Namibia, like most developing countries, lacks complete and comprehensive sustainable land use plans. This has a negative impact on a range of land use activities. Although Geographical Information System (GIS) is used as a planning tool in Namibia in an ad hoc manner, there is no broader comprehensive framework to guide applications of GIS as a planning tool specifically for land use planning (LUP). The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how integration of participatory mapping and GIS can be used to enhance land use planning in the Hardap Region, Namibia. The study seeks to point out lack of local communities’ engagement in LUP process; lack of policy frameworks and guidelines for Integrated Land Use Planning (ILUP); and poor data management. The study adapted quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect relevant data and information related to LUP. Data collected using participatory approaches such as Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis were applied in an integrated manner in various contexts. FGDs were used to evaluate participants’ knowledge of LUP in the Hardap region. Besides participating in the FGDs, PRA and SWOT analysis, the participants also expressed opinions concerning desirable and undesired land uses in the region. Sketch and photo- mapping methods were found to be suitable approaches to capture local knowledge. GIS was found to be effective in integrating participatory maps produced by the local communities and existing spatial land use data. The results shows that local communities are eager to learn about participatory approaches and are willing to share their views and knowledge on land use in their respective areas. A user-friendly comprehensive georeferenced digital database was created for the Hardap region. This database is used for spatial data management, analyses, maintenance and production of maps. Maps of new development initiatives in the region were produced. The frameworks and guidelines suggested in this study has the potential to guide participatory techniques aided by GIS technology involving local communities in sustainable LUP processes in Namibia. The digital database incorporates experts’ knowledge on the users and implementation aspects, making it a LUP benchmark tool of Namibia. Key recommendations include incorporation of GIS technology in the ILUP, implementation of comprehensive participatory LUP, adoption of guidelines for future LUP, skills training and capacity development, and result-based monitoring. / Geography / D. Litt. et Phil. (Geography)

Alvin Min Che Lin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-127). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract in English and Chinese --- p.i-ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / List of Abbreviations --- p.v / Photo of Tolo Harbour reclamation near Chinese University --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1. --- "The Harbour Reclamation Debate: Introduction, Theoretical Framework and Literature Review" --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Govemment as City Planner: How and Why the Government Came to Pursue its Reclamation Plans in Victoria Harbour. Issues in Hong Kong's Town Planning System --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Framing the Debate: the Rise of the Harbour Protection Movement and the Government's Initial Response (October 1994 ´ؤ October1995) --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- "The Debate Gets Underway: Organizing, Campaigning, Lawmaking (November 1995 - June1997)" --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- "Continuity and Change After the Handover: Escalation, Showdown and Resolution (July 1997 - October 1999 and Beyond)" --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Discussion and Conclusion. What We Learn From the Harbour Debate Significance of the Debate for Hong Kong Politics --- p.118 / Bibliography --- p.124 / Appendix: / The Protection of the Harbour Ordinance and TPB Vision Statement Table of Government Plans and Alternative Plans / Tables: / Chapter 1.1 --- Existing/Committed and Proposed Reclamations in Victoria Harbour in1994 --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Uses for Existing and Proposed Harbour Reclamations --- p.33 / Figures: / Chapter 1.1 --- Lessig's Four Elements for Regulating Behavior --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Framework Applied to the Harbour Reclamation Debate --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- "The Harbour Debate, October 1994-October1995" --- p.40 / Chapter 4.1 --- "The Harbour Debate, November 1995 - June1997" --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1 --- "The Harbour Debate, July 1997 ´ؤ October 1999 and Beyond" --- p.81 / Chapter 6.1 --- How Civil Society Influenced the Government --- p.121 / Miscellaneous: / Blueprint of the reclamations and SPH petition --- p.6b

Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates how information on plant products can be used to incorporate local users into joint forest management planning by developing guidelines for sustainable collaborative management in Derre miombo woodland in the Zambézia Province in Mozambique. From the participatory appraisal, it was found that 46 woody miombo species were used in the five villages for at least 29 different purposes. Five of these species (Brachystegia boehmii, B. spiciformis, Pterocarpus angolensis, Terminalia sericea and Swartzia madagascariensis) were selected for analysis because of their multiple uses and the unknown impact of their harvesting on the future survival of those hardwood trees species. In order to determine the impact of human resource extraction on the forest and on the dynamics of tree canopy populations an inventory of woody plants was.carried out for two categories of forest land-use, namely selective harvesting and fallow land (approximately 15 years old). This was done for Golombe and Arame villages and for selective harvesting only for Mphoto village, on 23, I-ha random selected plots in the woodland adjacent to the three villages. The population structure of the five species T sericea, S. madagascariensis, P. angolensis, B. boehmii and B. spiciformis showed different trends in each of the three villages. Size class distribution of the first tree species gave evidence that the species were being harvested for building poles. This study has shown that, through plant species products, miombo contribute to the livelihoods of the local communities living in Derre woodlands. In this study it was found that usually more than one species were used for one product as well as most of the species being trees with multiple uses. This study has also provided some evidence that P. angolensis and S. madagascariensis can benefit from shifting cultivation and fire, which encourages coppice regeneration. More research is required to further validate this evidence. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die moontlikhede wat inligting oor spesifieke plantprodukte bied, in die betrekking van plaaslike gemeenskappe in die proses van gesamentlike bosbestuurs- en beplanningspraktyke. Verder word riglyne opgestel aangaande die volhoubaarheid van die gesamentlike bestuurs- en beplanningspraktyke in die Derre miombo bosveld, in die Zambézia Provinsie in Mozambique. Inligting verkry vanuit die deelnemende opname dui aan dat in die vyf nedersettings wat ondersoek is, 46 houtagtige miombo spesies vir ten minste 29 verskillende doeleindes aangewend word. Vyf van die spesies (Brachystegia boehmii, B. spiciformis, Pterocarpus angolensis, Terminalia sericea en Swartzia madagascariensis) is geselekteer vir gebruik in analises as gevolg van hul benutbaarheid deur plaaslike inwoners en die feit dat minimale inligting beskikbaar is oor die impak van gebruik van die harde hout spesies op hul volhoubare benutting en voortbestaan. 'n Opname van houtagtige spesies is uitgevoer in areas wat val in een van twee bosgrondgebruiks kategoriee nl. areas wat selektief geoes en benut word, en braaklande (ongeveer 15 jaar oud). Dit is gedoen om die impak wat verwydering van boshulpbronne deur mense op die boomkruin populasies het, vas te stel. Die opname strategie is gevolg in 23 ha persele, uitgelê in die gebiede wat die Golombe, Arame en Mphoto nedersettings omring - in die geval van laasgenoemde nedersetting is slegs die impak van selektiewe benutting ondersoek. Die populasie struktuur van die vyf studiespesies (T sericea, S. madagascariensis, P. angolensis, B. boehmii en B. spiciformis) het verkil vir elk van die drie nedersettings wat ondersoek is. Die verspreiding van grootte klasse vir die eerste spesie, het aangedui dat die spesie vir gebruik as konstruksie pale geoes word. Die miombo bosveld plantegroei-tipe dra by tot die lewensonderhoud van plaaslike gemeenskappe in die vorm van plant produkte, in die Derre omgewing. Daar is verder gevind dat meer as een spesie dikwels vir dieselfde doel aangewend kan word en die meeste van die spesies wat benut word is boomagtig met meer as een gebruik. In die studie is verder aanduidings gevind dat P. angolensis en S. madagascariensis kan baatvind by grondverbouings praktyke wat gereeld verskuif word en ook brande, omdat beide praktyke kreupelhout regenerasie stimuleer. Verdere navorsing word egter benodig om dié bevinding te ondersteun.

Namibia, like most developing countries, lacks complete and comprehensive sustainable land use plans. This has a negative impact on a range of land use activities. Although Geographical Information System (GIS) is used as a planning tool in Namibia in an ad hoc manner, there is no broader comprehensive framework to guide applications of GIS as a planning tool specifically for land use planning (LUP). The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how integration of participatory mapping and GIS can be used to enhance land use planning in the Hardap Region, Namibia. The study seeks to point out lack of local communities’ engagement in LUP process; lack of policy frameworks and guidelines for Integrated Land Use Planning (ILUP); and poor data management. The study adapted quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect relevant data and information related to LUP. Data collected using participatory approaches such as Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis were applied in an integrated manner in various contexts. FGDs were used to evaluate participants’ knowledge of LUP in the Hardap region. Besides participating in the FGDs, PRA and SWOT analysis, the participants also expressed opinions concerning desirable and undesired land uses in the region. Sketch and photo- mapping methods were found to be suitable approaches to capture local knowledge. GIS was found to be effective in integrating participatory maps produced by the local communities and existing spatial land use data. The results shows that local communities are eager to learn about participatory approaches and are willing to share their views and knowledge on land use in their respective areas. A user-friendly comprehensive georeferenced digital database was created for the Hardap region. This database is used for spatial data management, analyses, maintenance and production of maps. Maps of new development initiatives in the region were produced. The frameworks and guidelines suggested in this study has the potential to guide participatory techniques aided by GIS technology involving local communities in sustainable LUP processes in Namibia. The digital database incorporates experts’ knowledge on the users and implementation aspects, making it a LUP benchmark tool of Namibia. Key recommendations include incorporation of GIS technology in the ILUP, implementation of comprehensive participatory LUP, adoption of guidelines for future LUP, skills training and capacity development, and result-based monitoring. / Geography / D. Litt. et Phil. (Geography)

Esta pesquisa insere-se nos estudos de ciências da sustentabilidade, com foco no desenvolvimento territorial sustentável. O objetivo foi identificar a contribuição do capital social, expresso por meio da rede social Colab, para o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, no contexto dos 14 municípios que compõe o Núcleo Urbano Central da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. A pesquisa teve como base conceitual a utilização dos três capitais: natural, social e construído. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizados: catalogação dos dados do Colab; categorização conforme modelo analítico e caracterização do capital social. Os resultados apontam para expressiva participação dos usuários do Colab no município de Curitiba. Dos 12.531 seguidores do Colab, 93,77% são de Curitiba, 94% homens, com idade entre 30 e 39 anos. Das 9.338 demandas recebidas pelo Colab, 8.724 foram de fiscalizações, 578 de propostas e 36 de avaliações. Em relação à categoria fiscalização, a maior demanda foi por fiscalização de estacionamento irregular (capital social - normas e valores). Em relação às propostas, a maior demanda foi por fiscalização de trânsito (capital construído - serviços da administração pública). Em relação às avaliações, a maior demanda foi em relação à rodoviária (capital construído - infraestrutura pública e sistemas de transportes). Quanto o somatório dos dados do Colab, o resultado foi a predominância do capital construído (macrocategoria infraestrutura pública e serviços da administração pública). A partir dos resultados foi possível identificar a contribuição do capital social, expresso por meio do Colab, para o DTS da RMC. Essa contribuição ocorre por meio de: a) A própria participação, cidadania e engajamento por meio do Colab; b) Da criação e fortalecimento dos laços sociais; c) Ao apontar mobilidade urbana como principal demanda. Praticamente não apareceram demandas em relação ao capital natural. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos são um alerta para a administração pública, para a necessidade de discutir e implantar políticas públicas que contemplem um sistema de mobilidade urbana sustentável. / This research is part of sustainability science studies, with a target on sustainable territorial development. The objective was to identify the social capital contribution, expressed through the Colab social network, for sustainable territorial development in the context of the 14 municipalities that make up the Central Urban Center of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. The research had as a conceptual basis the use of three capitals: natural, social and built. As methodological procedures, the Colab data were cataloged; categorization according to the analytical model and characterization of social capital.The results indicate the significant participation of Colab users in the city of Curitiba.Of the 12,531 Colab followers, 94% are males, between 30 and 39 years old, 93.77% from Curitiba.Of the 9,338 complaints received by Colab, 8,724 were inspections, 578 of proposals and 36 of evaluations. In regard to the inspection category, the greatest demand was due toinspection of irregular parking (social capital - standards and values).In regard to the proposals, the greatest demand was for traffic control (built capital - public administration services).In regard to the evaluations, the greatest demand was in relation to the road (built capital - public infrastructure and transport systems).As for the sum of the Colab data, the result was the predominance of constructed capital (macrocategory of public infrastructure and public administration services).From the results it was possible to identify the contribution of social capital, expressed through Colab, to the DTS of the MRC.This contribution occurs through: a) The participation, citizenship and engagement through Colab; b) The creation and strengthening of social ties; c) Focusing on urban mobility as the main demand. Virtually no demands were made on natural capital.From a practical point of view, the quantitative and qualitative results are an alert for the public administration, for the need to discuss and implement public policies that contemplate a system of sustainable urban mobility.

Esta pesquisa insere-se nos estudos de ciências da sustentabilidade, com foco no desenvolvimento territorial sustentável. O objetivo foi identificar a contribuição do capital social, expresso por meio da rede social Colab, para o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, no contexto dos 14 municípios que compõe o Núcleo Urbano Central da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. A pesquisa teve como base conceitual a utilização dos três capitais: natural, social e construído. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizados: catalogação dos dados do Colab; categorização conforme modelo analítico e caracterização do capital social. Os resultados apontam para expressiva participação dos usuários do Colab no município de Curitiba. Dos 12.531 seguidores do Colab, 93,77% são de Curitiba, 94% homens, com idade entre 30 e 39 anos. Das 9.338 demandas recebidas pelo Colab, 8.724 foram de fiscalizações, 578 de propostas e 36 de avaliações. Em relação à categoria fiscalização, a maior demanda foi por fiscalização de estacionamento irregular (capital social - normas e valores). Em relação às propostas, a maior demanda foi por fiscalização de trânsito (capital construído - serviços da administração pública). Em relação às avaliações, a maior demanda foi em relação à rodoviária (capital construído - infraestrutura pública e sistemas de transportes). Quanto o somatório dos dados do Colab, o resultado foi a predominância do capital construído (macrocategoria infraestrutura pública e serviços da administração pública). A partir dos resultados foi possível identificar a contribuição do capital social, expresso por meio do Colab, para o DTS da RMC. Essa contribuição ocorre por meio de: a) A própria participação, cidadania e engajamento por meio do Colab; b) Da criação e fortalecimento dos laços sociais; c) Ao apontar mobilidade urbana como principal demanda. Praticamente não apareceram demandas em relação ao capital natural. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos são um alerta para a administração pública, para a necessidade de discutir e implantar políticas públicas que contemplem um sistema de mobilidade urbana sustentável. / This research is part of sustainability science studies, with a target on sustainable territorial development. The objective was to identify the social capital contribution, expressed through the Colab social network, for sustainable territorial development in the context of the 14 municipalities that make up the Central Urban Center of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. The research had as a conceptual basis the use of three capitals: natural, social and built. As methodological procedures, the Colab data were cataloged; categorization according to the analytical model and characterization of social capital.The results indicate the significant participation of Colab users in the city of Curitiba.Of the 12,531 Colab followers, 94% are males, between 30 and 39 years old, 93.77% from Curitiba.Of the 9,338 complaints received by Colab, 8,724 were inspections, 578 of proposals and 36 of evaluations. In regard to the inspection category, the greatest demand was due toinspection of irregular parking (social capital - standards and values).In regard to the proposals, the greatest demand was for traffic control (built capital - public administration services).In regard to the evaluations, the greatest demand was in relation to the road (built capital - public infrastructure and transport systems).As for the sum of the Colab data, the result was the predominance of constructed capital (macrocategory of public infrastructure and public administration services).From the results it was possible to identify the contribution of social capital, expressed through Colab, to the DTS of the MRC.This contribution occurs through: a) The participation, citizenship and engagement through Colab; b) The creation and strengthening of social ties; c) Focusing on urban mobility as the main demand. Virtually no demands were made on natural capital.From a practical point of view, the quantitative and qualitative results are an alert for the public administration, for the need to discuss and implement public policies that contemplate a system of sustainable urban mobility.

The purpose of this dissertation was to identify factors that contribute to the sustainability of rural water supply facilities (WSFs). Twenty-four interviews were conducted: 16 from rural communities and 8 from water supply agencies. Key findings are that in order to achieve sustainability of WSFs, there is need to ensure that (1) there is an effective community organisation; (2) communities have the ability to operate and maintain WSFs; (3) communities are able to raise adequate user fees for purchasing spare parts; and (4) that there is a strong backup support at the district level to carry out major repairs. Major threats to the sustainability of WSFs include high poverty levels in communities, weak institutional framework and inability of communities to handle major breakdowns. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Work)

The purpose of this dissertation was to identify factors that contribute to the sustainability of rural water supply facilities (WSFs). Twenty-four interviews were conducted: 16 from rural communities and 8 from water supply agencies. Key findings are that in order to achieve sustainability of WSFs, there is need to ensure that (1) there is an effective community organisation; (2) communities have the ability to operate and maintain WSFs; (3) communities are able to raise adequate user fees for purchasing spare parts; and (4) that there is a strong backup support at the district level to carry out major repairs. Major threats to the sustainability of WSFs include high poverty levels in communities, weak institutional framework and inability of communities to handle major breakdowns. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Work)