Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-10T20:43:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Paulo Borges Campos Júnior - 2014.pdf: 3117370 bytes, checksum: 3889e0233adaf50113e6873d1e6b7172 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-11-11T18:58:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Paulo Borges Campos Júnior - 2014.pdf: 3117370 bytes, checksum: 3889e0233adaf50113e6873d1e6b7172 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-11T18:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Paulo Borges Campos Júnior - 2014.pdf: 3117370 bytes, checksum: 3889e0233adaf50113e6873d1e6b7172 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The process of Goiás economy formation was marked by mineral economics, with great emphasis on the gold, in the eighteenth century, and by agriculture, especially livestock, in the nineteenth century. For many years, this economy was limited to a domestic consumer market with great predominance of subsistence, given the then existing difficulty of disposing of their production, in the absence of an adequate transportation system that would meet such demands. This bottleneck of economic nature was partly solved with the arrival, in Goiás territory, the Railroad of Goiás (EFG) in 1913, in the early years of the twentieth century. This new road system was instrumental in the pioneering front, in Martins (1975) view, the reality of a market economy. This research therefore analyzed, the transformation taken place in the state of Goiás, between 1913 and 1940, with the Railroad of Goiás as its catalyst agent. These changes occurred in the environment, the land which now becomes merchandise and a new relationship between man and nature, in the Goiás region given by this railroad tracks in a very particular way in seven townships in the region. The environmental impacts of the EFG in these townships where it passed were treated by the consumption of firewood and wooden cross ties, results of readings taken in the management report of the EFG and testimonials from former employees and suppliers of the railway. At the same time, the transformation of land into merchandise, in the townships of Ipameri and Bonfim, was discussed from land prices, the main indicator used to arrive at changes in these places was obtained through surveys the local offices of the land records. Regarding the relationship of man with nature, this was analyzed, basically, by means of an extensive oral survey, conducted with former employees of the railroad, with former suppliers of firewood and railway wooden cross ties, plus testimonials from former owners of rural region. The presence of the railroad then in Goiás, as a catalyst element, created the essential conditions for the transformations that have taken place there, either onsite biome, specifically the land that extends its prices, being treated as a commodity, and new relations of man with nature, dictated by the presence in the region, in a market economy. / O processo de formação da economia goiana foi marcado pela economia mineral, com grande destaque para o ouro, no século XVIII, e pela agropecuária, notadamente a pecuária, no século XIX. Durante longos anos, esta economia esteve limitada a um mercado consumidor interno, com grande predominância da subsistência, dada às dificuldades então existentes de escoar sua produção, face à ausência de um sistema de transporte adequado que viesse a atender tais demandas. Esse estrangulamento de natureza econômica foi em parte resolvido com a chegada, no território goiano, da Estrada de Ferro de Goiás (EFG), em 1913, nos primeiros anos do século XX. Esse novo sistema viário serviu de instrumento da chamada frente pioneira, na visão de Martins (1975), na realidade de uma economia de mercado. Este trabalho de pesquisa analisou, assim, as transformações ocorridas no estado de Goiás, entre 1913 e 1940, tendo a Estrada de Ferro de Goiás como seu agente catalizador. Esse quadro de mudanças aconteceu no meio ambiente, na terra que agora passa a ser mercadoria e nas novas relações do homem com a natureza, nas regiões goianas servidas pelos trilhos dessa ferrovia, de maneira muito particular em sete municípios da região. Os impactos ambientais da EFG nesses municípios por ela cortados foram tratados a partir do consumo de lenhas e de dormentes por esta, resultados de leituras feitas nos relatório da administração da EFG e de depoimentos de ex-funcionários e de fornecedores da ferrovia. Ao mesmo tempo, a transformação da terra em mercadoria, nos municípios de Ipameri e de Bonfim, foi discutida a partir do comportamento dos preços da terra, sendo o principal indicador usado para se chegar a essas mudanças nas localidades ora tratadas obtidos por meio de pesquisas nos cartórios locais de registros de terra. Quanto à relação do homem com a natureza, esta foi analisada, basicamente, por meio de uma extensa pesquisa oral, realizada com ex-funcionários da Estrada, com antigos fornecedores de lenhas e dormentes para essa ferrovia, além de depoimentos de antigos proprietários rurais das regiões em questão. A presença então da ferrovia em Goiás, como elemento catalizador, criou as condições essenciais para as transformações que aconteceram em seu território, seja no bioma local, mais especificamente na terra que amplia seus preços, sendo tratada como mercadoria, e das novas relações do homem com a natureza, ditadas pela presença, na região, de uma economia de mercado.

L’Amazonie est soumise depuis plusieurs décennies à un changement rapide d’occupation du sol du fait de la déforestation, l’installation de systèmes de production agricole, notamment l’élevage bovin et plus récemment le soja. L’un des défis majeurs est de mieux comprendre la dynamique spatiale de ces processus et ses déterminants. Avec la réduction de la déforestation et l’évolution agraire sur les fronts pionniers, les ressources et contraintes naturelles semblent gagner en importance dans les choix opérés par les agriculteurs. L'objectif de la présente recherche est d'évaluer le rôle des facteurs biophysiques dans la dynamique de l’occupation du sol depuis 2000 et d’anticiper sur des futurs possibles dans un territoire amazonien d’ancien front pionnier, aujourd’hui consolidé, la municipalité de Paragominas. Nous avons mis en œuvre un modèle spatialement explicite, afin d’identifier la distribution spatiale des processus de changement en relation avec différents facteurs. Des entretiens réalisés avec des producteurs explicitent les logiques sous-jacentes. Les résultats montrent qu'il y a différentes logiques d'usage des ressources biophysiques, qui varient selon les types de production, la taille des exploitations, la distance aux routes et villages, et la distribution spatiale des ressources biophysiques dans l'exploitation. Elles évoluent au fil du temps, en fonction des productions et des avancées technologiques, et sont organisées dans l'espace. La mise en évidence de ces relations spatiales constitue une avancée significative pour représenter l'évolution de l’ usage des sols et constituer un appui dans la définition de politiques de développement territorial. / The Amazon has been subject to a rapid change in land use due to deforestation for several decades and more recently to the expansion of annual crops like soybeans. One of the major challenges is to understand better the spatial dynamics of these processes and its determinants. With the reduction of deforestation and the consolidation of pioneer fronts, natural resources and constraints seem to be gaining in importance in farmers' choices. The objective of this research was to assess the role of biophysical factors in land use dynamics since 2000 and to anticipate possible futures in a consolidated Amazonian pioneer frontier, the municipality of Paragominas. We implemented a spatially explicit model to identify the spatial distribution of change processes in relation to different factors. Interviews with farmers explain the underlying strategy. The results show different strategies for the use of biophysical resources according to the types of production, the size of the farms, the distance to roads and villages and the spatial distribution of biophysical resources in the farm. The strategies evolve over time, in relation to production and technological advances, and are organized in space. A better understanding of the importance of biophysical resources on the evolution of pioneer fronts through this type of method could provide support for land-use policies.