Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana_Paula_Mamprim.PDF: 1025073 bytes, checksum: a4585bdee440fbcff474cdb4a0e84089 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of aqueous and alcoholic plant extracts, alternative products and basidiocarps of the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus on Metarhizium anisopliae. These plants and the basidiocarps were collected and transferred to drying oven at 40°C for 7 days and then ground into a fine powder. The extracts and basidiocarps were used in 10% concentration and the alternative products in 3 concentrations, being established on product labels (CR), half (0,5CR) and twice (2CR). All treatments were sprayed on the already inoculated fungus in PDA culture medium. Viability was evaluated by direct counting of viable and unviable conidia after incubation for 16 h at 26 ± 1 º C, 12h photoperiod. For Colony Forming Unit (CFU), it was counted the number of colonies after 5 days of incubation. To vegetative growth and production of conidia, the fungus was inoculated in three points on the culture medium surface of each petri dish, staying for 7 days for subsequent colonies measurement and counting conidia. For the viability was found that all aqueous extracts, except the chinaberry differed from the control. For the CFU, only cinnamon and laurel extracts and P.sanguineus not differed from the control. In diameter, lemon grass, rue, chinaberry, cinnamon, citronella and rosemary extracts differed from the control. For conidiogeneous, lemon grass, rue, cinnamon and rosemary extracts and P. sanguineus also had significance in relation to control. All the alcoholic extracts, for viability, differed from the control. However, for CFU these same extracts showed no significance. For the diameter, it was a significant difference to the alcoholic extracts of rue, castor, neem and chinaberry. For the conidia production there were significant difference between alcoholic extracts of rue, castor, chinaberry, cinnamon, neem, rosemary and laurel. For the alternative products, in the viability parameter, all products showed significant difference in relation to control, except Forth (0,5 CR and CR) and Agro-Mos® in CR. For CFU, there was significant difference at all concentrations tested. For the diameter, only 0,5CR Pironim® differed at the control. For the conidia production, Plant Clean® (0.5 CR and CR), Pironim® (CR), Bordeaux Mixture (0.5 CR and CR) and Sulfur Mixture (CR and 2CR) showed significant differences compared to control. Despite of the biological parameters present percentage change (reduction or stimulation), there was compatibility for aqueous and alcoholic extracts. In relation to alternative products, only Sulfur Mixture was incompatible for the fungus M. anisopliae. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compatibilidade dos extratos vegetais aquosos e alcoólicos e de produtos alternativos, além de extratos de basidiocarpos de Pycnoporus sanguineus sobre o fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium anisopliae. As plantas e os basidiocarpos foram coletados e transferidos para estufa de secagem em 40 ºC por 7 dias, sendo em seguida, moídos até se obter um pó fino. Os extratos e o basidiocarpos foram utilizados na concentração 10%, e os produtos alternativos em três concentrações, sendo a estabelecida nos rótulos dos produtos (CR), a metade (0,5CR) e o dobro da mesma (2CR). Em todos os tratamentos foram feitas pulverizações sobre o fungo já repicado no meio de cultura BDA. Avaliou-se viabilidade, por meio da contagem direta dos conídios viáveis e inviáveis após incubação por 16 h em 26±1ºC, fotofase 12h. Para Unidade Formadora de Colônias (UFC) contou-se o número de colônias após 5 dias de incubação. Em relação ao crescimento vegetativo e a produção de conídios, o fungo foi repicado em 3 pontos na superfície do meio de cultura de cada placa de Petri, permanecendo em incubação por 7 dias, para posterior medição das colônias e contagem de conídios. Verificou-se que todos os extratos aquosos, exceto o de cinamomo, diferiram da testemunha para viabilidade. Para o UFC, somente os extratos de canela, louro e P.sanguineus, não diferiram da testemunha. No diâmetro, os extratos de capim cidreira, arruda, cinamomo, canela, citronela, alecrim diferiram da testemunha. Assim como na conidiogênese onde os extratos capim cidreira, arruda, canela, alecrim e P sanguineus também apresentaram significância em relação à testemunha. Para os extratos alcoólicos observou-se que na viabilidade, todos diferiram da testemunha. Enquanto que na UFC esses mesmos extratos não apresentaram significância. Para o diâmetro ocorreu uma diferença significativa para os extratos alcoólicos de arruda, mamona, cinamomo e nim. Já para a produção de conídios verificou-se diferença significativa dos extratos alcoólicos arruda, mamona, cinamomo, canela, nim, alecrim e louro. Para os produtos fitossanitários alternativos, no parâmetro viabilidade, todos os produtos apresentaram diferença significativa em relação a testemunha, exceto Forth (0,5 CR e na CR) e Agro-mos® na CR. Na UFC, foi verificada diferença significativa em todas as concentrações testadas. Para o diâmetro apenas o Pironim® na 0,5CR diferiu da testemunha. Já para a produção de conídios o produto Planta Clean® (0,5 CR e na CR), Pironim® (CR), Calda Bordalesa (0,5 CR e na CR) e Calda Sulfocálcica (CR e no 2CR) apresentaram diferenças significativas dos tratamentos em relação à testemunha. Apesar dos parâmetros biológicos apresentarem variação percentual (estímulo ou redução) verificou-se a compatibilidade para os extratos aquosos e alcoólicos. Em relação aos produtos alternativos somente a Calda Sulfocálcica se mostrou incompatível para o fungo M. anisopliae.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2017-08-30T17:15:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Jéssica Aparecida Coelho.pdf: 983869 bytes, checksum: f052f02c58568ed9e5417fa5e8c7bc58 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T17:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jéssica Aparecida Coelho.pdf: 983869 bytes, checksum: f052f02c58568ed9e5417fa5e8c7bc58 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 / Currently, research related to natural products, mainly those of plant origin, has been strongly encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO), once the use of plants with proven or unproven medicinal properties are of great influence on public health. Among the high medicinal potential plants, the species Myrciaria cauliflora Berg, which belongs to the Myrtaceae family, popularly known as `Jabuticaba`, a typical Brazilian fruit, is used in popular medicine to treat angina pectoris, dysentery, inflammation and asthma. Aiming to highlight the importance of the use of plants for the treatment of various diseases, the aim of this work was to identify the bioactive compounds present in Jabuticaba peel, and to perform in vitro tests of antioxidant action, antimicrobial potential and cytotoxic effect against red blood cells. The tests were carried out with the aim of obtaining results that could prove the possible pharmacological activities of the organic extracts, for further development of formulation with the use of pharmaceutical technology. Bioprospecting studies from the Brazilian flora represent concrete possibilities in the discovery of new antimicrobial agents, as well as the improvement and the discovery of new technologies in the most diverse industrial branches, with emphasis in the health sector. / Atualmente as pesquisas relacionadas aos produtos naturais, principalmente os de origem vegetal, têm sido incentivadas fortemente pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), visto que o uso de plantas com propriedades medicinais, comprovadas ou não, são de grande influência na saúde pública. Dentre as plantas com um alto potencial medicinal, destaca-se a espécie vegetal Myrciaria cauliflora Berg, pertencente à família Myrtaceae, conhecida popularmente como jabuticaba, fruta tipicamente brasileira, utilizada na medicina popular para tratar anginas do peito, disenterias, inflamações e asma. Visando ressaltar a importância do uso de plantas para o tratamento de diversos males, o intuito desse trabalho foi realizar a identificação dos compostos bioativos presentes nas cascas da jabuticaba, além, de realizar testes in vitro de ação antioxidante, potencial antimicrobiano e efeito citotóxico frente a hemácias humanas. Os testes foram realizados com o intuito de obter resultados que comprovassem as possíveis atividades farmacológicas dos extratos orgânicos, para posterior desenvolvimento de formulação com o uso de tecnologia farmacêutica. Estudos de bioprospecção a partir da flora brasileira, representam possibilidades concretas na descoberta de novos agentes antimicrobianos, assim como o aprimoramente e descobrimento de novas tecnologias nos mais diversos ramos industriais, com ênfase no setor da saúde.

Two experiments were carried to evaluate the effect of different nutritional plans on the DM intake, ingestive and social behavior and health status of dairy cows from different racial compositions during the transition period. In the first trial we evaluated the inclusion or not (CON) of 10 g / day of oregano (OE) extract (Origanum vulgare) or 5 g / day of green tea extract (GT) (Camellia sinensis L.) in the diet provided to 24 Jersey cows with BW of 441 ± 27 kg, 3.5 ± 0.3 points of BCS and with 2.7 ± 1.8 lactations. Cows that received OE tended to consume more than CON after calving. Before calving, cows OE tended to spend less time in decubitus and to ingest the concentrate in less time than GT. After calving, OE caused faster concentrate intake in relation to CON and GT. After calving, the number of total visits to the trough was lower when OE was used in relation to CON and GT, but cows that ingested GT visited the trough with feeding activity more often and tended to interact less in relation to cows that ingested EO. The use of the extracts did not influence the occurrence of diseases and metabolic disorders. In the second trial, 36 Holstein, Gir and Gyrolando F1 (½ Holstein and ½ Gir) nulliparous cows, with BW of 715 ± 64.5 kg, 4.2 ± 0.3 points of BCS and with 4.1 ± 0.4 years of age were distributed (6 cows from each racial composition) in two nutritionl plans with allowance of 1.89% or 1.69% of BW of feed (based on dry meter) during pre calving period. Dry matter intake was higher in pre and post calving for Holstein cows than the others, and it was higher in some days near the calving for 1.69% plan compared with 1.89% plan. Before calving, cows the 1.69% plan remained longer in the trough and tended to spend longer at the trough with feeding activity in relation to 1.89% plan. Holstein cows tended to stay longer in each visit with feeding at the trough and ingested more at each visit than the others before and after calving. The occurrence of diseases and metabolic disorders was not influenced by the nutritional plans but the Holstein cows showed more dystocia and clinical diseases compared to the others. Nutritional plans change the way the animals distributed their feed activities and influenced social behavior. The adoption of different nutritional plans during the period of transition modify aspects of dairy cow’s behavior and intake without affecting the occurrence of diseases.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-15T19:31:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Renata Napolis Fonte.pdf: 2644583 bytes, checksum: c2421580b82f9265d2881382fabdf85d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T19:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Renata Napolis Fonte.pdf: 2644583 bytes, checksum: c2421580b82f9265d2881382fabdf85d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / CAPES / Corn seed storage is a vital phase, in order to maintain high seed germination and vigor from harvest until planting. There is not many studies dedicated to find substitutes to synthetic fungicides and inseticides. The present study aimed evaluate effects of using plant extracts, diatomaceous powder and a synthetic fungicide, wich main active is captan, associated with osmo and hydropriming in corn (Zea mays L.) seed treatment and storage. Vegetal extracts of pepper (Piper nigrum), garlic (Allium sativum) e tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) were used, chosen after being reported as owner of antimicrobial properties. Diatomaceous powder has been being used successfully in small farms, basically because it is composed mainly of silica, wich causes dehydration and death of insects of Sitophilus gender, commonly called ?carunchos?. Priming seeds comprehends controlled exposion of water, wich brings positive effects. Three experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, all products were used in the form of powder, in seeds storaged in polyethylene (PET) bottles for ten months. In the second experiment the products were used associated with osmopriming, drying back to a water content near 10%, and the seeds were storaged in PET bottles for 8 months. In the third experiment, all products were used associated with hydropriming, dried back to a water content near 10%, and the seeds were storaged for 8 months. Evaluations were made every two months, measuring the seeds quality through germination test, germination speed index, seedlings length, weight, water content and blotter test during storage period. First experiment was outlined using a factorial design 6x6 (6 products: pepper, garlic and tobacco extracts, diatomaceous powder, synthetic fungicide and control e 6 storage periods: at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 months). Second and third experiments were outlined using a factorial design 6x5 (6 products and 5 storage periods). Statistical analisys was performed by Sisvar software, storage periods were analysed using regression and products were submitted to Tukey test (p<0,05). It was observed a reduction in physiological quality of seeds with the advancement of storage, in all experiments performed. The use of the powder pepper extract resulted in the greatest % of germination and first germination count found. Garlic extract associated with osmopriming in seeds treatment resulted in higher values of seeds germinated at the end of storage. The hydropriming associated with the pepper extract resulted in higher values of germination speed index, length of seedlings and seedling dry weight. Regarding sanitary quality, the most frequently found were species of the genera Rhizopus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Fungicide resulted in better control of these pathogens in most analysis, but was overcome by the use of garlic extract associated with osmopriming in control of Rhizopus and Penicillium and was similar to the use of diatomaceous earth and tobacco extract associated with hydropriming in control of Rhizopus. / O armazenamento de sementes de milho ? uma etapa crucial do processo de produ??o e quase sempre obrigat?ria, considerando a diferen?a entre a ?poca de colheita e semeadura posterior. Na produ??o de sementes em cultivo org?nico, n?o existe abund?ncia de trabalhos que estudem alternativas ao uso de inseticidas e funcigidas sint?ticos. O presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos de extratos vegetais, terra diatom?cea e funcigida comercial com captana como princ?pio ativo associados ao condicionamento fisiol?gico no tratamento e armazenamento de sementes de milho (Zea mays L.). Os extratos usados foram de pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.), alho (Allium sativum L.) e tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), detentores de propriedades antimicrobianas. A terra diatom?cea ? usada com sucesso no armazenamento de sementes na agricultura familiar, no controle de insetos do g?nero Sitophilus, comumente chamados de ?carunchos?. O condicionamento fisiol?gico engloba um conjunto de t?cnicas, que envolvem a exposi??o das sementes ? embebi??o controlada de ?gua, com benef?cios para seu armazenamento. Foram realizados 3 experimentos. No primeiro foram usados os extratos bot?nicos e a terra diatom?cea em p?, em sementes armazenadas em garrafas de polietileno (PET) por dez meses. No segundo, foram usados os mesmos produtos via osmocondicionamento, com posterior secagem at? as sementes atingirem teores de ?gua pr?ximos a 10% e armazenamento por 8 meses. No terceiro, os produtos foram usados via hidrocondicionamento, seguido de secagem at? teores pr?ximos de 10% de ?gua e armazenamento por 8 meses. Foram realizadas avalia??es sobre a qualidade fisiol?gica (testes de germina??o, velocidade de germina??o, comprimento de pl?ntula, massa seca de pl?ntulas e teor de ?gua) e sanit?ria (blotter test) a cada dois meses durante o per?odo de armazenamento. O primeiro experimento foi delineado em esquema fatorial 6x6 (6 produtos: extrato de pimenta-do-reino, alho e tabaco, terra diatom?cea, fungicida comercial e testemunha ? nenhum produto e 6 pontos de avalia??es durante os dez meses de armazenamento). O segundo e terceiro experimento foram delineados em esquema fatorial 6x5 (6 produtos e 5 pontos de avalia??es durante os 8 meses de armazenagem). Os dados foram submetidos ? an?lise estat?stica no programa Sisvar, usando regress?o para per?odos de armazenamento e teste Tukey (p<0,05) para produtos. Foi observada redu??o da qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes com o armazenamento em todos os experimentos realizados. O uso do extrato de pimenta-do-reino em p? resultou nas maiores porcentagens de germina??o e primeira contagem da germina??o. O extrato de alho associado ao osmocondicionamento resultou nos maiores valores de sementes germinadas ao final do armazenamento. O hidrocondicionamento associado ao extrato de pimenta-do-reino resultou nos maiores valores de ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o, comprimento de pl?ntulas e massa seca de pl?ntulas. Em rela??o ? qualidade sanit?ria, foram encontrados com maior frequ?ncia esp?cies dos g?neros Rhizopus, Penicillium e Fusarium. O fungicida apresentou melhores resultados no controle desses pat?genos, na maioria das avalia??es, por?m, foi superado pelo uso do extrato de alho associado ao osmocondicionamento no controle de Rhizopus e Penicillium e foi similar ao uso de terra diatom?cea e extrato de fumo associados ao hidrocondicionamento no controle de Rhizopus.

Orientador: James Venturini / Resumo: A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é micose sistêmica causada por fungos do gênero Paracoccidioides; suas principais formas clínicas são aguda/subaguda e crônica (FC). Apesar do tratamento antifúngico ser eficaz, a maioria dos paciente com a FC da doença apresentam sequelas, incluindo fibrose pulmonar. Sabe-se que o estabelecimento da fibrose na PCM é um processo precoce e sua relação com o tratamento antifúngico não é bem esclarecido. As plantas possuem o chamado metabolismo secundário e, portanto, são utilizadas para fins terapêuticos desde os primórdios. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar novos candidatos terapêuticos com propriedades anti-fibróticas frente a fibroblastos pulmonares humanos a partir de espécies do gênero Piper, Peperomia, Davilla, Eugenia e Silybum. Além de avaliar o efeito da associação da silimarina ao antifúngico cotrimoxazol (CMX) em modelo experimental murino da PCM. Nossos resultados demonstraram potencial pró-fibrótico das espécies Piper aduncum, Piper gaudichaudianum e Piper arboreum, induzindo maior produção de pró-colágeno I em fibroblastos pulmonares humanos. Entretanto, o alcaloide/amida comumente isolado do gênero Piper, a piplartina, apresentou potencial anti-fibrótico, reprimindo a produção de pró-colageno 1. Além de verificarmos que a associação da silimarina e CMX exibe um potencial antifibrótico e uma resposta pró Th1. Por outro lado, a silibinina isolada, componente majoritário da silimarina, não apresentou diferença quanto a p... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is systemic mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides; its main clinical forms are acute/subacute and chronic (CF). Although antifungal therapy is effective, most patients with CF suffer from sequelae, including pulmonary fibrosis. It is known that the establishment of fibrosis in PCM is an early process and its relation to antifungal treatment is not well understood. Plants have the secondary metabolism and have been used for therapeutic purposes since the earliest. In this context, the present study aims to identify new therapeutic candidates with antifibrotic properties against human pulmonary fibroblasts from species of the genus Piper, Peperomia, Davilla and Eugenia. In addition to evaluating the effect of silimarine in association with CMX in murine experimental model of PCM. Our results demonstrated the pro-fibrotic potential of the species P. aduncum, P. gaudichaudianum and P. arboreum, inducing greater pro-collagen I production in human lung fibroblasts. However, the compound isolated piplartine presented antifibrotic potential, upregulating the production of pro-collagen 1. In addition, we find that the association of silymarin the herbal antifungal CMX demonstrated antifibrotic potential and a response pro Th1. However, isolated silibinin does not presented difference of production of pro-collagen 1. Our results are promising, as they demonstrate for the first time the protective effect of piplartine on pulmonary fibrosis an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Infectious diarrhoea is the second largest single cause of mortality in children under the age of five globally. Bacteria are responsible for most diarrhoeal episodes especially in developing countries, and progressive increase in antimicrobial resistance has given rise to the need to investigate other sources of therapy such as medicinal plants. Ten plant extracts were analysed for their antimicrobial activities using the agar well diffusion and broth microdilution method. Their phytochemical contents were screened, and their effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to assess their antioxidant activities. Their toxicity profiles were evaluated using the XTT Cytotoxicity Assay. Water and methanol extracts of Adansonia digitata v ABSTRACT Infectious diarrhoea is the second largest single cause of mortality in children under the age of five globally. Bacteria are responsible for most diarrhoeal episodes especially in developing countries, and progressive increase in antimicrobial resistance has given rise to the need to investigate other sources of therapy such as medicinal plants. Ten plant extracts were analysed for their antimicrobial activities using the agar well diffusion and broth microdilution method. Their phytochemical contents were screened, and their effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to assess their antioxidant activities. Their toxicity profiles were evaluated using the XTT Cytotoxicity Assay. Water and methanol extracts of Adansonia digitata seeds and pulp showed no inhibition against all the test organisms, while water and methanol extracts of A. digitata leaves showed inhibition, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.39 to 6.25mg/ml. Water and methanol extracts of Garcinia livingstonei and Sclerocarya birrea barks showed good activity against all the test organisms, with MICs between 0.39 and 1.56 mg/ml. Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids were found in one or more of the plant extracts, and all the plant extracts demonstrated scavenging power against DPPH.The cytotoxicity of extracts of Garcinia livingstonei, and Sclerocarya birrea barks ranged between 105.9 μg/ml and 769.9 μg/ml. The results obtained in this study validate the traditional use of A. digitata leaves, G. livingstonei and S. birrea bark in treating bacteria causing diarrhoea. / Life Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2006. / Includes appendix pages: [42]-63. Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 39-41)

Thesis--Zürich. / "Arbeiten unter Leitung von Privatodozent Prof. Dr. H. E. Sigerist in Zürich."--head of title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1967. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-58).

M. Tech. Chemistry. / Investigates the methods of preparing verbascoside-rich plant extracts, identifying viable sources of the compound and evaluating its stability under various conditions. Leaf extracts of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) were partially purified using column chromatography and high speed centrifugal countercurrent chromatography.