike fry were caught withing the wetland with fyke nets and by netting. Emigrating pike fry were caught in fyke nets. Findings suggest that spawning migration patterns do not differ between anadromous and potamodromous pike. However, the spawners arriving from the Baltic Sea I suggested are to be composed by offspring of potamodromous origin, possibly hatched during the previous season, and that they as juveniles swam downstream. This, in turn, indicates that the potamodromous stock can help establish an anadromous stock in the Baltic Sea. Still, due to the observation of pike fry displaying an emigration behaviour upstream, origin is identified as a factor that may influence the pike fry emigration route. Also, this emigration pattern seems to indicate a heritable trait that has not been described before among pike, that of downstream spawning. The restoration of the wetland and the regained connectivity is key, both for the ability to restock the Baltic Sea with pike juveniles but also to ensure the conservation of a fascinating stock of pike exhibiting a unique spawning strategy

No description available.

No description available.

<p>Aquatic vegetation in the pristine coastal marshes of eastern Georgian Bay (GB) provides critical spawning and foraging habitat for fish species, with complex habitat supporting the greatest diversity. These wetlands are threatened by a changing water level regime and forecasted lower water levels. To monitor and conserve these wetlands, we must understand how they function and respond to this stressor. The overall goals of this thesis are to determine the impact of declining water levels on both wetland fish habitat and the fish community as well as identify the spatial scale of habitat utilization by fishes.</p> <p>We first delineate all coastal wetlands in eastern GB, identifying 3771 wetlands that provide habitat for Great Lakes fishes. Using satellite imagery, we develop an object-based classification method to classify four types of wetland vegetation. Since submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) is not visible from satellite imagery in GB, we develop a model to predict potential area of this important habitat. The model suggests that the response of SAV to declining water levels depends on wetland geomorphology, but generally, the area of SAV decreases. To assess the response of fish habitat coverage and structure to sustained low-water levels, we classify vegetation in images collected in 2002 and 2008. The result is increasingly homogeneous habitat, a net loss of fish habitat and a decrease in fish species richness. Finally, mark-recapture and radio-tracking are used to evaluate fish movement among closely situated wetlands. Results suggest that the current distance used to group and protect small wetlands provincially (750 m), likely protects most resident fish species, but does not cover movement patterns of a top predator. This research will advance our scientific understanding of freshwater coastal ecosystems and aid in the creation of conservation strategies to mitigate future threats from declining water levels.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Se basant sur l'analyse de 11 et 8 traits morphométriques caractérisant le corps et le sac vitellin respectivement chez le brochet et la carpe commune, on a pu montrer un effet significatif du moment d'éclosion, variable selon l'espèce. Chez le brochet, les larves à éclosion précoce sont de plus petite taille à l'éclosion et possèdent un plus fort taux de croissance par comparaison aux larves qui éclosent plus tardivement. Chez la carpe commune, la morphométrie à l'éclosion est plus homogène mais le taux de croissance était meilleur chez les larves à éclosion tardive par comparaison aux larves qui ont éclos plus tôt. Ces effets diffèrent selon la stratégie de reproduction de l'espèce et pourraient être liés aux conditions environnementales et trophiques rencontrées pendant la saison de ponte. A l'éclosion, le corps des larves de brochet qui éclosent en premier (ME1) est plus petit (longueur totale: 8,1 mm ME1 vs 9,5mm ME3 ; p <0,05), les tissus sont moins abondants (poids sec 0,25 mg ind-1 ME1 vs 0,32 mg ind-1 ME3 ; p <0 ,05) moins énergétiques (5,98 J. ind-1 ME1 vs 8,46 J. ind-1 ME3 ; p <0,05) et contiennent moins de protéines (0,17 mg ind-1 ME1 vs 0,22 mg ind-1 ME3; p <0,05) alors que leur sac vitellin est plus important (poids sec 1,44 mg ind-1 ME1 vs 1,33 mg ind-1 ME3 ; p <0 ,05), plus énergétique (38,55 J. ind-1 ME1 vs 36,29 J. ind-1 ME3 ; p <0,05) et contient plus de protéines (0,98 mg ind-1 ME1 vs 0,90 mg ind-1 ME3; p <0,05) par comparaison aux larves qui éclosent à la fin de la période d'éclosion (ME3) / Based on the analysis of 11 and 8 morphometric variables of body and yolk sac for pike and common carp larvae, we have shown the existence of a significant hatching time effect dependent on the species. For pike, early hatched larvae have a smaller body size at hatch, faster growth rate and higher yolk use efficiency than late hatched ones. In carp, the initial morphometry of larvae at hatch is more homogenous but growth rate was higher in early late hatched larvae compared to larvae hatched earlier. At hatch, the body of early hatched pike larvae was smaller (total length: 8.1 mm HT1 vs 9.5mm HT3 ; p <0.05), their tissues were less abundant (dry weight 0.25 mg ind-1 HT1 vs 0.32 mg ind-1 HT3 ; p <0.05) less energetic (5.98 J. ind-1 HT1 vs 8.46 J. ind-1 HT3 ; p <0.05) with less protein content (0.17 mg ind-1 HT1 vs 0.22 mg ind-1 HT3; p <0,05) but yolk was more important (dry weight 1.44 mg ind-1 HT1 vs 1.33 mg ind-1 HT3; p <0.05) more energetic (38.55 J. ind-1 HT1 vs 36.29 J. ind-1 HT3 ; p <0.05) with higher protein content (0.98 mg ind-1 HT1 vs 0.90 mg ind-1 HT3; p <0.05) compared to larvae hatched at the end of the hatching period (ME3)

To assess potential impacts of effluents from Key Lake and McClean Lake uranium operations on freshwater systems, morphometric (weight, length, condition factor) and biochemical (total body lipids and triglycerides, liver triglycerides, muscle protein, muscle RNA/DNA ratio) measures of growth and bioenergetics were determined in young-of-the-year (YOY) fishes collected in fall and spring. It was predicted that fishes exposed to mining and milling effluents would be in poorer condition relative to fishes from reference sites and that fishes would be depleted in lipids and triglycerides in the spring compared to the previous fall following a northern winter. Various total body lipid and triglyceride measurement methods were initially compared and validated. <p>Lakes receiving effluent at Key Lake (in operation > 20 years) were higher in metals, ions and ammonia compared to exposure sites at McClean Lake (in operation < 10 years). At Key Lake, there were site and season differences in total body lipids and triglycerides in YOY northern pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) and burbot (Lota lota), with fishes being fattier at exposure sites compared to fishes at the reference site, and fish being fattier in spring relative to fall. A local prey item, spottail shiners (<i>Notropis hudsonius</i>), from an exposure lake were higher in triglycerides compared to shiners from a reference site, suggesting an indirect effect of uranium operation effluent on pike and burbot bioenergetics via food web enrichment. At McClean Lake, there were site and season increases in lipids and triglycerides in burbot from the exposure site, however there were no site differences in any morphometric or biochemical endpoint for northern pike. Slimy sculpin (<i>Cottus cognatus</i>) were the only species with lower triglyceride content in the spring following winter. <p>Overall, biochemical measures of growth (muscle protein, muscle RNA/DNA ratio) did not vary with effluent exposure at either uranium operation. Lipids and triglycerides were useful biochemical endpoints that frequently detected site and season differences in fish condition that were not noted with morphometric measures. Site and season differences in fish lipids and triglycerides at sites receiving mining and milling effluents revealed an impact of the uranium operations on indigenous YOY fish condition.

To assess potential impacts of effluents from Key Lake and McClean Lake uranium operations on freshwater systems, morphometric (weight, length, condition factor) and biochemical (total body lipids and triglycerides, liver triglycerides, muscle protein, muscle RNA/DNA ratio) measures of growth and bioenergetics were determined in young-of-the-year (YOY) fishes collected in fall and spring. It was predicted that fishes exposed to mining and milling effluents would be in poorer condition relative to fishes from reference sites and that fishes would be depleted in lipids and triglycerides in the spring compared to the previous fall following a northern winter. Various total body lipid and triglyceride measurement methods were initially compared and validated. <p>Lakes receiving effluent at Key Lake (in operation > 20 years) were higher in metals, ions and ammonia compared to exposure sites at McClean Lake (in operation < 10 years). At Key Lake, there were site and season differences in total body lipids and triglycerides in YOY northern pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) and burbot (Lota lota), with fishes being fattier at exposure sites compared to fishes at the reference site, and fish being fattier in spring relative to fall. A local prey item, spottail shiners (<i>Notropis hudsonius</i>), from an exposure lake were higher in triglycerides compared to shiners from a reference site, suggesting an indirect effect of uranium operation effluent on pike and burbot bioenergetics via food web enrichment. At McClean Lake, there were site and season increases in lipids and triglycerides in burbot from the exposure site, however there were no site differences in any morphometric or biochemical endpoint for northern pike. Slimy sculpin (<i>Cottus cognatus</i>) were the only species with lower triglyceride content in the spring following winter. <p>Overall, biochemical measures of growth (muscle protein, muscle RNA/DNA ratio) did not vary with effluent exposure at either uranium operation. Lipids and triglycerides were useful biochemical endpoints that frequently detected site and season differences in fish condition that were not noted with morphometric measures. Site and season differences in fish lipids and triglycerides at sites receiving mining and milling effluents revealed an impact of the uranium operations on indigenous YOY fish condition.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-213).

Orientador: Angel Humberto Corbera Mori / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T14:19:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pickering_WilliamAlfred_D.pdf: 1765707 bytes, checksum: 59850a0837dadd1c9eebab120f0def4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Xavante é uma língua da família Jê, falada por aproximadamente 13.000 indígenas que vivem no estado do Mato Grosso. O presente trabalho descreve a fonologia segmental desta língua, utilizando a abordagem fonêmica encontrada no livro Phonemics (PIKE 1971[1947]). Embora a fonologia do Xavante já tenha sido tratada por outros autores, a análise apresentada aqui contém uma variedade de observações e interpretações novas, apresentando soluções para alguns problemas que não foram resolvidos em estudos anteriores. O primeiro capítulo descreve a metodologia usada na pesquisa. Dados foram coletados através da utilização de publicações anteriores, que serviram como guia no desenvolvimento de questionários delineados para solicitar tipos específicos de dados lingüísticos. A pesquisa baseia-se em grande parte em dados solicitados a um informante, indivíduo alfabetizado em Xavante e em Português, que foram comparados com a fala de outras pessoas da mesma região dialetal. O capítulo 2 contém um breve sumário do contexto histórico e lingüístico do povo Xavante e uma revisão da literatura lingüística relevante, composta principalmente de trabalhos feitos por missionários do Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) e da Missão Salesiana de Mato Grosso, além da dissertação de Quintino (2000). O terceiro capítulo começa com um sumário da abordagem teórico-metodológica encontrada no livro Phonemics (1971[1947]) de Kenneth Pike. Esta abordagem foi escolhida em parte porque as análises anteriores da fonologia Xavante foram feitas a partir desta perspectiva, e os problemas fonológicos na língua podem ser claramente compreendidos quando vistos à luz das virtudes e limitações da abordagem Pikeana. Uma análise abrangente de todos os fonemas segmentais da língua é apresentada em seguida, com base na perspectiva de Pike e em trabalhos anteriores, além de dados e novas análises. Os fonemas /z,?,?/ e os segmentos de coda [p,m,b] e [j,~j] são discutidos em detalhe e interpretados de uma forma diferente dos autores anteriores. A estrutura silábica é também analisada do ponto de vista Pikeano. O capítulo 4 descreve a evolução dos três diferentes sistemas ortográficos atualmente usados entre os Xavantes, mostrando que algumas das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos criadores destas ortografias refletem problemas na análise fonológica da língua. O capítulo 5 apresenta uma análise original dos segmentos de coda em Xavante. Um aspecto problemático da abordagem de Pike, decorrente do pressuposto de que fonemas são entidades indivisíveis, é discutido neste capítulo, bem como as tentativas de Burgess (1971) e Quintino (2000) de utilizar abordagens teóricas alternativas para analisar as codas em Xavante. Em seguida, apresenta-se o argumento de que as duas codas possíveis na língua, manifestadas respectivamente pelo conjunto neutralizado [p,m,b] e os alofones [j,~j], representam dois segmentos fonológicos em contraste fonêmico na posição final da sílaba. O capítulo 6 resume criticamente o conteúdo dos capítulos anteriores e um apêndice trata dos problemas não resolvidos relacionados ao acento, ao alongamento de vogais e às alterações morfofonológicas / Abstract: The present work reanalyzes the phonology of Xavante (Jê family, 13,000 speakers, Mato Grosso State, Brazil). Based on several previous analyses and the author's own fieldwork, the segmental phonology of the language is presented from the viewpoint of Pike's Phonemics. Syllable structure is defined with reference to the distribution of segments at phrase and morpheme boundaries. The phonological problems confronted by the creators of a spelling system for the language are also described. The distributional analysis of the syllable codas in the language is used to illustrate the problems with Pike's interpretation of neutralization. The attempts by Burgess (1971) and Quintino (2000) to use alternative theoretical approaches to analyze Xavante codas are discussed, and an original solution to the problem is presented. It is argued that the two possible codas in the language, manifested respectively by the neutralized group [p,b,m] and the allophones [j,~j], represent two phonological segments in phonemic contrast in syllable-final position. A brief discussion of unresolved problems related to accent, vowel length, and morphophonological alteration is also included / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Food culture emerges as a social culture and can be summarized through its historicaldevelopment process. The exploration of socio-cultural analysis of food with sociologicalapproaches has emerged in research due to the increased awareness of modern societies’motivations to discover other cultures through food. However, in the context of Sweden,limitations exist in analyzing the continuous ongoing process of a food product’s cultural valueand its potential ‘added value to local cultural expression. This research focuses on evaluatingPike-Perch’s culture value through its historical developed process and how utilization of theproduct has established present brand identity. By targeting the local stakeholder community, theperception of Pike-Perch’s recognized cultural value could be captured and utilized as addedvalue for local cultural expression. The stakeholder’s perspectives were collected via interviewsand observations through the geographical boundaries connected to the lakes of Mälaren andHjälmaren. The findings point towards a recent transformation of Pike-Perch market value,giving the fish a new sociological appearance. As a result, a change of traditional utilization hasreinvented/reproduced Pike-Perch with a different positioning within its socio-cultural setting.The stakeholders acknowledge the success in its development process that has establishedpresent identity; however, to the cost of preserving its intangible heritage. In return, thetraditional food culture appeared fragmented. By reintroducing traditional elements from the pastthat satisfy the imaginations and need for visitors to acknowledge its distinctiveness, the brandcould be strengthened and potentially justify its new market position. This research contributedto understanding the value of food culture from a stakeholder perspective and how post-modernsocieties influence its potential for sustainable destination development.