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Previous studies on fishes exposed to effluent from the Key Lake uranium mill in northern Saskatchewan have demonstrated elevated lipids in young-of-the-year pike (Esox lucius), deformities in larval pike and decreased survival of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The objectives of this thesis were to evaluate possible factors that could be contributing to altered bioenergetics of juvenile northern pike inhabiting lakes receiving effluent from the Key Lake operation and to examine the effects of effluent exposure on biomarkers of oxidative stress and histopathology of target organs. Although glycogen and triglycerides stores were significantly greater in pike from exposure lakes compared to the reference, triglycerides stores of juvenile pike prey items showed no overall differences among lakes. Measures of parasitism, however, were negatively correlated with pike bioenergetics thereby reflecting a possible energetic cost of parasitism on reference lake fish. The degree of infection by intestinal parasites and gill monogeneans was greatest in reference pike and intermediate in low exposure pike, whereas high exposure pike harboured no parasites. <p>Arsenic, nickel and selenium are elevated in lakes downstream of the Key Lake mill and have been shown to be associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems causing oxidative stress. The potential for oxidative stress was assessed in pike liver and kidney using several biomarkers. Overall, the concentrations of total, reduced and oxidized glutathione and the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione did not differ significantly among exposure and reference pike. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was greater in high exposure than reference liver whereas, contrary to predictions, lipid peroxidation was greater in reference than exposure pike tissues. <p>Histopathological evaluations revealed greater kidney and gill pathology in reference lake pike, whereas for liver, hepatocyte morphology differed among lakes without any clear signs of pathology. Trace metal analyses of muscle showed that eight elements (arsenic, cobalt, copper, iron, molybdenum, selenium, thallium, uranium) were significantly elevated in exposure pike. These results provide only limited evidence of oxidative stress in exposure pike tissues and no evidence of histopathology despite indications that metals are bioaccumulating in tissue. Overall, the results from this thesis suggest that the health and condition of juvenile northern pike living downstream of the Key Lake uranium mill may not be compromised by effluent exposure.

From a new perspective, this paper will examine the artillery and the pike role in the period 1700-1712 and the battalion´s battle formation in the Caroline combat tactics. Carolinian battle tactics were practiced during the period 1700-1721. The results from my study will be compared to existing research opinion regarding the selected subject areas, if the result confirms the thesis or question the existing research opinion. The source material used consists of eyewitness accounts from the period consisting of diaries, memoir, biography, general muster rolls and historical literature covering the subject. The analysis shows that the Caroline artillery took part in 12 battles during the period of 1700-1712. The analysis also shows that there was a close working between the infantry and artillery in attacks. This result contradicts the existing facility research mixture view that artillery was subordinate other weaponry because it prevented the Caroline attack tempo. In the analysis of the pike role in Caroline combat tactics, reveals nothing that confirms existing research opinion that the pike was an offensive melee weapon. Instead it seems that the pikes role was a support weapon with a defensive focus. The analysis of the battalion`s battle formation shows that the Caroline battalion battle formation did not follow the regulations of the battle formation. According to the existing research the battalion´s battle formation was as required by regulations. But according to the general muster rolls, there are differences between the battalions when it comes to the relationship of forces. So the Caroline battalion battle formation could not have been strictly required by regulations.

Previous studies on fishes exposed to effluent from the Key Lake uranium mill in northern Saskatchewan have demonstrated elevated lipids in young-of-the-year pike (Esox lucius), deformities in larval pike and decreased survival of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The objectives of this thesis were to evaluate possible factors that could be contributing to altered bioenergetics of juvenile northern pike inhabiting lakes receiving effluent from the Key Lake operation and to examine the effects of effluent exposure on biomarkers of oxidative stress and histopathology of target organs. Although glycogen and triglycerides stores were significantly greater in pike from exposure lakes compared to the reference, triglycerides stores of juvenile pike prey items showed no overall differences among lakes. Measures of parasitism, however, were negatively correlated with pike bioenergetics thereby reflecting a possible energetic cost of parasitism on reference lake fish. The degree of infection by intestinal parasites and gill monogeneans was greatest in reference pike and intermediate in low exposure pike, whereas high exposure pike harboured no parasites. <p>Arsenic, nickel and selenium are elevated in lakes downstream of the Key Lake mill and have been shown to be associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems causing oxidative stress. The potential for oxidative stress was assessed in pike liver and kidney using several biomarkers. Overall, the concentrations of total, reduced and oxidized glutathione and the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione did not differ significantly among exposure and reference pike. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was greater in high exposure than reference liver whereas, contrary to predictions, lipid peroxidation was greater in reference than exposure pike tissues. <p>Histopathological evaluations revealed greater kidney and gill pathology in reference lake pike, whereas for liver, hepatocyte morphology differed among lakes without any clear signs of pathology. Trace metal analyses of muscle showed that eight elements (arsenic, cobalt, copper, iron, molybdenum, selenium, thallium, uranium) were significantly elevated in exposure pike. These results provide only limited evidence of oxidative stress in exposure pike tissues and no evidence of histopathology despite indications that metals are bioaccumulating in tissue. Overall, the results from this thesis suggest that the health and condition of juvenile northern pike living downstream of the Key Lake uranium mill may not be compromised by effluent exposure.

The Rideau River Waterway, also known as the Rideau Canal, is a constructed navigation channel that links Ottawa to Kingston, Ontario. Opened in 1832, it was designated a Canadian Heritage Site in 2003 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. South of Smiths Falls, the Rideau Canal consists of a series of 14 interconnected lakes, primarily used for recreational purposes, as well as commercial fishing. The objectives of this study were to examine the spatial and temporal distributions of anthropogenic elements to three headwater lakes of the Rideau Canal system and to examine the relationship between sport fish Hg and historical sediment Hg concentrations. Utilizing paleolimnological techniques, historical records of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, K, Ni, Pb, Rb, and Zns were analyzed from chronologically deposited lake sediments. Overall, Indian Lake, though the smallest of the three studied lakes, consistently had the highest overall As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations. While all peak concentrations were buried, recent surface sediment Hg, Cd, and Zn concentrations still remain above the federal interim sediment quality guideline and the concentration of Pb remains above the federal probable effect level within Indian Lake, leading to continued concern for human and ecosystem health. The general agreement between lake sediment profiles for Cd, Pb and Zn and then Cu and Ni suggest that each group of elements is primarily contributed from the same source. The similarity in trends and timing of peak concentrations between the study lakes and other Ontario lakes suggests large-scale, atmospheric contributions of elements to the freshwater systems in the area. Although only historical northern pike (Esox lucius) THg tissue concentration data was available for analysis, results indicate that concentrations in fish have decreased more than 60% since the late 1970’s, while sediment THg concentrations have decreased 35% within the same time period. Overall, this study has demonstrated that the headwater lakes to the Rideau Canal are presently impacted by elements, at concentrations which are of potential concern for human health. / Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-26 00:02:42.317

Two tile-drained agricultural fields in the Pike River watershed of Southern Quebec were instrumented in October 2000 to monitor phosphorus and nitrate concentrations in surface runoff and tile drainage. Data collected from these sites were used as the primary input to test a GIS-based hydrological and water quality simulation model (ArcView SWAT2000) at the field scale. Surface runoff, subsurface flow, sediment yield, nitrate loads and phosphorus loads were the principal parameters evaluated by the model. The SWAT model was calibrated using data collected in the year 2002 while 2003 data was used for validating the model. Particulate phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorus loads in streamflow were also simulated using SWAT and compared with field measurements. / A sensitivity analysis showed that curve number, available soil water content and soil evaporation factors significantly influenced water yield simulations while model performance for water quality parameters was governed mainly by the accuracy of simulating field operations such as fertilization and tillage. The monthly coefficients of performance after calibration ranged from being very good for some parameters (0.27 to 0.66 for total water yield; 0.38 to 0.67 for total phosphorus; and 0.23 to 0.89 for sediments) to being inconsistent for others (0.44 to 2.28 for subsurface flow; 0.63 to 4.36 for surface runoff; and 0.66 to 1.35 for total nitrate loads). Overall, it was found that SWAT results on a seasonal scale were generally more reliable whereas daily or monthly simulations could be improved by using a longer calibration period or incorporating model changes. Short-term impacts of implementing different best management practices for tillage, crop rotation and fertilization were also evaluated using the validated SWAT model. It was found that conservation tillage of corn coupled with pasture or soybean rotations can reduce total phosphorus loads in the range of 25-50% over conventional tillage with corn.

Douglas Henry Pike was born in China in 1908, the second of five children, whose Australian parents were missionaries with a Protestant interdenominational faith mission, the China Inland Mission. Following graduation from an English style mission boarding school at Chefoo in northern China, Pike came to Melbourne in 1924; and from 1926 spent twelve years jackerooing on various New South Wales country properties. He returned to Melbourne in 1938, trained for the ministry in a Churches of Christ College, graduated in November 1941, married Olive Hagger and was sent to Adelaide. During pastorates at Colonel Light Gardens and Glenelg he studied at the University of Adelaide for his BA. He achieved History Honours, resigned from the ministry, taught briefly in Adelaide and at the University of Western Australia then returned to Adelaide as Reader from 1950 to 1960. Pike obtained his MA, then the D. Litt. for Paradise of Dissent, a history of South Australia. During the 1950s he wrote a series of newspaper articles, ‘Early Adelaide with the lid off’. Douglas Pike (1908-1974) South Australian and Australian Historian. In 1960 he was appointed to the Chair of History at the University of Tasmania and published his second book, Australia: The Quiet Continent. In 1964 he moved to the Australian National University and commenced his pioneering task as founding editor of the Australian Dictionary of Biography. Therefore the most significant period of his working life in history and historiography covers the years from 1948 until his sudden illness in November 1973, and death in May 1974. The Second World War at first slowed but then stimulated the teaching and writing of history in Australia. Pike commenced his university studies during the war; his research and writing followed in the post-war period. His years in academia witnessed the establishment between 1946 and 1958 of four more universities in Australia, including the ANU, where he spent the last ten years of his life. However, apart from book reviews, obituaries in newspapers and journals, biographical paragraphs and the ADB, Pike’s contribution and significance to Australian historiography has been largely neglected. My thesis is based on personal interviews and correspondence with people who knew Douglas Pike, including family members, together with archival material from the Australian National Library and the universities where Pike worked. Printed sources include newspapers, journals, and Pike’s own published writings. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1347424 / Thesis (M.A.) - University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2008

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MARION F. CONLEE III, for the Master of Science degree in ZOOLOGY, presented on AUGUST 8, 2008, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: IMPACTS OF ILLINOIS OUTFITTERS ON WHITE-TAILED DEER AND WILD TURKEY POPULATIONS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Clayton K. Nielsen Midwestern states have little public land available for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) hunting and access to private land is critical for maintaining healthy wildlife populations through recreational hunting. Between 1980 and 2001 trophy deer harvest in the Midwest increased and created a market for deer and turkey outfitters. The Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) noticed outfitting operations increased and created policy to understand outfitter management practices; however these data have not been formally analyzed. I sent 2 mail-in surveys to assess attitudes and business practices of Illinois outfitters and residents from Pike and Adams counties. For Pike County outfitters, I calculated hunter density, success rates, harvest intensity, and outfitter ability to predict hunter and harvest numbers. Outfitters indicated most of their clients were non-resident hunters, 30% of outfitters did not offer firearm deer hunts, and the deer sex ratio was skewed towards females on outfitter property. Many survey respondents who hunted in west-central Illinois lost access to property because of outfitters, which caused some hunters to quit hunting. Hunters on outfitter property did not harvest as many deer as expected at the county level. Increasing trends of deer and turkey outfitters in Illinois suggests that the IDNR should monitor outfitter activities so that management can be altered if necessary.

As two species diverge, much of their genomes begin to differentiate. In many lineages, however, the genomic structure remains remarkably intact, with orthologous gene content maintained across millions of years and significant changes to their biological characteristics. The maintenance of gene content is defined as conserved synteny while the preservation of gene order is defined as conserved linkage; the conservation of both can be incredibly informative when interrogating and comparing two genomes. In non-model organisms, linkage conservation to a well-developed model allows informed, cost-effective and rapid answers to fundamental biological questions without generation of equivalent resources. With the development of new model organisms, we can begin to discuss more fundamental evolutionary concepts, such as the maintenance of chromosomal gene content across larger evolutionary time-scales, or the reorganization that occurs in chromosomes following major genomic events such as whole-genome duplications. In this work, I utilized the rapid development of primary genomic resources in the non-model teleost sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) to demonstrate that conserved linkage to a model genomic reference can identify the gene most likely responsible for genetic sex-control. I then assembled the first genome for a non-duplicated member of the teleost lineage Protacanthopterygii, the northern pike (Esox lucius), and demonstrated the conservation of synteny between three major lineages of teleosts, the Protacanthopterygii, the Acanthopterygii and the Ostariophysi. I further showed that the genome of northern pike retains an ancestral teleost organization and pre-duplicated genome in comparison to the economically important Salmoniformes. Finally, with continued improvements of the genome to the chromosome level, I demonstrated the degree of conserved linkage maintained between Atlantic salmon and northern pike and explained how conserved linkage through both genomes could be used to improve the genome assembly of the other, even with over 125 million years of separation. As genomic technology continues to advance and new genomic resources become available, the continued refinement of genome re-organization post duplication will be revealed, and this pre-duplication outgroup will continue to push our understanding of the effects of genome duplication, as we transition from genome organization to functional modifications of gene duplicates following duplication. / Graduate / 2018-12-01

The Northern Pike have recorded the highest accelerations for marine propulsors. The mean peak acceleration and velocity for a number of trials were found to be 120 ms-2 and 4 ms-1 respectively (Harper and Blake 1990) for live fish. Here, we emulate this fast-start motion and analyze the performance of the Northern Pike, using a mechanical fish. The mechanical fish was made of a PVC head attached to a spring steel frame with aluminum ribs and a plastic tail. A latex rubber sheet was used as the skin of the fish. The set-up used air bearings for frictionless motion with two degrees of freedom. The fish was bent to a C shape using servo motors. The two stages of the fast-start motion of a live fish with preparatory and propulsive strokes were closely replicated with this experimental set-up. The results showed that the acceleration profiles were qualitatively similar to that of the live fish. The objective of this project was to understand the mechanism by which the high acceleration is achieved in live fish. The designed mechanical fish was used to quantify the influence of the timing of each stroke and the shape and stiffness of the tail on the observed peak acceleration.