MSCAGR ( Plant Production) / Department of Plant Production / See the attached abstract below

[Truncated abstract] In order to expand the gene pool of canola-quality rapeseed (Brassica napus) reciprocal interspecific crosses were made between B. napus cv. Mystic and near canola-quality B. juncea breeding line JN29. F1 progeny from these crosses were used to make backcrosses to both parents in all possible combinations and directions, and were selfed to form F2-derived lines. The highest frequencies of viable F2 and BC1 progeny were obtained when B. napus was the maternal parent of the interspecific hybrid. BC1 and F2 progeny (and subsequent generations) were grown under field conditions to identify agronomic improvements over the parents. Transgressive segregation was observed in F2 and BC1 and in subsequent generations for agronomic traits (seed yield under high or low rainfall conditions, plant biomass, harvest index, height, branching and days to anthesis) and seed quality traits (oil, protein, glucosinolates, oleic acid). The majority of progeny conformed to B. napus morphology, and a minority segregated to B. juncea morphology in subsequent generations. Some of the B. juncea morphotypes had lower glucosinolates and higher oleic acid than the parent JN29, with no detectable erucic acid, and thereby conformed to canola quality. Methods were developed for tracing B-genome in interspecific progeny. A repetitive DNA sequence pBNBH35 from B. nigra (genome BB, 2n = 16) was used to identify B-genome chromosomes and introgressions in interspecific progeny. Specific primers were designed for pBNBH35 in order to amplify the repetitive sequence by PCR. A cloned sub-fragment of 329 bp was confirmed by sequencing as part of pBNBH35. PCR and hybridisation techniques were used on an array of Brassica species to confirm that the pBNBH35 subfragment was Brassica B-genome specific. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in B nigra, B. juncea (AABB, 2n=36) and B. napus (AACC, 2n=38) showed that the pBNBH35 sub-fragment was present on all eight Brassica Bgenome chromosomes and absent from A- and C-genome chromosomes. The pBNBH35 repeat was localised to the centromeric region of each B-genome chromosome. FISH clearly distinguished the B-genome chromosomes from the A-genome chromosomes in the amphidiploid species B. juncea. This is the first known report of a B-genome repetitive marker that is present on all Brassica Bgenome chromosomes. ... The results suggest that novel B. napus genotypes have been generated containing introgressions of B-genome chromatin from B. juncea chromosomes. B. juncea morphology occurred in interspecific progeny with a chromosome complement similar to B. napus (2n = 38) and without the entire Bgenome present. It also is highly likely that recombination has occurred between the A-genome of the two Brassica species. This research has demonstrated that the secondary gene pool of B. napus may be accessed by selfing interspecific hybrids, and without sacrificing canola quality, if the B. juncea parent is near canola-quality. Interspecific progeny may be screened to enhance the proportion with B-genome positive signals. Some progeny with B. junceatype morphology had improved seed quality over the JN29 parent.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-130). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-130). Also available on the Internet.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-23).

Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Thinopyrum distichum (2n = 4x = 28; J1dJ1dJ2dJ2d) is a hardy, salt-tolerant maritime wheatgrass indigenous to southern Africa. In order to transfer its salt-tolerance to cultivated cereals, the Thinopyrum chromosomes involved must first be characterized with molecular markers. Thinopyrum distichum chromosomes 2J1d, 3J1d, 4J1d and 5J1d have previously been found to be major determinants of salt-tolerance. A genotype panel consisting of two triticale/Th. distichum allopolyploids, two Th. distichum/2*triticale doubled-haploids, eight triticale addition-lines (for chromosomes 2J1d; 2J1dβ; 3J1d; 3J1dL; 4J1d; 4J2d; 5J1d and 7J2d, respectively) and two triticale translocation-lines (involving chromosome arms 3J1dS and 3J1dL, respectively) were used for fluorescence-based, semi-automated AFLP-analyses and to a lesser extent for EST-SSR microsatellite marker-development, to identify molecular markers specific to the critical Th. distichum chromosomes. Thirteen EST-SSR primer pairs produced four putative Th. distichum-specific microsatellite-markers, one of which was specific for critical chromosome 5J1d. AFLP-analysis with 60 selective EcoRI/MseI and 18 Sse8387I/MseI primer combinations produced 159 AFLP-fragments specific for Th. distichum. These included seven putative markers for chromosome 2J1d, 15 for 3J1d, one marker for 4J1d and two for 5J1d. A salt-tolerance experiment was done to determine which chromosome 2J1d and 3J1d regions may carry genes for salt-tolerance. Plants were selected that had a monosomic addition of a chromosome 2J1d variant (either the complete chromosome or a modified version referred to as 2J1dβ) in addition to one of four chromosome 3J1d variants (the complete 3J1d chromosome; a 3J1dL-telosome; a 3J1dS-translocation or a 3J1dL-translocation). The results suggested that Th. distichum chromosome-arms 2J1dL and 3J1dS are probably involved in salt-tolerance. A group of 93 trigeneric (Triticum/Secale/Thinopyrum) F2 secondary hybrids were then analyzed in order to: (i) Evaluate some (ten) of the newly developed putative AFLP-markers; and (ii) attempt to find translocations, telosomes or substitutions involving the critical Thinopyrum chromosomes. Five (50 %) of the ten putative AFLP-markers could be reproduced, but only four proved to be chromosome-specific. It was also possible to assign hese four markers to chromosome arms: E32M49.118 (2J1dS); E41M49.103 (2J1dS); E35M49.137 (3J1d); and E41M49.188 (3J1dL). The selective primer combination that produced marker E41M49.103 (2J1dS), also amplified a fragment of the same size on chromosome 4J1d. These markers will be useful for further mapping and selection of the salt-tolerance genes. The fact that only four of the ten putative AFLP-markers evaluated proved to be repeatable implies that the remaining untested markers need to be confirmed against larger genotype panels as well. Probable reasons for the relatively low frequency of markers that turned out to be reliable are discussed. The marker-association study also revealed that visual examination of all electropherograms produced by AFLP-fragment analysis is necessary to correctly identify all AFLP-fragments. Use of the AFLP- and STS-/SCAR-markers in conjunction with the group of 93 F2 secondary hybrids showed that 18 of these probably carried a 3J1dL-translocation. Several hybrids possibly had translocations involving the 4J1d and 5J1d chromosomes. However, these results need to be confirmed. Various hybrids also appeared to have critical Th. distichum substitutions, although this still requires further confirmation. The identified plant material could prove useful for further characterization of salt-tolerance in Thinopyrum, and its eventual utilization in cereal crops.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1117940 bytes, checksum: 956e311566e3418979f2e1c2c4e72cd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this work was to investigate the gene flow from the Roundup Ready soybean to a conventional in two sites of Minas Gerais: Viçosa and Florestal. Cross-pollination rate was observed between CD219RR® and CD211, both of property of COODETEC (Central Cooperative of Agricultural Research). It was also objective of this research to study five methodologies to identify tolerant soybean seeds to the herbicide, and one of them was chosen for the detection of the occurrence of gene flow in this work. The first experiment was installed in the field in an outline of concentric squares delineated especially for the objectives of this study. The first five squares, from the center to the border, formed the pollen source, where seeds were sowed of gliphosate tolerant cultivar. The remaing squares were sowed susceptible cultivar seeds. In the maturation stage, stage R8, were harvested in the four directions starting from the center, rows corresponding to the sides of the squares, in varied distances of the pollen source: 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 and 8,0 meters. Of the harvested rows, samples of 900 seeds per row were evaluated through the bioassay of germination in substrate moistened with 0,06% glifosato solution. In this analysis, seedling endowed with indicative trace of tolerance to the gliphosate indicated occurrence of cross-pollination. The obtained data were analyzed statistically through linear regression with plateau. Results indicated cross-pollination rates different for the two locations showing that this trait can vary in function of the environment. The largest natural hybridization rates (1,27% in Florestal and 0,25% in Viçosa) happened at the smallest distances. The cross-pollination rates approached zero at the distances of 2,26 and 1,16m from the source, for Florestal and Viçosa, respectively. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o fluxo gênico da soja Roundup Ready para uma convencional em duas localidades no Estado de Minas Gerais: Viçosa e Florestal. Foi observada a taxa de fecundação cruzada entre CD219RR® e CD211, ambas de propriedade da COODETEC (Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola). Foi também objetivo dessa pesquisa estudar cinco metodologias para identificar sementes de soja tolerante ao herbicida. Uma delas foi escolhida para detecção do fluxo gênico neste trabalho. O primeiro experimento foi instalado em campo num esquema constituído de quadrados concêntricos, delineado especialmente para os objetivos deste estudo. Os cinco primeiros quadrados, do centro para borda, formaram a fonte de pólen, onde sementes do cultivar tolerante ao glifosato foram semeadas. À sua volta, foi semeado o cultivar sensível. Na fase de maturação, estágio R8, foram colhidas nas quatro direções a partir do centro, fileiras correspondentes aos lados dos quadrados, em distâncias variadas da fonte de pólen: 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 8,0 metros. Das fileiras colhidas, amostras de 900 sementes por fileira foram avaliadas por meio do bioensaio de germinação de sementes em substrato umedecido com solução 0,06% de glifosato, metodologia adotada a partir dos estudos realizados sobre os bioensaios. Nesta análise, plântulas dotadas de traços indicativos de tolerância ao glifosato indicaram ocorrência de fecundação cruzada. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de regressão linear com platô. Os resultados indicaram taxas de fecundação cruzada diferentes para as duas localidades mostrando que esta característica varia em função do ambiente. As maiores taxas de hibridação natural (1,27% em Florestal e 0,25% em Viçosa) ocorreram às menores distâncias. As taxas de fecundação cruzada aproximaram-se de zero às distâncias de 2,26 e 1,16m da fonte, para Florestal e Viçosa, respectivamente.

CAPES / Atualmente, a biodiversidade é considerada como potente estratégia de segurança alimentar, ecológica e econômica para humanidade. O Brasil é um dos principais centros de diversidade genética de fruteiras silvestres do mundo. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre a maioria destas espécies. Na região Sudoeste do Paraná essa diversidade pode ser encontrada, porém, devido a ação antrópica percebe-se nos últimos anos a fragmentação do ecossistema, ocasionando crescente erosão genética, perdendo-se genótipos de fruteiras nativas potenciais. Desse modo, a conservação dos recursos genéticos é primordial para estratégias de redução dos danos cau-sados ao meio ambiente e da falta de informações técnicas para potencializar o uso das mes-mas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo coletar informações para criação de redes de conservação on farm em quatro municípios da Fitofisionomia Floresta com Araucária. O presente trabalho foi conduzido em propriedades rurais de Dois Vizinhos, Itapejara do Oeste, Verê e São Jorge d'Oeste (PR). Foi estabelecido plano de ações junto às comunidades rurais dos referidos mu-nicípios por meio de coleta de informações com agentes considerados chaves no processo, buscando-se o maior número de agricultores familiares que possuíam em suas propriedades as fruteiras nativas pitangueira, jabuticabeira, uvaieira, cerejeira-do-mato, guabirobeira, guabiju-zeiro, sete capoteiro, goiabeira serrana, araçazeiros amarelo e vermelho. Foi aplicado questio-nário semi-estruturado, que versou questões da presença, manejo e uso de fruteiras Myrtacea-es em suas propriedades e o termo de consentimento livre esclarecido. Fez-se o levantamento do número e das fruteiras nativas presentes em cada propriedade. Foi realizada a caracteriza-ção de cada unidade familiar em termos da diversidade manejada e usada de fruteiras nativas. Realizou-se a coleta de solo em 200 propriedades com presença de pelo menos alguma frutei-ra nativa de ocorrência natural, a fim de determinar a preferência das espécies em relação as características químicas do solo. Os quatro municípios levantados apresentam fruteiras nativas em quantidade e em diversidade para criação da rede de conservação on farm, com os agricul-tores demonstrando-se compromissados e conscientes de seu papel como guardiões deste pa-trimônio da humanidade. / Currently, the biodiversity is considered as a powerful food security strategy, ecological and economical for humanity. Brazil is one of the main centers of genetic diversity of native fruit in the world. However, little is known about most of these species. In southwestern Paraná region, this diversity can be found, however, due to human action to increase genetic erosion, it is losing genotypes with potential for use. Thus, the conservation of genetic resources is essential for reduction strategies for damage caused to the environment and the lack of tech-nical information to increase the use of them. This study aimed to obtain information for cre-ating on farm net conservation in four citties this region. This study was carried out in rural properties from Dois Vizinhos, Itapejara D’Oeste, Verê and São Jorge D'Oeste citties, Paraná State, Brazil. It was action plan was established with the rural communities through gathering information with agents considered key in the process, it seeking the greatest number of farm-ers who had their properties in the native fruits as pitanga, jabuticaba, uvaia, cereja-do-mato, guabiroba, guabiju, sete capote, goiaba serrana, araça amarelo e vermelho trees. Semi-structured questionnaire was applied, which concerned issues of presence, handling and use of Myrtaceae fruit trees on their properties and informed consent term. There was a survey of the number and native fruits present in each property. The characterization of each household in terms of diversity handled and used in native fruit was performed. It was realized the soil col-lect in 200 properties with the presence of at least some native fruit tree naturally occurring, in order to determine the preference of the species for the chemical characteristics of the soil. The four citties have native fruits trees in quantity and diversity for the creation of on farm net conservation, with farmers demonstrating knowledge of their role as guardians of this heritage of humanity.

CAPES / Atualmente, a biodiversidade é considerada como potente estratégia de segurança alimentar, ecológica e econômica para humanidade. O Brasil é um dos principais centros de diversidade genética de fruteiras silvestres do mundo. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre a maioria destas espécies. Na região Sudoeste do Paraná essa diversidade pode ser encontrada, porém, devido a ação antrópica percebe-se nos últimos anos a fragmentação do ecossistema, ocasionando crescente erosão genética, perdendo-se genótipos de fruteiras nativas potenciais. Desse modo, a conservação dos recursos genéticos é primordial para estratégias de redução dos danos cau-sados ao meio ambiente e da falta de informações técnicas para potencializar o uso das mes-mas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo coletar informações para criação de redes de conservação on farm em quatro municípios da Fitofisionomia Floresta com Araucária. O presente trabalho foi conduzido em propriedades rurais de Dois Vizinhos, Itapejara do Oeste, Verê e São Jorge d'Oeste (PR). Foi estabelecido plano de ações junto às comunidades rurais dos referidos mu-nicípios por meio de coleta de informações com agentes considerados chaves no processo, buscando-se o maior número de agricultores familiares que possuíam em suas propriedades as fruteiras nativas pitangueira, jabuticabeira, uvaieira, cerejeira-do-mato, guabirobeira, guabiju-zeiro, sete capoteiro, goiabeira serrana, araçazeiros amarelo e vermelho. Foi aplicado questio-nário semi-estruturado, que versou questões da presença, manejo e uso de fruteiras Myrtacea-es em suas propriedades e o termo de consentimento livre esclarecido. Fez-se o levantamento do número e das fruteiras nativas presentes em cada propriedade. Foi realizada a caracteriza-ção de cada unidade familiar em termos da diversidade manejada e usada de fruteiras nativas. Realizou-se a coleta de solo em 200 propriedades com presença de pelo menos alguma frutei-ra nativa de ocorrência natural, a fim de determinar a preferência das espécies em relação as características químicas do solo. Os quatro municípios levantados apresentam fruteiras nativas em quantidade e em diversidade para criação da rede de conservação on farm, com os agricul-tores demonstrando-se compromissados e conscientes de seu papel como guardiões deste pa-trimônio da humanidade. / Currently, the biodiversity is considered as a powerful food security strategy, ecological and economical for humanity. Brazil is one of the main centers of genetic diversity of native fruit in the world. However, little is known about most of these species. In southwestern Paraná region, this diversity can be found, however, due to human action to increase genetic erosion, it is losing genotypes with potential for use. Thus, the conservation of genetic resources is essential for reduction strategies for damage caused to the environment and the lack of tech-nical information to increase the use of them. This study aimed to obtain information for cre-ating on farm net conservation in four citties this region. This study was carried out in rural properties from Dois Vizinhos, Itapejara D’Oeste, Verê and São Jorge D'Oeste citties, Paraná State, Brazil. It was action plan was established with the rural communities through gathering information with agents considered key in the process, it seeking the greatest number of farm-ers who had their properties in the native fruits as pitanga, jabuticaba, uvaia, cereja-do-mato, guabiroba, guabiju, sete capote, goiaba serrana, araça amarelo e vermelho trees. Semi-structured questionnaire was applied, which concerned issues of presence, handling and use of Myrtaceae fruit trees on their properties and informed consent term. There was a survey of the number and native fruits present in each property. The characterization of each household in terms of diversity handled and used in native fruit was performed. It was realized the soil col-lect in 200 properties with the presence of at least some native fruit tree naturally occurring, in order to determine the preference of the species for the chemical characteristics of the soil. The four citties have native fruits trees in quantity and diversity for the creation of on farm net conservation, with farmers demonstrating knowledge of their role as guardians of this heritage of humanity.

Orientador: Vera Nisaka Solferini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T04:40:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu_AluanaGoncalvesde_D.pdf: 3682927 bytes, checksum: e8b0e5d165148e225082c7057c66bb6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Tomoplagia reticulata (Diptera: Tephritidae) é um fitófago especialista em Eremanthus glomerulatus (Asteraceae). Os adultos ovipõem nas inflorescências da planta hospedeira, onde as larvas se desenvolvem. O histórico de coletas de T. reticulata mostra uma grande variação na quantidade de insetos infestando cada indivíduo de E. glomerulatus. A fim de verificar se a variação no número de herbívoros nas populações do hospedeiro é associada a alguma característica química e/ou genética deste, comparamos as variabilidades genética e química entre indivíduos de E. glomerulatus com diferentes níveis de infestação por T. reticulata (cap. 1). Eremanthus glomerulatus tem baixa variabilidade genética, provavelmente associada à distribuição restrita desta espécie. Apesar da distribuição fragmentada, há pouca estruturação entre as populações desta planta, explicada pelo maior fluxo gênico entre ambientes fragmentados em espécies anemocóricas. As características genéticas e químicas de E. glomerulatus não explicam a variação no nível de herbivoria das populações do hospedeiro. No capítulo 2, testamos a hipótese de que fitófagos especialistas apresentam maior diferenciação genética e menor diversidade do que generalistas, comparando o nível de variabilidade e estrutura genética de T. reticulata com o de outros fitófagos com diferentes amplitudes de hospedeiro. As populações de T. reticulata apresentaram baixa variabilidade e grande estruturação genética, o que é associado à distribuição fragmentada da planta hospedeira, que restringe a distribuição das pequenas populações do inseto. No capítulo 3, caracterizamos a composição genética das populações de Tomoplagia reticulata e de T. pallens, uma espécie irmã. Ambas as espécies parasitam E. glomerulatus; T. reticulata ocorre em MG e T. pallens em GO. Há uma zona de contato entre as espécies no Sul de MG, onde elas hibridizam. Ocasionalmente T. pallens chega ao centro de MG (Santana do Riacho), região mais fria. Esta migração provavelmente está associada a anos excepcionalmente quentes. / Abstract: Tomoplagia reticulata (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a phytophagous insect which is specialist on Eremanthus glomerulatus (Asteraceae). Adults oviposit in flower heads, where larvae develop. Sampling records for T. reticulata show that there is great variation in the number of insects parasitizing each plant. To verify if this variation is associated with chemical or genetic characteristics of the host plant, we assayed E. glomerulatus' genetic and chemical variability and compared between individuals with different levels of infestation by T. reticulata (chapter 1). Eremanthus glomerulatus has low genetic variability, probably related to its narrow geographic distribution. There is low genetic structure among populations despite its fragmented distribution, due to enhance gene flow in fragmented habitats in anemocoric species. E. glomerulatus' chemical and genetic characteristics don't explain variation in herbivory. In chapter 2, we tested the hypothesis that herbivorous insect species with narrow diet breadth are expected to be more prone to genetic differentiation and lower genetic diversity than insect species with a wider diet breadth, comparing T. reticulata's genetic variability and structure with other phytophagous with different host ranges. Tomoplagia reticulata has low genetic variability and great genetic structure, which is associated with its host fragmented distribution that restricts the distribution of insect populations. In chapter 3, we described genetic composition of Tomoplagia reticulata and T. pallens, a sister species. Both of them parasitize E. glomerulatus; T. reticulata occurs in MG and T. pallens in GO. There is a contact zone between them in southern MG, where they hybridize. Occasionally, T. pallens arrives in the center of MG (Santana do Riacho), a colder region. This migration is probably associated with extremely hot years. / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular