The issue of underrepresentation of women in male-dominated or so called non-traditional occupations is common in both military organisations and society in general. An example of this is the low number of female pilots in the Swedish Armed Forces. Previous studies have shown that the issue of underrepresentation of women, amongst other things, lies within women’s willingness to apply. Similar studies focusing on recruitment material suggest that military organisations employ different forms of masculinity in their recruiting strategies. However, what previous studies have not explored is the connection between masculine recruitment material and the will to apply. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to study this connection through a discourse analysis of the Swedish Armed Forces’ recruitment material for pilots from a gender perspective. The analysis reveals that the material implicitly conveys a masculine discourse with focus on challenges, missions and progress, almost exclusively within a flying context. This discourse in relation to feminine traits and values may therefore be a reason why many women do not apply to become pilots.

A human brain is capable to achieve great things, to endure heavy stress and to calculate complex problems. What happens when it fails to do so? Is there anything that could be done to prevent this from happening? Is it possible to help a pilot in command manage his or her stress during flight by measuring finger temperature, skin conductance, ECG and heart rate variations? This thesis study processes that can help pilots manage high stress with simple tools such as closing their eyes and taking a few deep breaths. To determine when the calming measures are needed and to evaluate potential effects, all the signal data stated above are used combined with scoring of every participant performance. The statistical methods used involves an ANOVA-test and mean value calculations. The results were also analyzed using CBR to get a better understanding of the results and to not only rely on statistical methods. The thesis is limited to a minor study of 10 student pilots participating in two sessions with a heavy workload departure in a simulator. The test did result in a small difference between the two sessions which pointed at the calming measures giving a slight improvement for the pilots. However, when ANOVA was applied it showed that the difference between the two sessions was not a significant one. This could be due to several reasons; the pilots were not used to the calming measures and because of this felt more stressed when trying to use the calming measures as well. There might have been a difference if calming measures were included into pilot training already from the beginning. Another reason might be because this is only a minor study and the difference was not apparent on so few participants. In future research, however, there might be a breakthrough on how to handle stress in a cockpit environment involving similar sensors.

The notion of airplane stability and control being a balancing act between stability and control has been around as long as aeronautics. The Wright brothers’ first successful flights were born of the debate, and were successful at least in part because they spent considerable time teaching themselves how to control their otherwise unstable airplane. This thesis covers four aspects of handling for large transport aircraft: large size and the accompanying low frequency dynamics, the way in which lifting surfaces and control system elements are modelled in flight dynamics analyses, the cockpit feel characteristics and details of how pilots interact with them, and the dynamic instability associated with Pilot Induced Oscillations. The dynamics associated with large transport aircraft are reviewed from the perspective of pilot-in-the-loop handling qualities, including the effects of relaxing static stability in pursuit of performance. Areas in which current design requirements are incomplete are highlighted. Issues with modelling of dynamic elements which are between the pilot’s fingers and the airplane response are illuminated and recommendations are made. Cockpit feel characteristics are examined in detail, in particular, the nonlinear elements of friction and breakout forces. Three piloted simulation experiments are described and the results reviewed. Each was very different in nature, and all were designed to evaluate linear and nonlinear elements of the cockpit feel characteristics from the pilot’s point of view. These included understanding the pilot’s ability to precisely control the manipulator itself, the pilot’s ability to command the flight path, and neuro-muscular modelling to gain a deeper understanding of the range of characteristics pilots can adapt to and why. Based on the data collected and analyzed, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made. Finally, a novel and unique PIO prediction criterion is developed, which is based on control-theoretic constructs. This criterion identifies unique signatures in the dynamic response of the airplane to predict the onset of instability.

Leadership is important to quality improvement initiatives in healthcare. However, few studies have evaluated leadership interventions to enhance nurses’ use of guideline recommendations in the field of knowledge translation. Purpose: To develop and evaluate an intervention designed to operationalize a leadership strategy composed of relations, change, and task-orientated leadership behaviours, and to examine its influence on nurses’ use of guideline recommendations in home-care nursing. Design: Sequential mixed methods pilot study with post-only cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods Phase I: Intervention Development 1. A participatory approach was used at a community healthcare organization with 23 units across the province of Ontario, Canada. The guideline selected was developed by the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario for the assessment and management of foot ulcers for people with diabetes. 2. Integrative literature review, qualitative interviews, and baseline chart audits were conducted. 3. Four units were randomized to control or experimental groups. 4. Clinical and management leadership teams participated in a 12-week intervention consisting of printed materials, interactive workshop, and teleconferences. Participants received summarized chart audit data, identified priority indicators for change, and created a team leadership action plan to address barriers and influence guideline use. Phase II: Evaluation 5. Chart audits compared differences in nursing process and patient outcomes. Primary outcome: eight-item nursing assessment score. 6. Qualitative interviews evaluated the intervention and leadership behaviours. Results: No significant difference was found in the primary outcome. A significant difference was observed in nurses’ documentation of five priority indicators chosen by the experimental groups (p=.02). Gaps in care included: 53%, 76%, and 94% of patients not assessed for ulcer depth, foot circulation, or neuropathy (respectively); 75% and 93% did not receive wound debridement or hydrogel dressings. Receiving data to identify priority indicators for change and developing a leadership action plan were reported as useful to guideline implementation. The experimental group described using more relations-oriented leadership behaviours conducting audit and feedback, and sending reminders. Conclusion: Findings from this pilot study suggest that leadership is a team process involving relations, change, and task-oriented behaviours enacted by managers and clinical leaders. A leadership model is proposed as a beginning taxonomy to inform future leadership intervention studies.

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is defined as “fear, worry, or concern relating to the possibility that cancer will come back or progress (Lebel et al., 2016, p. 3266). FCR is the most frequently reported concern identified among cancer survivors (Baker, Denniston, Smith, & West, 2005; Lebel, Rosberger, Edgar, & Devins, 2007). Although approximately 50% of cancer survivors experience moderate-to-high levels of FCR (Simard et al., 2013), few psychosocial interventions exist that directly target this construct. The overarching study objectives were: (a) to adapt a manualized, 6-week, cognitive-existential group therapy intervention for FCR to an individual format; (b) to pilot-test the feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction of this individual intervention on n=3 participants; and (c) to further pilot-test the efficacy of the individual intervention on n=25 participants, via a randomized controlled trial (RCT). In study 1, n=3 cancer survivors (1 male, 2 females) completed the one-on-one therapy intervention for the psychological treatment of FCR. Sessions were 60-90 minutes long, and included cognitive restructuring exercises, behavioural experiments, relaxation techniques, existential processing of the here-and-now, and finding meaning in life post-diagnosis. Participants completed questionnaire packages throughout the intervention and an exit interview to determine their overall feedback on the intervention. Quantitative analyses revealed downwards trends in fear of cancer recurrence and cancer-specific distress across participants. Qualitative analyses of the exit interviews revealed that all participants found the intervention useful, and that the sessions had favourable pacing and length. In study 2, the FCR intervention was further pilot-tested via an RCT. Twenty-five female cancer survivors were randomized to an experimental group or a wait-list control group. Sessions included cognitive restructuring techniques, behavioural experiments, confronting existential distress, and relaxation exercises. Nineteen women (n=9 intervention, n=10 control) completed the 6-week therapy intervention, and completed questionnaire packages at pre-, post- and 3-month follow-up. Between-within ANOVAs revealed significant interactions in the primary outcome measure of FCR, and secondary outcome measures of cancer-specific distress and uncertainty in illness for participants in the experimental group. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed reductions in FCR, cancer-specific distress, uncertainty in illness, reassurance-seeking, cognitive avoidance, and intolerance of uncertainty, and revealed improvements in positive reinterpretation and growth, use of emotional support and mental health (improved quality of life) for participants in the experimental group, as compared to the wait-list control group. The variables that changed either maintained or improved at follow-up. Results from this study demonstrate promising results in addressing FCR in cancer survivors via a cognitive-existential intervention. Future research should continue investigating the specific therapeutic ingredients that are most effective for the psychological treatment of FCR.

This thesis on the topic "Insurance of pilots and cabin crew" deals with one of the professional groups of insured which in this case are pilots and cabin crew - the frontline staff on board of a commercial aircraft. It characterizes risks associated with these types of profession and possible ways of their elimination by insurance with a particular focus on health and travel insurance. The last chapter of this work also analyzes an offer of travel insurance suitable for pilots and cabin crew and it refers to exceptions from insurance claims related to the performance of these jobs.

The aim of the study was to explore non-compliance with T.B. treatment amongst T.B. patients at Moreteletsi Hospital. Due to the nature of the data that was needed the phenomenological strategy as a research strategy / design was used. Interviewing was used as a method of data collection and 20 T.B. patients at Moreteletsi Hospital were interviewed. The medical aspects of T.B. were discussed with emphasis on: what T.B. is, how it is diagnosed, T.B. treatment as well as social work intervention with patients. The patients indicated that members of the community are not supporting them. They further mentioned that western medicines have side effects on them and that the health centres are far from them. It was established that it is difficult for many T.B. patients to understand the causes of T.B. as they are explained from the western medical orientation because they associate T.B. with witchcraft. There are several factors that cause patients not to comply with medical treatment with the dominant one being the strong belief in traditional medicine. The community should be educated to emotionally support the patients. A holistic approach in the form of bio-psychosocial model can be of great benefit when used so that all the needs of the patients can be given attention. The research report was concluded by the conclusions and recommendations. / Dissertation (MA (SW) Health Care)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

[EN] The main objective of this thesis is the analysis and comprehension of the association of two different combustion concepts (premixed and diffusive combustion) on the pollutant emissions and engine performance in a mid-size Diesel engine. The evaluation is performed at mid and high load conditions, where the implementation of premixed combustion is generally challenging. The association of the two combustion modes is hard to attain in a conventional Diesel engine, especially the preparation of the premixed charge with early pilot injection. Therefore, the approach followed during the study has been divided in two main steps: first, the bibliography on the subject is reviewed and two strategies avoiding the main issues mentioned in the literature are grossly evaluated in order to estimate their potential for emission reduction. Second, a deeper study of the combustion processes and emissions formation is performed, focusing only on the partially premixed combustion strategies that actually have the potential for emissions reduction. Along the second part of the study, the association of premixed and diffusive combustion is evaluated together with variation of conventional calibration parameters such as the intake oxygen concentration (via exhaust gas recirculation), the boost pressure and the start of the main injection timing, at different engine speed and load conditions. A cross analysis of the results obtained is performed in order to understand the key reasons that permit the reduction of the pollutant emissions with this strategy. In a final part of the thesis, the partially premixed combustion strategies studied are confronted with the challenges they might face when really considered for their introduction in a production engine (oil-dilution, noise...) to finally conclude on their technological potential. / [ES] El objetivo principal de la Tesis es el an álisis y la comprensi ón de la asociaci ón de dos conceptos de combusti ón diferentes (combusti ón en premezcla y por difusi ón) en las emisiones contaminantes y las prestaciones en un motor Diesel de cilindrada media. La evaluaci ón se realiza en condiciones de media y alta carga, en la cuales la implementaci ón de una combusti ón premezclada es generalmente complicada. La asociaci ón de los dos modos de combusti ón es dif cil de conseguir en un motor Diesel convencional, especialmente la preparaci ón de la carga premezclada con inyecci ón piloto adelantada. Por esa raz ón, el estudio se divide en dos partes principales: primero se revisa la bibliograf ía acerca del tema, centrando la atenci ón en dos estrategias que permiten evitar los principales problemas evocados en la literatura, determinando su potencial para la reducci ón de las emisiones contaminantes. En un segundo lugar, se realiza un estudio m as profundo de los procesos de combusti ón y de formaci ón de contaminantes, centr ándose únicamente en las estrategias de combusti ón parcialmente premezclada que sí tienen el potencial para reducir las emisiones contaminantes. En la segunda parte del estudio, se aborda la asociaci ón de combustiones premezclada y por difusi ón junto con la variaci ón de par ametros de calibraci on convencionales como la concentraci ón de ox ígeno en la admisi ón (por medio de recirculaci ón de los gases de escape), la presi ón de sobrealimentaci ón y el inicio de la inyecci ón principal, en diferentes condiciones de r egimen y de carga del motor. El an álisis cruzado de los resultados se realiza con el af án de entender las razones claves de los procesos que permiten la reducci ón de las emisiones contaminantes con esta estrategia. Como etapa final de esta tesis, se confrontan las estrategias de combusti ón parcialmente premezclada estudiadas con los problemas a los cuales podr ían llevar si realmente se considerar a su implementaci ón y un motor de serie (diluci ón de aceite, ruido...) para finalmente concluir sobre su potencial tecnol ógico. / [CAT] L'objectiu principal de la tesi es l'an alisi i la comprensi o de l'associaci o de dos conceptes de combusti o diferents (combusti o en premescla i per difusi o) en les emissions contaminants i les prestacions en un motor Di esel de cilindrada mitjana. L'avaluaci o es realitza en condicions de mitja i alta c arrega, en las quals la implementaci o d'una combusti o premesclada es generalment complicada. L'associaci o dels dos modes de combusti o es dif cil d'aconseguir en un motor Di esel convencional, especialment la preparaci o de la c arrega premesclada amb injecci o pilot avan cada. Per eixa ra o, l'estudi es divideix en dos parts principals: primer es revisa la bibliogra a sobre el tema, centrant l'atenci o en dos estrat egies que permeten evitar els principals problemes evocats en la literatura, determinant el seu potencial per a la reducci o de les emissions contaminants. En un segon lloc, es realitza un estudi m es profund dels processos de combusti o i de formaci o de contaminants, centrant-se unicament en les estrat egies de combusti o parcialment premesclada que si que tenen el potencial per a reduir les emissions contaminants. En la segona part de l'estudi, s'aborda l'associaci o de combustions premesclada i per difusi o junt amb la variaci o de par ametres de calibratge convencionals com la concentraci o d'oxigen en l'admissi o (per mitj a de recirculaci o dels gasos d'escapament), la pressi o de sobrealimentaci o i l'inici de la injecci o principal, en diferents condicions de r egim i de c arrega del motor. L'an alisi creuat dels resultats es realitza amb l'afany d'entendre les raons claus dels processos que permeten la reducci o de les emissions contaminants amb esta estrat egia. Com a etapa final d'esta tesi, es confronten les estrat egies de combusti o parcialment premesclada estudiades amb els problemes als quals podrien portar si realment es consideraria la seua implementaci o en un motor de s erie (diluci o d'oli, soroll...) per a finalment concloure sobre el seu potencial tecnol ogic. / Arthozoul, SJL. (2016). Study of the association of premixed and diffusive combustion processes on the combustion and pollutant emissions in a mid-size Diesel engine [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63262 / TESIS

abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals that are detected ubiquitously in the aquatic environment, biota, and humans. Human exposure and adverse health of PFAS through consuming impacted drinking water is getting regulatory attention. Adsorption using granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange resin (IX) has proved to be efficient in removing PFAS from water. There is a need to study the effectiveness of commercially available sorbents in PFAS removal at the pilot-scale with real PFAS contaminated water, which would aid in efficient full-scale plant design. Additionally, there is also a need to have validated bench-scale testing techniques to aid municipalities and researchers in selecting or comparing adsorbents to remove PFAS. Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests (RSSCTs) are bench-scale testing to assess media performance and operational life to remove trace organics but have not been validated for PFAS. Different design considerations exist for RSSCTs, which rely upon either proportional diffusivity (PD) or constant diffusivity (CD) dimensionless scaling relationships. This thesis aims to validate the use of RSSCTs to simulate PFAS breakthrough in pilot columns. First, a pilot-scale study using two GACs and an IX was conducted for five months at a wellsite in central Arizona. PFAS adsorption capacity was greatest for a commercial IX, and then two GAC sources exhibited similar performance. Second, RSSCTs scaled using PD or CD relationships, simulated the pilot columns, were designed and performed. For IX and the two types of GAC, the CD–RSSCTs simulated the PFAS breakthrough concentration, shape, and order of C8 to C4 compounds observed pilot columns better than the PD-RSSCTs. Finally, PFAS breakthrough and adsorption capacities for PD- and CD-RSSCTs were performed on multiple groundwaters (GWs) from across Arizona to assess the treatability of PFAS chain length and functional head-group moieties. PFAS breakthrough in GAC and IX was dictated by chain length (C4>C6>C8) and functional group (PFCAs>PFSAs) of the compound. Shorter-chain PFAS broke through earlier than the longer chain, and removal trends were related to the hydrophobicity of PFAS. Overall, single-use IX performed superior to any of the evaluated GACs across a range of water chemistries in Arizona GWs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Chemical Engineering 2020

The Plug project is a pilot presentation for a series that explores the life of a local drug dealer as she ventures into the world of designer drugs. Poppy is the local “Plug" on campus, meaning that is a procurer of things that are impossible to get without the right connections. Sold out tickets to the lakers game? Adderall for those long nights? You name it she can get it. However, when her father gets into some serious trouble due to gambling debts, she goes from selling rare goods to selling rare drugs. She soon realizes that the riches of her new career comes with unforeseen consequences.