No description available.

Survival and growth of two oak species, water oak (Quercus nigra) and swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), and three planting stocks: 1-0 bareroot, conventional containerized, and EKOgrownTM seedlings were compared for two growing seasons. Conventional containerized seedlings had the best survival. Bareroot seedlings had the second highest survival and EKOTM seedlings had the lowest at the end of two growing seasons. Conventional containerized planting stock exhibited greater groundline diameter (GLD) growth for both species at the end of the first growing season compared to bareroot and EKOTM planting stock. Bareroot seedlings had similar GLD growth to EKOTM seedlings for both years. Conventional containerized seedlings height differed in water oak but did not differ in swamp chestnut oak at the end of year two compared to bareroot seedlings. EKOTM seedlings exhibited severe dieback at the end of both growing seasons and the least amount of height growth.

The effects of cultural intensity (operational and intensive) and planting densities (741, 1483, 2224, and 2965 ha-1) on modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and specific gravity (SG) of small clear samples obtained from 15 and 16 year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) from the Lower Coastal Plain and Piedmont region of the southeastern United State were examined. Planting density and distance from pith showed a significant (p < 0.0001) and strong main effect on stiffness (MOE) and strength (MOR) for the samples. Regardless of planting density, MOE, MOR and SG of samples increased significantly from pith toward bark. A significant culture × density interaction (p < 0.0001) was observed for the samples obtained from the Lower Coastal Plain. The project also determined the feasibility of measuring microfibril angle (MFA) on solid wood loblolly pine samples using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy with the angle analyzed using image analysis. Measurements of MFA revealed minor differences (5⁰) between juvenile wood and mature wood.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The study "Distance between rows and plants in two ecotypes of canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) in the northern Altiplano" was conducted during the agricultural period of 1999-2000 in the community of Achaca, Tiahuanaco canton, Ingavi province, department of La Paz, Bolivia. It was at 3854 meters above sea level, 16°35' South latitude by 68°41' West longitude. Precipitation was 474.6 mm and the soil was a loose sandy texture. The genetic material was composed of the ecotypes of yellow Lasta, red Lasta, yellow Saihua, and red Saihua, from the Belén Experimental Station, part of the Faculty of Agronomy, San Andrés Higher University. With the objective to evaluate the effect of distance between rows and between plants on the agronomic behavior of two ecotypes of Canihua in the northern Altiplano, planting took place on December 20, 1999, in rows 20, 40, and 60 cm apart, at a density of 4 kg/ha, all of it under a random block design with plots sub-subdivided. The principal plot set the distance between rows, the subplot set the distance between plants, and the sub-subplot the different ecotypes. Thirty-five days after planting the plants were thinned by hand, and with the use of a cord they were located at pre-established distances of 10, 20, and 30 cm between plants. The effects of the different distances on the ecotypes gave the following results and principal conclusions: The height and stem width of canihua was directly proportional to the different distances between plants and rows, and inversely proportional to the number of plants per area. The maximum values reached for height (21.4 cm) and diameter (2.5mm) occurred with 60 cm between rows and 101,852 plants per hectare. Also, the yellow Saihua ecotype was taller than the rest of the ecotypes at 19.1 cm. As for diameter, the ecotypes presented statistically similar behavior.

Note:

No description available.