Thesis (M. A. (Agricultural Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Field experiments were conducted at two locations; University of Limpopo (Syferkuil) and University of Venda (Thohoyandou) during 2015 and 2016 winter cropping seasons. The objectives of this study were to determine; the effect of genotype (ACC# 1, 3, 4 and 7) and planting density (33, 25 and 20 plants/m2) on four chickpea genotypes having contrasting growth patterns and also to determine the effect genotype and planting density on water use and water use efficiency of four chickpea genotypes having contrasting growth patterns. The experimental design was randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, grain yield and yield components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, Harvest Index and 100 seed weight [100-SW] and above ground biomass, and were determined at different growth stages. Data obtained was subjected to analyses of variance using the general linear model of Genstat 17th edition. Significant differences between the treatments means were compared using the standard error of difference (LSD) of the means at 5% level. Correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between parameters. Plant height varied with genotype from 41 cm (84 DAE) to 44 cm (118 cm) at Syferkuil and 41 (56 DAE) to 44 cm (63 DAE) at Thohoyandou. Primary branches was not significantly affected by genotype and planting density at both locations and seasons. Planting density had significant effect on number of secondary branches, greater number was recorded at low (32, 6) density at Syferkuil in 2016. Above ground biomass was significantly affected by planting density at Syferkuil during in 2015 (5344 kg ha-1) and 2016 (3701 kg ha-1) growing seasons. Genotype and planting density did not affect number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, 100 SW (100 seed weight), and Harvest index were not significant at both locations and seasons. Grain yield was significantly affected by planting density at Syferkuil in 2015 and Thohoyandou in 2016. Grain yield increased with the increase in planting density at both locations. Two field experiments were conducted at University of Venda (Thohoyandou) during 2015 and 2016 winter cropping seasons. This study aimed at assessing the effect of genotype v and planting density on water use efficiency of four chickpea genotypes with contrasting growth patterns. Crop water use (WU) was determined by monitoring soil water content at 7-day intervals using a neutron probe and, water use efficiency (WUE) was determined as a ratio of crop biomass and grain yield to WU. Genotype and planting density had no significant effect on WU in 2015 and 2016. Genotype and planting density had no significant effect on biomass production (WUEb) and grain yield production (WUEg) in 2015. In contrast, WUEb and WUEg was significantly affected by planting density in 2016. WUEb was 43.2% greater at high density compared to low density. Similarly, WUEg was 39.3% greater at high density compared to low density. WUEb and WUEg increased with the increase with planting density. Therefore, manipulation of management practices such as planting density may increase chickpea production. Keywords: Planting density, genotype, grain yield and yield components, water use efficiency. / National Research Foundation (NRF) and University of Venda Capacity Development

The relationship between volume production and stand density, often termed the 'growth-density relationship', has been studied since the beginnings of forestry and yet no conclusive evidence about a general pattern has been established. Throughout the literature claims and counterclaims concerning the growth-density relationship can be found. Different conclusions have been attributed to the diverse range of definitions of volume and stand density among problems with study design and other pitfalls. Using data from two thinning studies representing non-intensively and intensively managed plantations, one spacing trial, and one thinning experiment a comprehensive analysis was performed to examine the growth-density relationship in loblolly pine. Volume production was defined as either gross or net periodic annual increment of total, pulpwood, or sawtimber volume. These definitions of volume production were then related to seven measures of stand density including the number of stems per hectare, basal area per hectare, two measures relative spacing and three measures of stand density index. A generalized exponential and power type function was used to test the hypothesis that volume production follows either an increasing or unimodal pattern with stand density. These patterns were tested using all combinations of the six definitions of volume production and the seven measures of stand density. Significance of the parameters indicated that different patterns existed depending on the type of management (intensive vs. non-intensive), if thinning is performed, and depending on the definitions of growth and density. The growth-density pattern was generally the same between gross and net production although different patterns emerged when comparing total, pulpwood, and sawtimber volumes. The definitions of stand density which used diameter as a measure of average tree size were more highly correlated with volume production and produced similar patterns while the number of stems per hectare was the least correlated. Further analysis was performed to evaluate Langsaeter's hypothesis which states that volume production is constant and optimal across a wide range of stocking. A mixed-model approach was used to test the equality in mean volume production across a range of planting densities and thinning intensities. To account for the effects of age, the equality in mean volume production was tested separately across a range of ages from 8 to 25 years within the spacing trial data and across a range of one to six years since thinning within the thinning experiment. A multiple comparison test indicate that pattern of volume production and stocking is highly related to the two stages of self-thinning. In young stands, within the distance-independent mortality stage, volume production increases with increasing planting density and therefor increasing stocking. During the distance-dependent mortality stage the assumption of constant and optimal volume production across a wide range of stocking is generally correct. However when mortality began to reduce canopy closure to the point that the residual stand could not recover gaps in the canopy a decline in volume production occurred resulting in a decreasing relationship with increasing stocking. Finally, a system of equations were constructed to describe volume production at the individual tree and stand levels. From this model it was determined that stand level volume production follow an increasing pattern with stand density. / Ph. D.

Stand conditions influence the partitioning of biomass to stem, foliage, branch, and root components. Using data from 4 to 6-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees grown in a miniature-scale spacing trial, this study determined the effect of initial planting density on the biomass partitioning of loblolly pine. An analysis of covariance concluded that density did not have a significant effect on the relative amount of biomass in aboveground components.Some measures of partitioning tradeoffs (such as root: shoot ratio) showed a significant positive slope when regressed against trees per hectare. Systems of linear equations were developed based on tree measurements and age, and additivity was specified. By taking into account contemporaneous correlations among tree components, seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) methodologies led to efficient parameter estimates. When compared to studies with mature trees at operational scales, results from the miniature-scale trees showed similar trends. Stem and woody roots were 70 and 14% of total mass, respectively. Since these miniature-scale trees were physiologically young at time of harvest, allocation of mass to foliage continued to be a priority, occupying 10% of total mass. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Drehmer.pdf: 1462702 bytes, checksum: 7907dd5e2b6ced42d2e8deb5d0c94bd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / The bean crop yield can be substantially affected by row spacing and sowing density. Aiming to evaluate the effect of different plant populations and row spacing in the yield components and bean crop yield, there were four experiments, differing by cultivars type and sowing time in the city of Ponta Grossa, PR, in the years 2013 and 2014. The experimental design in both sowing time (water and dry) and two cultivars (IPR-Uirapuru and IPR-Tangara) was a randomized block in a factorial scheme (2 x 5), two spacing (22 and 45 cm between rows) with five densities (5, 8, 11, 14, 17 plants per row meter). It was evaluated the components of yield and yield of crop. In the first sowing time in both cultivars it was observed that the reduction of row spacing resulted in reducing the number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod, while the thousand grain weight was little affected by variations in arrangements population. In both cultivars yield differences were observed between seeding rates, however, only the cultivar IPR-Uirapuru had difference between the spacings. The yield was lower in the spacing of 45 cm between rows only in 5 plants per meter density. In the second sowing time the yield components and crop yield were affected by plant spacing, and this influence was less about the weight of a thousand grains. In the second sowing time was not observed yield differences for cultivars depending on the row spacing. At this time, only the IPR-Tangara showed yield differences between the plant densities. For both cultivars, in the first and the second sowing time, 11-14 plants per meter, which is the recommendation for culture, obtained the best yields, while reducing the spacing between rows did not offer benefits because it did not increase cultivars yields and require greater investment in seeds and possible machine adaptations for reduced spacing. The spacing and density of recommendations can be used in both sowing time. / A produtividade da cultura do feijão pode ser substancialmente afetada pelo espaçamento entre fileiras e a densidade de semeadura. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes densidades de semeadura e espaçamentos entre fileiras nos componentes de produção e na produtividade da cultura do feijão, realizaram-se quatro experimentos, diferindo pela cultivar e época de semeadura, no município de Ponta Grossa, PR, nos anos de 2013 e 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado nas duas épocas (águas e secas) e nas duas cultivares (IPR-Uirapuru e IPR-Tangará) foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (2 X 5),espaçamentos de 22,0 e 45,0 cm entre fileiras com densidades de 5, 8, 11, 14 e 17 plantas por metro de fileira. Foram avaliados os componentes da produção e a produtividade de grãos da cultura. Na primeira época de semeadura, em ambas as cultivares observou-se que a diminuição do espaçamento entre fileiras resultou na redução do número de vagens por planta e número de grãos por vagem, enquanto que a massa de mil grãos foi pouco afetada pelas variações de arranjos populacionais. Nas duas cultivares foram observadas diferenças de produtividade entre as densidades de semeadura, entretanto, somente na cultivar IPRUirapuru ocorreu diferença entre os espaçamentos, em que, a produtividade foi menor no espaçamento de 45 cm entre fileiras somente na densidade de cinco plantas por metro linear. Na segunda época de semeadura os componentes da produção e a produtividade foram afetados pelo arranjo de plantas, sendo que esta influência foi menor sobre a massa de mil grãos. Na segunda época de semeadura não foram observadas diferenças de produtividade para as cultivares em função do espaçamento entre fileiras. Nesta época, somente a cultivar IPR-Tangará apresentou diferença de produtividade entre as densidades de semeadura. Para as duas cultivares semeadas tanto na primeira quanto na segunda época, densidades de 11 a 14 plantas por metro linear, que é a recomendação para a cultura obtiveram as melhores produtividades, enquanto que a redução do espaçamento entre fileiras não ofereceu benefícios, pois não aumentou a produtividade das cultivares e exigiria um maior investimento em sementes e possíveis adaptações de máquinas para o espaçamento reduzido. As recomendações de espaçamento e densidade podem ser utilizadas tanto na primeira como na segunda época de cultivo.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-05T11:16:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Nilson Costa Rezende.pdf: 1161142 bytes, checksum: efc8ca5f40de89a345030c29f9450223 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T11:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Nilson Costa Rezende.pdf: 1161142 bytes, checksum: efc8ca5f40de89a345030c29f9450223 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / The study was conducted at the Integrated State Center for Rural Education - CEIER, in ?guia Branca, the Northwest Region of the Esp?rito Santo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative and reproductive behavior of papaya plant "Golden Sunrise", for different densities of cultivation under organic production system. The design chosen to effect the implementation of the experiment was randomized blocks, with six treatments (1667, 2167, 2667, 3167, 3667 and 4167 plants.hectare-1) and four replications (blocks). The density plantas.hectare 1667 was adopted as a control, the traditional crops of papaya 'Solo' group. Regarding the vegetative behavior planting density promoted in papaya plant: greater height, following a quadratic regression model; smaller diameter of the trunk, following a quadratic regression model; negatively affected the amount of leaves dropped by papaya plant, following a linear regression model; the presence of active photosynthetic leaves, following a quadratic regression model; the length of the leaves of papaya, following a quadratic regression model and leaf area, following a logarithmic regression model. In terms of floral behavior planting density did not affect the number of fruits and carpelloid pentandric and negatively influenced the number of perfect hermaphrodites fruits, following a quadratic regression model. Finally, for fruit production the density negatively influenced the number and weight of marketable fruit, following a quadratic regression model; positively the productivity of commercial fruits, following a quadratic regression model; the number of discarded fruits (out of commercial standard); negatively length and thickness of the fruit, following a quadratic regression model; negatively diameter of the fruit, following a logarithmic regression model and did not affect the number of seeds per fruit. / O estudo foi conduzido, no Centro Estadual Integrado de Educa??o Rural ? CEIER, situado no munic?pio de ?guia Branca, Regi?o Noroeste do Estado do Esp?rito Santo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento vegetativo e reprodutivo do mamoeiro ?Sunrise Golden?, em rela??o a diferentes densidades de cultivo, sob sistema org?nico de produ??o. O delineamento escolhido para efetuar a implanta??o do experimento foi o de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (1667, 2167, 2667, 3167, 3667 e 4167 plantas.hectare-1) e quatro repeti??es (blocos). A densidade de 1667 plantas.hectare foi adotada como controle, tradicional nos cultivos de mamoeiro do grupo ?Solo'. Com rela??o ao comportamento vegetativo o adensamento de plantio promoveu nos mamoeiros: maior altura, seguindo um modelo de regress?o quadr?tico; menor di?metro do tronco, seguindo um modelo de regress?o quadr?tico; afetou de forma negativa a quantidade de folhas lan?adas pelos mamoeiros, seguindo um modelo de regress?o linear; a presen?a de folhas fotossinteticamente ativas, seguindo um modelo de regress?o quadr?tico; o comprimento das folhas dos mamoeiros, seguindo um modelo de regress?o quadr?tico e a ?rea foliar, seguindo um modelo de regress?o logar?tmica. Em termos de comportamento floral o adensamento de plantio n?o afetou o n?mero de frutos pent?ndricos e carpeloides e influenciou negativamente o n?mero de frutos hermafroditas perfeitos, seguindo um modelo de regress?o quadr?tico. Finalmente, para produ??o de frutos o adensamento influenciou negativamente o n?mero e o peso dos frutos comercializ?veis, seguindo um modelo de regress?o quadr?tico; positivamente a produtividade dos frutos comercializ?veis, seguindo um modelo de regress?o quadr?tico; o n?mero de frutos descartados (fora do padr?o comercial); negativamente o comprimento e espessura dos frutos, seguindo um modelo de regress?o quadr?tico; negativamente o di?metro dos frutos, seguindo um modelo de regress?o logar?tmico e n?o influenciou o n?mero de sementes por fruto.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana_de_Jesus_Silva_Davi.pdf: 2712919 bytes, checksum: 9af947f2bdd1f277be5274ffa0e2819e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four plant spacing, associated with four systems of tip pruning, yield and quality of tomato fruit in the system of organic production in protected environment. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment, in the Sector of Organic Culture of the Experimental Station Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), in the city of Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, in the period November of 2008 until April of 2009. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block, in project of parcels split-split plot design in the space, with four repetitions. The treatments had been constituted by the combination of four plant spacing (0,2, 0,3, 0,4 and 0,5 m), in the plot, with four tip pruning (3, 4, 5 and 6 clusters for plant), in split plot , and six clusters (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 clusters in the plant), in split-split plot. The seedlings of the hybrid of tomato Alambra were transplanted on the 26th day after the sowing (DAS). The harvest began at 64 th days after transplanting (DAT) and finished on 119 th DAT. The following parameters were evaluated: fruit mass marketable and total for plant, fruit number marketable and total for plant, fruit individual mass marketable and total, fruit yield marketable and total, longitudinal diameter of normal fruits, transversal diameter of normal fruits, percentage of abnormal fruits, soluble solid text, pH, titratable acidity, height of plants and stem diameter. The data were subjected to analysis of variance of linear models to verify the significance of the effects of plant spacing, tip pruning, cluster and their interactions. Considering the conditions where the experiment was developed it can conclude that the fruits of the first clusters of the plant have a higher mass of fruit, independent of the tip pruning and adopted spacing; the tip pruning after the third cluster reduces marketable yield of tomato fruits, the plant spacing of 0,2 and 0.3 m provide higher total yield, and the tip pruning and planting density have a variable effect on fruit quality of tomato / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o efeito de quatro espaçamentos entre plantas, associados a quatro sistemas de poda apical, na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos de tomateiro, no sistema de produção orgânica, sob cultivo protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, no Setor de Cultivo Orgânico da Estação Experimental Prof. Dr. Antônio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa, da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, no Município de Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, no período novembro de 2008 a abril de 2009. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas no espaço, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de quatro espaçamentos entre plantas (0,2, 0,3, 0,4 e 0,5 m), na parcela, com quatro podas apicais (3, 4, 5 e 6 cachos por planta), na subparcela, e seis cachos (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 cachos na planta), na subsubparcela. As mudas da cultivar Alambra foram transplantadas aos 26 dias após a semeadura (DAS). A colheita iniciouse aos 64 dias após o transplantio (DAT) e terminou aos 119 DAT. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: massa de fruto comerciável e total por planta, número de fruto comerciável e total por planta, massa individual de fruto comerciável e total, produtividade de fruto comerciável e total, diâmetro longitudinal de frutos normais, diâmetro transversal de frutos normais, porcentagem de frutos anormais, teor de sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável, altura de plantas e diâmetro de caule. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de modelos lineares para verificação da significância dos efeitos de espaçamento entre plantas, poda apical, cacho e suas respectivas interações. Considerando as condições em que o experimento foi desenvolvido pode se concluir que os frutos dos primeiros cachos da planta apresentam maior massa de frutos, independente da poda apical e espaçamento entre plantas adotado; a poda apical após o terceiro cacho reduz a produtividade comercial de frutos de tomateiro; os espaçamentos de 0,2 e 0,3 m entre plantas proporcionam maior produtividade total, e a poda apical e a densidade de plantio possuem efeito variável sobre a qualidade dos frutos do tomateiro

Thesis (M. Agricultural Management (Agronomy)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / A survey study identified indigenous leafy vegetables (ILVs) utilized by rural communities in Limpopo Province in the three districts of Capricorn, Sekhukhune and Vhembe focusing on their availability, agronomic practices, marketing, medicinal and cultural roles, as well as their nutritional value. An ILV that was highly preferred and with good marketing potential was identified for further studies on its response to planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rate. A questionnaire survey was used to gather information about types of ILVs utilised, their production practices, marketing of ILVs and their importance in medicinal and cultural roles. Data collected were subjected to analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) using descriptive statistics. Results showed that there were 45 different types of ILVs identified from the three districts in Limpopo Province. Farmers indicated that cultivation of these vegetables was mostly done from October to January in Sekhukhune and Capricorn district while in Vhembe it was practiced all year round. Most of farmers in Vhembe district used inorganic fertilizer during planting while farmers in Sekhukhune and Capricorn districts used organic fertilizers such as cattle manure. Irrigation was commonly used in Vhembe district through furrow irrigation system whereas in Capricorn and Sekhukhune districts most farmers relied on rainfall. Farmers indicated that harvesting was done at an early growing stage of the crop. Indigenous leafy vegetables were mostly marketed in local communities. Several ILVs were identified as preferred and regularly consumed as vegetables. Spider plant (Cleome gynandra) and nightshade (Solanum retroflexum) were identified as the most consumed ILVs in the three districts. Comparing the market potential of the two vegetables, S. retroflexum was chosen for further studies on its response to plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rate. The first study investigated the effect of varying plant density (inter and intra-row spacing) and the second study evaluated the response of intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer (LAN-28%N) rate on growth and yield of S. retroflexum during 2014 (April to May) and 2015 (March to May) growing seasons. The plant density experiment was laid out as a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment factors were 3 inter-row spacings of 30, 45 and 60 cm and 4 intra-row spacings of vi 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 cm. The data collected included plant height, plant vigour, number of leaves and branches per plant as well as plant leaf yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STATISTIX 10.0 package and mean treatments were separated using Turkey HSD at 5% probability level. The results revealed that growth parameters (plant height, plant vigour, number of branches and leaves) and plant leaf yield were significantly influenced by the combined inter and intra-row spacings. Closer inter-row spacings of 30 cm and 45 cm, and intra-row spacings of 7.5 and 15 cm produced the highest values of parameters and plant leaf yield. The combined spacings of 30 x 7.5 cm produced the highest plant leaf yield. The second study was also laid out as a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were 6 x 2 factorial arrangement: 6 levels of nitrogen (LAN-28%N) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N/ha and two intra-row spacings of 15 and 30cm. Inter-row spacing of 30 cm was used. The nitrogen fertilizer was applied a week after transplanting and repeated a week after first harvesting. Data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STATISTIX 10.0 package. Where significant differences were detected, means were separated using Turkey HSD at 5% propability level. The results suggested that both nitrogen fertilizer and spacing can be used to enhance growth and leaf yield of S. retroflexum vegetable. Nitrogen fertilizer rate and plant density significantly (P≤0.05) affected plant growth and plant leaf yields. Growth parameters and leaf yield were optimised using closer spacing of 15 cm and applying nitrogen at 60 kg N/ha. The application of 60 kg N/ha and 15 cm spacing was therefore recommended for the production of S. retroflexum as a vegetable, if planted at 30 cm inter-row spacing. Key words: Indigenous leafy vegetables, agronomic practices, Solanum retroflexum, planting density, nitrogen fertilizer, planting date

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Igor Barbosa eSilva1.pdf: 1206166 bytes, checksum: 78971285dabe0a0f99a49bed9359d32b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Planting density is associated with management practices and competition for water, light, and nutrients, and consequently with crop growth. The study was carried out in 2006 in Baraúna-RN, Brazil, in order to characterize Atlantis green pepper growth at various spatial arrangements (1.5 m × 0.5 m; 1.6 m × 0.4 m; and 1.7 m × 0.3 m) and row spacings (0.2 m; 0.3 m; 0.4 m; and 0.5 m), arranged in a factorial combination. Nine growth assessment seasons (spaced 14 days apart, with the first performed 14 days after transplanting, DAT) were organized in split-plots. A completely randomized block design with three replicates was used. Increases were observed until 126 DAT in plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry matter (LDM), stem dry matter (SDM), fruit dry matter (FrDM), and total dry matter (TDM) of theabove-ground part, and absolute growth rate (AGR); however, continuous reductions were observed in net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), and leaf area (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR). Plant arrangement did not influence green pepper growth. Alterations in PH, LA, RGR, LWR, and LAR did not depend on row spacing; however row spacing influenced LDM, SDM, FrDM, and TDM, LAI, and AGR. Increased row spacing reduced PH, LAI, and LAR, and increased LA, LDM, SDM, FrDM, TDM, AGR, and NAR, but did not influence RGR and LWR. As spacing increases, the proportions of leaf dry mass and especially stem dry mass tend to decrease, while fruit dry mass tends to increase. When considering the period of initial fruit formation alone, the fruit dry mass proportions at row spacings of 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; and 0.5 m were 30.6%, 37.0%, 36.9%, and 36.5%, respectively / A densidade de plantio está associada aos tratos culturais e à competição por água, luz e nutrientes e, portanto, ao crescimento da cultura. O trabalho foi realizado em 2006 em Baraúna- RN, com o objetivo de caracterizar o crescimento de pimentão Atlantis em arranjos espaciais (1,5 m x 0,5 m; 1,6 m x 0, 4 m e 1,7 m x 0,3 m) e espaçamentos na fileira (0,2 m; 0,3 m; 0,4 m e 0,5 m), combinados em esquema fatorial. As nove épocas de avaliação do crescimento (espaçadas por 14 dias, sendo a primeira realizada aos 14 dias após o transplantio, DAT) foram dispostas em parcelas subdivididas. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Existiu aumento, até os 126 DAT, da altura da planta (AP), área foliar (AF), índice de área foliar (IAF), massa secas de folhas (MSF), caule (MSC), frutos (MSFr) e total (MST) da parte aérea e da taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), mas redução contínua das taxas assimilatória líquida (TAL), de crescimento relativo (TCR), e das razões de área foliar (RAF) e de peso foliar (RPF). O arranjo de plantas não influenciou o crescimento do pimentão. As alterações em AP, AF, TCR, RPF, e RAF são independentes do espaçamento, entretanto o espaçamento influenciou MSF, MSC, MSFr e MST, IAF e TCA. O aumento do espaçamento reduziu a AP, IAF, e RAF, e aumentou a AF, MSF, MSC, MSFr, MST, TCA e TAL mas não influenciou a TCR e a RPF. Com o aumento do espaçamento, a proporção de massa seca das folhas e, especialmente do caule, tende a diminuir e a de frutos, a aumentar. Quando se considerou apenas o período de início da formação dos frutos as proporções de massa seca dos frutos nos espaçamentos 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5 m foram de 30,6%, 37,0%, 36,9% e 36,5%, respectivamente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Igor Barbosa eSilva1.pdf: 1206166 bytes, checksum: 78971285dabe0a0f99a49bed9359d32b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Planting density is associated with management practices and competition for water, light, and nutrients, and consequently with crop growth. The study was carried out in 2006 in Baraúna-RN, Brazil, in order to characterize Atlantis green pepper growth at various spatial arrangements (1.5 m × 0.5 m; 1.6 m × 0.4 m; and 1.7 m × 0.3 m) and row spacings (0.2 m; 0.3 m; 0.4 m; and 0.5 m), arranged in a factorial combination. Nine growth assessment seasons (spaced 14 days apart, with the first performed 14 days after transplanting, DAT) were organized in split-plots. A completely randomized block design with three replicates was used. Increases were observed until 126 DAT in plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry matter (LDM), stem dry matter (SDM), fruit dry matter (FrDM), and total dry matter (TDM) of theabove-ground part, and absolute growth rate (AGR); however, continuous reductions were observed in net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), and leaf area (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR). Plant arrangement did not influence green pepper growth. Alterations in PH, LA, RGR, LWR, and LAR did not depend on row spacing; however row spacing influenced LDM, SDM, FrDM, and TDM, LAI, and AGR. Increased row spacing reduced PH, LAI, and LAR, and increased LA, LDM, SDM, FrDM, TDM, AGR, and NAR, but did not influence RGR and LWR. As spacing increases, the proportions of leaf dry mass and especially stem dry mass tend to decrease, while fruit dry mass tends to increase. When considering the period of initial fruit formation alone, the fruit dry mass proportions at row spacings of 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; and 0.5 m were 30.6%, 37.0%, 36.9%, and 36.5%, respectively / A densidade de plantio está associada aos tratos culturais e à competição por água, luz e nutrientes e, portanto, ao crescimento da cultura. O trabalho foi realizado em 2006 em Baraúna- RN, com o objetivo de caracterizar o crescimento de pimentão Atlantis em arranjos espaciais (1,5 m x 0,5 m; 1,6 m x 0, 4 m e 1,7 m x 0,3 m) e espaçamentos na fileira (0,2 m; 0,3 m; 0,4 m e 0,5 m), combinados em esquema fatorial. As nove épocas de avaliação do crescimento (espaçadas por 14 dias, sendo a primeira realizada aos 14 dias após o transplantio, DAT) foram dispostas em parcelas subdivididas. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Existiu aumento, até os 126 DAT, da altura da planta (AP), área foliar (AF), índice de área foliar (IAF), massa secas de folhas (MSF), caule (MSC), frutos (MSFr) e total (MST) da parte aérea e da taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), mas redução contínua das taxas assimilatória líquida (TAL), de crescimento relativo (TCR), e das razões de área foliar (RAF) e de peso foliar (RPF). O arranjo de plantas não influenciou o crescimento do pimentão. As alterações em AP, AF, TCR, RPF, e RAF são independentes do espaçamento, entretanto o espaçamento influenciou MSF, MSC, MSFr e MST, IAF e TCA. O aumento do espaçamento reduziu a AP, IAF, e RAF, e aumentou a AF, MSF, MSC, MSFr, MST, TCA e TAL mas não influenciou a TCR e a RPF. Com o aumento do espaçamento, a proporção de massa seca das folhas e, especialmente do caule, tende a diminuir e a de frutos, a aumentar. Quando se considerou apenas o período de início da formação dos frutos as proporções de massa seca dos frutos nos espaçamentos 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5 m foram de 30,6%, 37,0%, 36,9% e 36,5%, respectivamente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV14MA159.pdf: 1086988 bytes, checksum: 248659d222e3c015da24398fbb0e1462 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity of rose cultivars Avalanche and Carola , of a White and red coloration, respectively, in three planting densities as well as the quality nd postharvest of the Carola , cultivar, in the city of Lages-SC. The experimente regardinf the planting density was implanted in january 2013, the State University of Santa catyarina (UDESC) campus, with spacing of 1.0 m between rows and 30, 40 and 50 cm between plants, making 168 m² of experimente in greenhouse. Along one year, 19 crops were performed in total. During harvest the stems were cut with the greatest possible length of stem, leaving a gem for the next shoot. The variables evaluated were: stem length (cm), length of flower bud (cm), fresh mass of flower (g), number of flowers per plant and flowers per m². the experimental delineation was a triple factorial 3x2x6 in randomizes vlocks with three planting densities, two cultivars of roses and six months of production, with four repetitions of 36 plants per experimental unit. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and subsequente multiple comparison of averages using the Tukey testa t 5%. The spacing of 30 cm between plants produced a bigger productivity per m² for both cultivars. There was also na increase in the number of flowers per plant, mass and length of flower stem in december. For variable length of flower bud was a significance regarding the factors month of harvest and cultivate. The experimental postharvest of roses was implemented in March 2014, at the Laboratory of Food Technology, at the University of the State of Santa Catarina UDESC in Lages-SC. The experimente lasted 10 days. The evaluated variables were browning petals, turgor, curvature of the floral peduncle and flower opening. The experimental delineation was randomized blocks with five treatments as preservative solutions (sucreose, sucrose + citric acid, sucrose + citric acid + sodium hypochlorite: sucrose + citric acid + Rosemary oil and sucrose + citric acid + ginger oil) and four repetitions, with two flowers per experimental unit. The experimental data were analyzed by analysis of variance and subsequente multiple comparison of averages using theLSD test. There was no difference in the variables analyzed between treatments, ie, the roses preserved in a similar manner for 10 days in a cold room at 3° C / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade das cultivares de rosa Avalanche‟ e Carola‟, de coloração branca e vermelha, respectivamente, em três densidades de plantio bem como a qualidade e conservação pós-colheita da cultivar Carola‟, no município de Lages-SC. O experimento referente à densidade de plantio foi implantado em janeiro de 2013, no campus da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), com espaçamento de 1,0 m entre fileiras e de 30, 40 e 50 cm entre plantas, totalizando 168 m² de experimento em ambiente protegido. Foram realizadas ao todo 19 colheitas ao longo de um ano. Durante a colheita as hastes foram cortadas com o maior comprimento de haste possível, deixando uma gema para a próxima brotação. As variáveis avaliadas foram: comprimento de haste (cm), comprimento de botão floral (cm), massa fresca de flor (g), número de flores por planta e flores por m². O delineamento experimental utilizado foi um trifatorial 3x2x6 em blocos casualizados, com três densidades de plantio, duas cultivares de rosas e seis meses de produção, com quatro repetições de 36 plantas por unidade experimental. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de variância e subsequente comparação múltipla de médias, utilizando o teste de Tukey a 5%. O espaçamento de 30 cm entre plantas conferiu maior produtividade por m² para ambas as cultivares. Houve também aumento no número de flores por planta, massa de flor e comprimento de haste no mês de dezembro. Para a variável comprimento de botão floral houve significância com relação aos fatores mês de colheita e cultivar. O experimento de conservação pós-colheita de rosas foi implantado em março de 2014, no Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina UDESC, em Lages-SC. O experimento foi realizado durante 10 dias. As variáveis avaliadas foram escurecimento de pétalas, turgescência, curvatura do pedúnculo floral e abertura floral. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco soluções conservantes como tratamentos (sacarose; sacarose + ácido cítrico; sacarose + ácido cítrico + hipoclorito de sódio; sacarose + ácido cítrico + óleo de alecrim e sacarose + ácido cítrico + óleo de gengibre) e quatro repetições, com duas flores por unidade experimental. Os dados experimentais foram analisados pela análise de variância e subsequente comparação múltipla de médias, utilizando o teste LSD. Não houve diferença entre as variáveis analisadas entre tratamentos, ou seja, as rosas conservaram-se de forma semelhante durante 10 dias em câmara fria a 3ºC