Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_ev_dr_guara.pdf: 5519359 bytes, checksum: 5dec7fb61c7bd9212f41a70d768c2d75 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As necessidades das empresas de explorar petróleo e gás no Brasil em águas profundas e ultras profundas, incluindo os reservatórios do pré-sal, têm exigido um desenvolvimento de melhores produtos e recursos tecnológicos para os dutos. As características dos tubos de aço, o insumo mais importante destes dutos, são as mais afetadas pelas mudanças exigidas, pelas técnicas de fabricação e pelos controles realizados durante o processo de manufatura destes tubos. As exigências das especificações das chapas de aço utilizadas estão maiores, o processo de formação e soldagem, é afetado pela busca de melhores procedimentos. Os processos de controle da qualidade das soldas dos tubos têm buscado aumentar a sua sensibilidade, visando à detecção de descontinuidades menores das que hoje são detectadas pelos métodos tradicionais. Em termos de ensaios não destrutivos, as exigências impostas para o ensaio radiográfico estão no limite do desempenho dos atuais filmes industriais disponíveis, além do compromisso sensibilidade versus tempo de exposição ser sempre um fator importante a ser considerado na produtividade exigida para atendimento dos ciclos de produção e acompanhar a velocidade das montagens dos tubos em campo. O objetivo desta tese foi estudar e determinar a qualidade da técnica da radiografia digital em relação à radiografia convencional para inspeção de juntas soldadas de tubos utilizando os parâmetros de avaliação, tais como, resolução espacial, relação sinal ruído, sensibilidade ao contraste, níveis de tons de cinza, etc. que são aplicáveis à imagens digitais. Para a avaliação da técnica da radiografia digital foram preparados 20 corpos-de-prova de juntas soldadas, com defeitos reais em 06 espessuras diferentes, distribuídos na faixa de 4,9 a 32,3 mm. Estes corpos-de-prova foram radiografados com a técnica convencional... / The needs of the petroleum and gas industries in deepwater and ultra-deepwater oil and gas fields offshore of Brazil, including pre-salt reservoirs, are required to develop better products and technological resources for the pipelines. The characteristics of steel pipes, the most important duct of these pipelines are the most affected by the requirement changes, by manufacturing techniques and by the controls carried out during the manufacturing process of these pipes. The requirements of steel plates specifications used, forming and welding process are more restrictive and affected by seeking better procedures. The quality control processes of welds of the pipes have sought to increase its sensitivity to detect minor discontinuities in comparison with the traditional methods. In terms of non-destructive tests, the requirements for the radiographic testing are within the limit of performance of current traditional industrial films available; in addition to undertaking sensitivity versus time of exposure is always an important factor to be considered in productivity required for production cycles and following the installation speed of the tubes in the field. The goal of this thesis was to study and determine the technical quality of digital radiography in relation to conventional radiography for inspection seam weld of pipes using the evaluation parameters each as basic spatial resolution, signal noise ratio, contrast sensitivity, gray level, etc. applicable to digital image. To evaluate the digital radiography technique were prepared 20 welded seam samples with defects in 06 wall thickness, distributes in the range of 4,9 to 32,3 mm. These samples were tested with conventional and digital radiographic techniques. Two models of industrials films were used for the conventional technique, the must sensible, and in the digital technique used a DDA with 127 μm pixel size... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Com o aumento da densidade de transistores devido aos avanços na tecnologia de fabricação de IC, que usam cada vez dimensões menores e a possibilidade de projetar chips cada vez mais complexos, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) podem de fato integrar sistemas complexos em um chip, chamado de System-on-chip. O ASIC possibilita a implementação de processos (módulos) paralelos em hardware, que possibilitam atingir as velocidades de processamento digital necessárias para as aplicações que envolvem altas taxas de dados. A implementação em hardware do algoritmo Viterbi é o principal foco dessa dissertação. Este texto mostra uma breve explicação do algoritmo e mostra os resultados desta na implementação do algoritmo em software e hardware. Uma arquitetura com pipeline é proposta e uma implementação em HDL (Hardware Description Language) é mostrada. / With the increasing density of gates due to advances in the IC manufacturing technology that uses increasingly smaller feature sizes, and the possibility to design more complex systems, ASIC's (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) can in fact integrate complete systems in a single chip, namely Sysntem-on-chip. The ASIC allows the implementation of parallel processes in hardware that makes possible to reach the necessary speed for the applications that need high data rates. The hardware implementation of the Viterbi encoder algorithm is the main focus of this dissertation. The text gives a brief tutorial of the algorithm and shows the results of its implementation in software and in hardware. A pipelined architecture is proposed and implemented in HDL.

abstract: Cohesive zone model is one of the most widely used model for fracture analysis, but still remains open ended field for research. The earlier works using the cohesive zone model and Extended finite element analysis (XFEM) have been briefly introduced followed by an elaborate elucidation of the same concepts. Cohesive zone model in conjugation with XFEM is used for analysis in static condition in order to check its applicability in failure analysis. A real time setup of pipeline failure due to impingement is analyzed along with a detailed parametric study to understand the influence of the prominent design variable. After verifying its good applicability, a creep model is built for analysis where the cohesive zone model with XFEM is used for a time dependent creep loading. The challenge in this simulation was to achieve coupled behavior of cracks initiation and propagation along with creep loading. By using Design of Experiment, the results from numerical simulation were used to build an equation for life prediction for creep loading condition. The work was further extended to account for fatigue damage accumulation for high cycle fatigue loading in cohesive elements. A model was conceived to account for damage due to fatigue loading along within cohesive zone model for cohesive elements in ABAQUS simulation software. The model was verified by comparing numerical modelling of Double cantilever beam under high cycle fatigue loading and experiment results from literature. The model was also applied to a major industrial problem of blistering in Cured-In-Plane liner pipelines and a demonstration of its failure is shown. In conclusion, various models built on cohesive zone to address static and time dependent loading with real time scenarios and future scope of work in this field is discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2016

Orientador: Marcelo dos Santos Pereira / Banca: Edson Cocchieri Botelho / Banca: Tomaz Manabu Hashimoto / Banca: Ricardo Tadeu Lopes / Banca: Evandro Luis Nohara / Resumo: As necessidades das empresas de explorar petróleo e gás no Brasil em águas profundas e ultras profundas, incluindo os reservatórios do pré-sal, têm exigido um desenvolvimento de melhores produtos e recursos tecnológicos para os dutos. As características dos tubos de aço, o insumo mais importante destes dutos, são as mais afetadas pelas mudanças exigidas, pelas técnicas de fabricação e pelos controles realizados durante o processo de manufatura destes tubos. As exigências das especificações das chapas de aço utilizadas estão maiores, o processo de formação e soldagem, é afetado pela busca de melhores procedimentos. Os processos de controle da qualidade das soldas dos tubos têm buscado aumentar a sua sensibilidade, visando à detecção de descontinuidades menores das que hoje são detectadas pelos métodos tradicionais. Em termos de ensaios não destrutivos, as exigências impostas para o ensaio radiográfico estão no limite do desempenho dos atuais filmes industriais disponíveis, além do compromisso sensibilidade versus tempo de exposição ser sempre um fator importante a ser considerado na produtividade exigida para atendimento dos ciclos de produção e acompanhar a velocidade das montagens dos tubos em campo. O objetivo desta tese foi estudar e determinar a qualidade da técnica da radiografia digital em relação à radiografia convencional para inspeção de juntas soldadas de tubos utilizando os parâmetros de avaliação, tais como, resolução espacial, relação sinal ruído, sensibilidade ao contraste, níveis de tons de cinza, etc. que são aplicáveis à imagens digitais. Para a avaliação da técnica da radiografia digital foram preparados 20 corpos-de-prova de juntas soldadas, com defeitos reais em 06 espessuras diferentes, distribuídos na faixa de 4,9 a 32,3 mm. Estes corpos-de-prova foram radiografados com a técnica convencional... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The needs of the petroleum and gas industries in deepwater and ultra-deepwater oil and gas fields offshore of Brazil, including pre-salt reservoirs, are required to develop better products and technological resources for the pipelines. The characteristics of steel pipes, the most important duct of these pipelines are the most affected by the requirement changes, by manufacturing techniques and by the controls carried out during the manufacturing process of these pipes. The requirements of steel plates specifications used, forming and welding process are more restrictive and affected by seeking better procedures. The quality control processes of welds of the pipes have sought to increase its sensitivity to detect minor discontinuities in comparison with the traditional methods. In terms of non-destructive tests, the requirements for the radiographic testing are within the limit of performance of current traditional industrial films available; in addition to undertaking sensitivity versus time of exposure is always an important factor to be considered in productivity required for production cycles and following the installation speed of the tubes in the field. The goal of this thesis was to study and determine the technical quality of digital radiography in relation to conventional radiography for inspection seam weld of pipes using the evaluation parameters each as basic spatial resolution, signal noise ratio, contrast sensitivity, gray level, etc. applicable to digital image. To evaluate the digital radiography technique were prepared 20 welded seam samples with defects in 06 wall thickness, distributes in the range of 4,9 to 32,3 mm. These samples were tested with conventional and digital radiographic techniques. Two models of industrials films were used for the conventional technique, the must sensible, and in the digital technique used a DDA with 127 μm pixel size... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Com o aumento da densidade de transistores devido aos avanços na tecnologia de fabricação de IC, que usam cada vez dimensões menores e a possibilidade de projetar chips cada vez mais complexos, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) podem de fato integrar sistemas complexos em um chip, chamado de System-on-chip. O ASIC possibilita a implementação de processos (módulos) paralelos em hardware, que possibilitam atingir as velocidades de processamento digital necessárias para as aplicações que envolvem altas taxas de dados. A implementação em hardware do algoritmo Viterbi é o principal foco dessa dissertação. Este texto mostra uma breve explicação do algoritmo e mostra os resultados desta na implementação do algoritmo em software e hardware. Uma arquitetura com pipeline é proposta e uma implementação em HDL (Hardware Description Language) é mostrada. / With the increasing density of gates due to advances in the IC manufacturing technology that uses increasingly smaller feature sizes, and the possibility to design more complex systems, ASIC's (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) can in fact integrate complete systems in a single chip, namely Sysntem-on-chip. The ASIC allows the implementation of parallel processes in hardware that makes possible to reach the necessary speed for the applications that need high data rates. The hardware implementation of the Viterbi encoder algorithm is the main focus of this dissertation. The text gives a brief tutorial of the algorithm and shows the results of its implementation in software and in hardware. A pipelined architecture is proposed and implemented in HDL.

Problems. This thesis will look at texture-baking for games and the various problems that surrounds it. The problems discussed include topics such as tangent basis synchronization and improving bakes by using methods such as cages, smoothing groups splits, etc. Motivation. The reason for looking at this is that it is an important topic in content creation for modern games. Yet people are still struggling with how to get normalmaps that are interpreted correctly in their game engine of choice and how to get clean bakes. Solution. The results is a few different methods for improving baked textures (such as proxy meshes and cages, etc.) and establishing a pipeline with tangent synchronization via Handplane. The practical results are in the end presented by some comparison images with comparisons for model that do and don’t use the techniques discussed herein. The pipeline created in the thesis has the potential to improve the generation of baked textures in a way so that they will render better in real-time applications. Methodology. The results were established by basing it upon baking experiences regarding baking and texturing models for real-time applications. The experiments were set up so that the I would revisit older, somewhat complex models and try to improve their baking. There were also a comparison of applications that were compared by trying to generate noise-less ambient occlusion textures. / En uppsats som handlar om hur man som grafiker till spel och/eller film kan förbättra bakade texturer som exempelvis normal och ambient occlusion texturer.

Abstrakt Produkten som jag har utvecklat är en mjukvarubaserad 3D-renderare. För att göra en sådan produkt är man tvungen att gå djupt in i området 3D och utföra alla beräkningar på egen hand. Dessa tar annars grafikkortet hand om. Denna rapport förklarar varför jag har valt att göra en egen mjukvarubaserad 3D- renderare och vad den är för något och i vilka områden den används. Här förklaras även min syn på programmering, digitala spel, vad programmering innebär för mig och hur min syn på spel har påverkat mig med tiden. Jag tar även upp mina tankar om spelindustrin och samhällets misstolkade värderingar av spel samt vad för sorts spel jag anser skulle gynna mänskligheten i framtiden. Vad jag tycker om utbildningen Digitala spel nämns också samt hur jag tror att den skulle kunna förbättras. Slutligen följer en kortfattad beskrivning av hur mitt projekt har genomförts. Abstract The product I have been developing is a software based 3D renderer. To do such a thing you need to go deeply into the 3D subject and do all calculations which normally would be handed over as tasks to the graphic card. This document explains why I have chosen to do my own software based 3D renderer and what it really is. The document also explains what a 3D renderer does and in which places it is being used. Here you will also find my own explanation about programming and digital games, the meaning of programming for me and how my vision towards games has affected me in time. My ideas of the gaming industry, the misunderstandings of games in society and what sort of games that I think would aid humanity in the future. What I think about the education Digital Games will also be brought up as well as how I think Digital Games could be improved. Finally, a short description how the process of my project has been carried out will be told. / Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion. Tele: tel 0709-210255 Mail: mattiaspgames@gmail.com

Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina (Schott) L. Benson, the Pima pineapple cactus, herein referred to as C. scheeri, was declared an endangered species in 1993 and only occurs in a limited range in Arizona, USA and northern Sonora, Mexico between 2,300'-4,500' asl. Development within the range of C. scheeri threatens individuals, but transplanting to conserve them while allowing for development has been considered to be ineffective for conservation due to low post-transplant survival rates in past studies. The construction of a natural gas pipeline provided the opportunity to conduct a transplant experiment on 82 individual C. scheeri transplanted in July and August 2014. The plants were randomized into one of four transplant methods: bare-root with supplemental water, bare-root without supplemental water, soil-and-plant moved with supplemental water, and soil-and-plant moved without supplemental water. Higher than average precipitation occurred during the 2014 monsoon season including after transplanting. A subset of the transplanted C. scheeri (n=17) were transplanted back onto the pipeline after pipeline construction was completed. Survival rates were monitored through December 2016 and compared to undisturbed C. scheeri near the pipeline ROW and those on other sites. For the plants transplanted once, no significant effect of moving the plants with soil compared to no soil (X2 = 2.9, p = 0.09), no significant effect of adding water at the time of transplant compared to not adding water (X2 = 1.2, p = 0.26), and no significant interaction among treatments (X2 = 0.06, p = 0.81) was observed. For plants transplanted twice, a significant effect of moving the plants with the soil compared to no soil (X2 = 5.0, p = 0.02) was found, while due to the random selection of plants to be transplanted twice there was too little data to adequately test other comparisons. There was no significant difference in mortality between the transplanted once (27% mortality) and the transplanted twice (31% mortality) treatments (p = 0.78), but there was a significant difference between transplanted and non-transplanted plants (2% mortality in non-transplanted plants; p < 0.05). Soil series did not appear correlated with mortality. Plants in good condition (scored 4 or 5 on scale of 0-5) at the time of transplanting had low mortality rates (16%) while plants scored 3 or lower had high mortality rates (60%) but deaths did not occur immediately after transplanting: 5 died after 8 or 9 months, 4 after 13-16 months, and 9 after 23 or 24 months. The majority of the deaths occurred after numerous months of declining in condition but six plants died suddenly. Good condition plants were more likely to flower than those in poor condition. Transplanting appears to conserve some of the C. scheeri population which would have otherwise been lost to development.

Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are an abundant and functionally diverse class of eukaryotic transcripts. Reported lincRNA repertoires in mammals vary, but are commonly in the thousands to tens of thousands of transcripts, covering similar to 90% of the genome. In addition to elucidating function, there is particular interest in understanding the origin and evolution of lincRNAs. Aside from mammals, lincRNA populations have been sparsely sampled, precluding evolutionary analyses focused on their emergence and persistence. Here we present Evolinc, a two-module pipeline designed to facilitate lincRNA discovery and characterize aspects of lincRNA evolution. The first module (Evolinc-I) is a lincRNA identification workflow that also facilitates downstream differential expression analysis and genome browser visualization of identified lincRNAs. The second module (Evolinc-II) is a genomic and transcriptomic comparative analysis workflow that determines the phylogenetic depth to which a lincRNA locus is conserved within a user-defined group of related species. Here we validate lincRNA catalogs generated with Evolinc-I against previously annotated Arabidopsis and human lincRNA data. Evolinc-I recapitulated earlier findings and uncovered an additional 70 Arabidopsis and 43 human lincRNAs. We demonstrate the usefulness of Evolinc-II by examining the evolutionary histories of a public dataset of 5,361 Arabidopsis lincRNAs. We used Evolinc-II to winnow this dataset to 40 lincRNAs conserved across species in Brassicaceae. Finally, we show how Evolinc-II can be used to recover the evolutionary history of a known lincRNA, the human telomerase RNA (TERC). These latter analyses revealed unexpected duplication events as well as the loss and subsequent acquisition of a novel TERC locus in the lineage leading to mice and rats. The Evolinc pipeline is currently integrated in CyVerse's Discovery Environment and is free for use by researchers.

abstract: Underground infrastructure is a critical part of the essential utility services provided to society and the backbone of modern civilization. However, now more than ever before, the disastrous events of a striking underground utilities cost billions of dollars each year in societal damages. Advanced technology and sophisticated visualization techniques such as augmented reality (AR) now play a significant role in mitigating such devastating consequences. Therefore, it is vitally important to coordinate resources, share information, and ensure efficient communication between construction personnel and utility owners. Besides, geographic information systems (GIS) provide a solution for interoperability in the construction industry. Applying such technologies in the field of underground construction requires accurate and up-to-date information. However, there is currently limited research that has integrated AR and GIS and evaluated the effectiveness and usability of the combination in this domain. The main objective of this research was to develop an integrated AR-GIS for mapping and capturing underground utilities using a mobile device. To achieve these objectives, a design research approach utilized to develop and evaluate a mobile extended-reality (XR-GIS) application. This research has produced an efficient solution for data collection and sharing among stakeholders in the underground construction industry. The main challenge in creating a reliable and adaptive outdoor AR system is the accurate registration of virtual objects in the real world. Due to the limited accuracy of smartphones, this study used an external Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to reduce positional error. The primary motivation behind this research is to make the construction industry more aware of the benefits of leveraging AR to prevent utility strikes and enhance public safety. This dissertation fills the gap in the knowledge regarding applying Augmented Reality (AR) in the underground infrastructure mapping. This study’s three research objectives are: (1) Identify the challenges and barriers facing the underground construction industry when applying AR. (2) Develop an integrated AR-GIS for mapping and capturing underground utilities using a mobile device. (3) Evaluate the horizontal accuracy of the captured data used by the AR phone application XR-GIS that has been developed by the author. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020