Three different habitats: secondary forest, acacia plantation, and mixed forests on limestone, were chosen to determine and compare the ant species diversity in these habitats. A total of 24 identified species and 11 morphology species belonging to 20 genera in seven subfamilies were collected using pitfall traps from June 2014 to May 2015. The Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity index indicated that the diversity was the highest in the acacia plantation (2.08), followed by the secondary forest (1.99) and lowest in the mixed forests on limestone (1.83). There are three dominant species in the habitat (I), Pheidole noda, Odontomachus cf. monticola, and Odontoponera denticulate; four dominant species in the habitat (II), Odontoponera denticulata, Carebara diversa, Technomyrmex brunneus and Anoplolepis gracilipes; and only one dominant species in the habitat (III), Anoplolepis gracilipes. The species similarity (S) relatively low may be because of the difference vegetation and condition in the three habitats. / Đa dạng loài kiến trong ba môi trường sống khác nhau: rừng rậm thường xanh nhiệt đới, rừng keo và rừng hỗn giao trên núi đá vôi, được nghiên cứu để xác định và so sánh sự đa dạng các loài kiến trong những môi trường sống. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: sử dụng bẫy hố từ tháng 6 năm 2014 đến tháng 5 năm 2015. Đã ghi nhận được 35 loài, thuộc 20 giống, 7 phân họ. Chỉ số đa dạng loài Shannon-Wiener cho thấy rừng keo có chỉ số đa dạng cao nhất (2,08), tiếp theo là rừng rậm thường xanh nhiệt đới (1,99) và cuối cùng là rừng hỗn giao trên núi đá vôi (1,83). Có 3 loài ưu thế ở sinh cảnh (I) là Pheidole noda, Odontomachus cf. monticola và Odontoponera denticulata, bốn loài ưu thế ở sinh cảnh (II) là Carebara diversa, Technomyrmex brunneus, Odontoponera denticulate và Anoplolepis gracilipes. Ở sinh cảnh (III) chỉ có duy nhất một loài chiếm ưu thế là loài Anoplolepis gracilipes. Chỉ số tương đồng (S) tương đối thấp có thể là do sự khác nhau ở các thảm thực vật và điều kiện sống trong ba sinh cảnh.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-07-28T13:42:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Luciano Martins.pdf: 2085328 bytes, checksum: e82ea56c9ce66ac46b97ad748fb1de5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T13:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Luciano Martins.pdf: 2085328 bytes, checksum: e82ea56c9ce66ac46b97ad748fb1de5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study aims to compare three sampling techniques to estimate species richness of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in ?campos of altitude? at Itatiaia National Park, in Rio de Janeiro state. Compared richness estimates for genera and species, and curves of accumulation of species for sardine baits, pitfall traps and manual collecting are presented for two distinct sites ("steppe vegetation" [VE] and "rupicola vegetation" [VR]) in Itatiaia Plateau. The three techniques collected 31 species of 10 genera belonging to four subfamilies. In VE were registered 50% of genera and 36.4% of species collected exclusively by baits, and 20% and 50% by pitfall traps, respectively. In VR were registered 37.5% of genera and 47.61% of species exclusive for baits, but no one genus and species was restricted for manual collecting. In the case of ?campos de altitude? and when only one technique can be used, the sardine bait was the most efficient sample technique to registered richness at VE. For VR, the manual collecting was the most appropriate technique to record species richness. However, the pitfalls (in VE) and bait (in VR) recorded an important portion of species richness. In our data, the manual collecting were associated with standardized data collecting protocols, and, although much criticized, have shown effectiveness in recording species in habitats where widespread techniques cannot be used. In spite of different physiognomies show differentiated efficiency for samples techniques, it is relevant to using more than one technique associated to a colleting protocol well structured to potentiated the record of the new species in environments as the ?campos de altitude?. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo comparar tr?s t?cnicas de coleta para estimar a riqueza de esp?cies de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) no Planalto do Itatiaia , Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. S?o apresentados dados comparativos das estimativas da riqueza de g?neros, de esp?cies e as curvas de acumula??o de esp?cies amostradas com iscas de sardinha, armadilhas de queda e coletas manuais, em duas fisionomias distintas (?vegeta??o est?pica? [VE] e ?vegeta??o rup?cola? [VR]), no Planalto do Itatiaia. Com a utiliza??o das tr?s t?cnicas foram coletadas 30 esp?cies de 11 g?neros, pertencentes a quatro subfam?lias. Para a VE foram registrados 50% dos g?neros e 36,4% das esp?cies coletadas exclusivamente pelas iscas, e 20% e 50% pela armadilha de queda, respectivamente. Para a VR foram registrados 37,5% e 47,61% dos g?neros e esp?cies exclusivas para iscas, por?m nenhum g?nero e esp?cie foram restritos a coleta manual. Em se tratando de ecossistema de campos de altitude e quando apenas uma das t?cnicas possa ser utilizada, a isca de sardinha foi a mais eficiente para amostrar a riqueza em VE. Para VR, a coleta manual se apresentou como a t?cnica mais apropriada para registrar sua riqueza. No entanto, as armadilhas de queda (na VE) e as iscas (na VR) registraram uma parcela n?o t?o desprez?vel da riqueza. Em nossos dados, as coletas manuais foram associadas a protocolos de coleta padronizados, e, apesar de serem bastante criticadas, mostraram efici?ncia no registro de esp?cies em habitats em que outras t?cnicas mais difundidas n?o podem ser utilizadas. Apesar de fisionomias distintas apresentarem efici?ncia de t?cnica de coleta diferenciada, ? relevante a utiliza??o das tr?s t?cnicas para se potencializar ainda mais o registro das esp?cies em ambientes de campos de altitude.

Epigeic beetle communities were studied on three agroecosystems with different crops grown. All three agroecosystems were located in the vicinity of Ceske Budejovice (Lišov). The first eco-agroecosystem was alfalfa field. On the second one was meadow. The third eco-agroecosystem was permanent grassland. The agroekosystems differd not only in crops but also in agrotechnical operations during the capture. For all agroecosystems was for capture of the organisms used method of pitfall traps. Subsequently, those organisms have been studied. Then was studied the measure of human impact on the biodiversity of species of different ecological groups found in these locations.

The survey of the diversity of coprophagous beetles (Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, and Hydrophilidae families) and their soil activity took place at two sites in a cattle pasture in southern Bohemia (site A: 49°29'31.720"N, 14°23'44.310"E; site B: 49°29'23.257"N, 14°23'35.964"E; 575 m a. s. l.). Baited pitfall traps with fresh cow dung (1.5 l per trap) were used to capture the beetles. During the survey of the diversity of coprophagous beetle community, a total of 29 species of beetles numbering 1,189 specimens were captured from May to September 2013. Of these, the most numerous were the beetles of the genus Aphodius, who made up 79 % of the total number of captured specimens. In terms of biomass, Geotrupes spiniger (Marsham, 1802) was significant, in that it made up 24 % of the total biomass of all of the captured beetles. This species contributes most to the decomposition of dung in the pasture. The family with the least number of specimens was Hydrophilidae. Beetles from this family made up 19 % of total number. Measurement of soil activity took place repeatedly over the course of 3 weeks, always after one-week measurement of diversity. The most numerous species (A. fimetarius, A. rufus and A. fossor) showed a linear dependence of the abundances in soil-activity traps on the abundances in diversity traps from the precedent capture period. A. sticticus was one of the most numerous species during surveys of diversity (10 %). This species, belonging to the dwellers group, was not recorded in soil-activity traps, however. Large tunnellers were represented mainly by G. spiniger in traps, for which the linear dependence was not possible to confirm.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:59:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 neves_cl_me_rcla.pdf: 579299 bytes, checksum: 4e0eb889aafa2deb8e85b3bfdbcfb15a (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As armadilhas convencionais são amplamente utilizadas em estudos com pequenos mamíferos não-voadores, mas geralmente acarretam um viés de amostragem. Além disso, efeitos da qualidade do microhabitat e da sazonalidade podem influenciar a estimativa da diversidade. 2. Nós comparamos dois métodos de amostragem de pequenos mamíferos: armadilhas de captura viva e de queda, sendo a riqueza de espécies e número de indivíduos variáveis resposta. Os levantamentos de campo foram realizados em uma área contínua de Mata Atlântica. Os efeitos das variáveis de microhabitat e da sazonalidade sobre capturabilidade também foram investigados. 3. As armadilhas de queda capturaram maior número de espécies e indivíduos durante a estação chuvosa, quando comparadas com armadilhas de captura viva. Portanto, as armadilhas de queda foram o melhor método para estimar a riqueza e abundância de pequenos mamíferos, principalmente de espécies semi-fossoriais. 4. Nossos resultados mostraram a importância de considerar o esforço amostral despendido em armadilhas de captura vida e de queda ao se comparar a eficiência de captura entre elas. O uso da abundância relativa resolveu problemas de sub e de superestimativa da capturabilidade em cada tipo de armadilha. 5. Embora o microhabitat seja considerado um importante fator que pode influenciar o número de indivíduos em determinada área de estudo, não encontramos influência do mesmo na capturabilidade de armadilhas de captura viva e de queda na comunidade de pequenos mamíferos. No entanto, verificamos que as estações de captura que apresentaram maior área basal de samambaias e de árvores mortas capturaram mais indivíduos de Brucepattersonius soricinus, Oligoryzomys nigripes e Akodon montensis. 6. Concluímos, portanto que a maioria dos inventários de pequenos mamíferos em regiões tropicais não conseguiu captar a riqueza... / 1onventional traps are widely used in studies of non-volant small mammals, but usually lead to sampling bias. Also, microhabitat quality and seasonality effects may influence the estimate of diversity. 2. We compared two small mammal sampling methods: live and pitfall traps. Species richness and number of individuals were our response variables, and field surveys were carried out in a continuous area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Effects of microhabitat variables and seasonality on trappability were also investigated. 3. Pitfall traps captured more number of species and more individuals during the wet season, when compared with live traps. Therefore, pitfall-traps were a better method for estimating the richness and abundance of small mammals, especially semi-fossorial species. 4. Our results showed the importance of considering the sampling effort dispended in live and pitfall traps when comparing the capture efficiency between them. The use of weighted abundance solved trappability problems of underestimation and overestimation in each trap type to capture small mammals. 5. Although the microhabitat is considered an important factor that can influence the number of individuals in the study area, we found no influence of microhabitat on trappability of live and pitfall traps on small mammal community. However, we found that the trap stations with higher basal area of dead trees and ferns captured more individuals of Brucepattersonius soricinus, Oligoryzomys nigripes, and Akodon montensis. 6. We conclude that most small mammal inventories in tropical regions failed to capture the true species richness. Several species considered “rare” and underlisted as data deficient in IUCN criterion could be in fact common

No description available.

Honey bees, Apis mellifera, play an important role in many ecosystems, pollinating a wide variety of native, agricultural, and exotic plants. The recent decline in the number of feral and managed honey bee colonies in North America, as well as the arrival of Africanized honey bees, have caused concern about adequate pollination for agricultural crops and natural plant communities. However, little is known about feral colonies, and the feral population is the source for Africanized honey bees as they spread and infiltrate managed populations. The goal of my dissertation was to examine the ecology of feral honey bee colonies, adding the spatial context necessary to understand the population ecology and patterns of resource use by feral honey bees on the Welder Wildlife Refuge. I defined the functional heterogeneity of feral honey bee habitat by identifying the suitability of different habitats for feral colonies based on the distribution and abundance of important resources (cavities, nectar, and pollen). I evaluated the distribution and abundance of feral colonies by examining nest site characteristics, population trends, and spatial and temporal patterns in cavity use. Lastly, I examined resource use by evaluating patterns in pollen collection and identifying where and when honey bees searched for resources. Overall, the Welder Wildlife Refuge provided excellent habitat for feral honey bees, supporting a high density of feral colonies. The dense live oak habitat was the best overall source for cavities, nectar, and pollen. Nectar and pollen were abundant throughout the year, with the exception of December and January, when a large number of honey bees searched for resources. Cavities did not appear to vary in their suitability for feral colonies based on measured structural and environmental attributes, since no cavity attributes were correlated with indices of cavity quality. However, the cavity quality indices varied between cavities, suggesting some cavities were more suitable for feral honey bees than others. Colonies were aggregated within the study area, probably due to the distribution of resources. The invasion of Africanized honey bees appeared to fragment the existing European population, with Africanized colonies aggregated in distribution and European colonies random in distribution.

No description available.

This diploma thesis is focused on invertebrates' survival and activity during winter; and on methods of their capture. The first part of the theoretical section describes principles of cold hardiness, strategies of winter survival and activity in snow environment. Furthermore, different methods of invertebrates capturing are presented. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the verification of selected invertebrates capturing methods during winter. The results summarize the differences in the diversity and quantity of animals caught; and provide an overview and characteristics of selected captured taxa. Suggestions for a snow fauna excursion and a practical exercise focused on capturing invertebrates during winter are proposed based on the results of the study. KEYWORDS cold hardiness, winter survival, winter activity, snow fauna, invertebrate animals, catching methods, pitfall traps