As relações entre internet e política passam a ser, de forma crescente, campo das investigações sociológicas no Brasil. Em particular, a evolução das plataformas digitais tem implicações relevantes para as formas de engajamento dos cidadãos e para a participação política. O estudo de caso da wikicidade Portoalegre.cc apresentado nessa dissertação questionou em medida essa iniciativa de participação digital possibilitou a interação entre o governo local, os cidadãos e a empresa de tecnologia que desenvolveu o projeto, estabelecendo, assim, interfaces que efetivassem à criação e à mobilização de projetos colaborativos entre sociedade, mercado e Estado. Por meio da investigação em fontes documentais secundárias, em entrevistas semiestruturadas, no conteúdo gerado na plataforma e nas sistematizações provenientes da técnica de livre navegação no website, foram realizadas a descrição da plataforma como um construto tecnocultural e uma estrutura socioeconômica, bem como a caracterização das dimensões que a definem como uma iniciativa de participação digital. A partir desses esforços investigativos, identificou-se que os cidadãos-usuários participaram mais por demandas e opiniões sobre a ação estatal e sobre a condição urbana e menos por meio de proposições e de mobilizações representativas de práticas colaborativas conforme previa a proposta da plataforma. Sem contar, que a gramática relacional entre a esfera civil – circunscrita aos cidadãos-usuários envolvidos – e a Administração Municipal de Porto Alegre não caracterizou-se pela troca mútua. Nesse sentido, foi baixa a efetividade das potencialidades do mapeamento colaborativo, produzido por meio da plataforma Portoalegre.cc, para a materialização de projetos colaborativos entre atores sociais e atores estatais. Dentre outras razões, essa realidade contribuiu para a descontinuidade da iniciativa. / The relations between the internet and policy become increasingly field of sociological research in Brazil. The evolution of digital platforms has particulary important implications for civic engagement and political participation. The case study of Portoalegre.cc wikicity, dealt in this dissertation, evaluated in extent this initiative of digital participation enabled the interaction between the local government, citizens and the technology company that developed the project, thereby exploiting new forms of interfaces that had the creation and the mobilisation of collaborative projects between society, market and State. By analysis of secondary source documents, semi-structured interviews, platform’s generated content database and free navigation technique through the site , it has been described the platform as a techno-cultural construct and a socioeconomic structure, as well as it was characterized the dimensions that define as an initiative of digital participation. From these investigative efforts, it was identified that the citizens-users participated more by demands and opinions on the state action or on the urban condition and less to the proposition and the mobilisation of collaborative practices as envisaged in the proposal of the platform. Added to that, the relational grammar between the civil sphere - circumscribed to citizensusers involved - and the city government of Porto Alegre was not of mutual exchange. In this sense, the effectiveness of potential of collaborative mapping produced by means of platform Portoalegre.cc was low, having little impact for collaborative projects between social actors and state actors.Among other reasons, this reality has contributed to the discontinuity of the initiative.

A economia compartilhada é um sistema econômico baseado no compartilhamento de bens subutilizados, de forma gratuita ou por uma taxa. Com os adventos da internet, smartphones e Gps surgiram as plataformas digitais que se baseiam nesse conceito, em que se faz emergir a necessidade da compreensão de sua relação com mercados two-side. Tal expansão atingiu diversos setores da economia, e, ainda, criou nova demanda, como a plataforma Uber, o que, no entanto, gerou distúrbios no setor de táxis, tradicionalmente regulamentado e com ineficiências mundialmente reconhecidas. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa dissertação é entender o que são as plataformas digitais e analisar o caso especifico da empresa Uber, apresentando quais os principais fatores que permitiram que esse tipo de empresa surgisse; onde estamos, definindo o que é efetivamente a Uber e os serviços por ela prestado, abordando quais os ganhos de bem-estar proporcionados (excedente do consumidor) e problemas de regulamentação enfrentados; e para onde iremos, prospectando um caminho para a economia compartilhada a respeito das plataformas digitais em mercados two-side. / Shared economy is an economic system based on the share of underutilized goods free of charge or for a fee. With the advent of the internet, the digital platforms based on this concept have been developed, emerging the need of understanding its relationship with two-side markets. This expansion has reached various sectors of the economy, as well as created new demand, such as the Uber platform, which ,however, has generated disturbances in the taxi sector, traditionally regulated with its worldwide recognised inefficiencies. Thus, the goal of this dissertation is to understand what the digital platforms are and to analyse the specific case of Uber company, showing the main factors which allowed this type of business to arise; where we are, defining what Uber effectively is and the services provided by it, addressing the welfare gains provided (consumer surplus) and regulatory problems faced; and where we go, prospecting a path for the shared economy regarding the digital platforms in two-side markets.

La course à l'augmentation de la puissance de calcul qui se déroule depuis de nombreuses années entre les différents producteurs de matériel a depuis quelques années changé de visage: nous assistons en effet désormais à une véritable démocratisation des machines parallèles avec une complexification sans cesse croissante de la structure des processeurs. À terme, il est tout à fait envisageable de voir apparaître pour le grand public des architecture pleinement hétérogènes composées d'un ensemble de cœurs reliés par un réseau sur puce. La parallélisation et l'exécution parallèle d'applications sur les machines à venir soulèvent ainsi de nombreux problèmes. Parmi ceux-ci, nous nous intéressons ici au problème de l'ordonnancement d'un ensemble de tâches sur un ensemble de cœurs, c'est à dire le choix de l'affectation du travail à réaliser sur les ressources disponibles. Parmi les méthodes existantes, on distingue deux types d'algorithmes: en-ligne et hors-ligne. Les algorithmes en-ligne comme le vol de travail présentent l'avantage de fonctionner en l'absence d'informations sur le matériel ou la durée des tâches mais ne permettent généralement pas une gestion efficace des communications. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'ordonnancement de tâches en-ligne sur des plates-formes complexes pour lesquelles le réseau peut, par des problèmes de congestion, limiter les performances. Plus précisément, nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes d'ordonnancement en-ligne, basés sur le vol de travail, ciblant deux configurations différentes. D'une part, nous considérons des applications pour lesquelles le graphe de dépendance est connu à priori. L'utilisation de cette information nous permet ainsi de limiter les quantités de données transférées et d'obtenir des performances supérieures aux meilleurs algorithmes hors-ligne connus. D'autre part, nous étudions les optimisations possibles lorsque l'algorithme d'ordonnancement connaît la topologie de la plate-forme. Encore une fois, nous montrons qu'il est possible de tirer parti de cette information pour réaliser un gain non-négligeable en performance. Nos travaux permettent ainsi d'étendre le champ d'application des algorithmes d'ordonnancement vers des architectures plus complexes et permettront peut-être une meilleure utilisation des machines de demain. / The race towards more processing power between all different hardware manufacturers has in recent years faced deep changes. We see nowadays a huge development in the use of parallel machines with more and more cores and increasingly complex architectures. It seems now clear that we will witness in a near future the development of cheap Network On Chip computers. Executing parallel applications on such machines raises several problems. Amongst them we take in this work interest in the problem of scheduling a set of tasks on a set of computing resources. Between all existing methods we can generally distinguish on-line or off-line algorithms. On-line algorithms like work-stealing present the advantage to work without informations on hardware or tasks durations but do not generally achieve an efficient control of communications. In this book we take interest in on-line tasks scheduling on complex platforms where networking can impact (through congestion) performance. More precisely, we propose several new scheduling algorithms based on work-stealing targeting two different configurations. In a first study, we consider applications whose dependency graph is known in advance. By taking advantage of this information we manage to limit the amount of data transfered and thus to achieve high performance and even outperform the best known off-line algorithms. Concurrently to that, we also study possible optimisations in the case where knowledge of platform topology is available. We show again that it is possible to use this information to enhance performance. Our work allows therefore to extend the application field of scheduling algorithms towards more complex architectures and we hope will allow a better use of tomorrow's machine.

The dynamics of use and adoption of information on various online review platforms remain elusive and complex, indicating the importance of more research on electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and online consumer reviews (OCRs). Existing theoretical models do not fully explicate the role of the influential factors and their interrelations in information adoption. This research offers a more holistic model of information adoption. The Information Adoption Model (IAM) and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) are utilised as the theoretical foundations for the conceptual model while examining the factors that influence consumers' perceptions of and information adoption decisions from Independent and E-merchants' websites. Information usefulness is employed as a mediator. This research examines various COPs (consumer opinion platforms) by categorising consumers into four groups on the basis of their engagement behaviour and investigating their information adoption decisions. The research undertook quantitative methodology and conducted a survey on 635 respondents from Thailand. All hypotheses were developed and tested using data collected via an online questionnaire and were analysed with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), with multigroup analysis techniques. Additionally, the research used two step cluster analysis and identified four groups of consumers on the basis of their engagement behaviour Quicker, Explorer, Confidant and Passionate. The findings are 1) A positively significant relationship between information usefulness and information adoption has been approved 2) Consumer adopt different information adoption criteria for different types of COPs 3) Consumers' assessment of different factors of OCRs varies due to the difference in the level of online engagement. The results offer useful implications for marketers by identifying and analysing the criteria that consumers adopt from specific platforms and underlining the effect of the level of consumer engagement on information adoption of OCRs.

Heterogeneous platforms play an increasingly important role in modern computer systems. They combine high performance with low power consumption. From mobiles to supercomputers, we see an increasing number of computer systems that are heterogeneous. The most well-known heterogeneous system, CPU+GPU platforms have been widely used in recent years. As they become more mainstream, serving multiple tasks from multiple users is an emerging challenge. A good scheduler can greatly improve performance. However, indiscriminately allocating tasks based on availability leads to poor performance. As modern GPUs have a large number of hardware resources, most tasks cannot efficiently utilize all of them. Concurrent task execution on GPU is a promising solution, however, indiscriminately running tasks in parallel causes a slowdown. This thesis focuses on scheduling OpenCL kernels. A runtime framework is developed to determine where to schedule OpenCL kernels. It predicts the best-fit device by using a machine learning-based classifier, then schedules the kernels accordingly to either CPU or GPU. To improve GPU utilization, a kernel merging approach is proposed. Kernels are merged if their predicted co-execution can provide better performance than sequential execution. A machine learning based classifier is developed to find the best kernel pairs for co-execution on GPU. Finally, a runtime framework is developed to schedule kernels separately on either CPU or GPU, and run kernels in pairs if their co-execution can improve performance. The approaches developed in this thesis significantly improve system performance and outperform all existing techniques.

Open Source Design (OSD) é uma estratégia de desenvolvimento adotada por comunidades que desenvolvem produtos manufaturados colaborativamente, em um regime copyleft e rede peer to peer virtual. O resultado é um conjunto de informações capazes de permitir a fabricação remota em que o usuário pode construir o seu produto, ao invés de um sistema produtivo específico previamente definido, como no desenvolvimento tradicional. A tangibilidade e a distância física entre desenvolvedores impõem barreiras à colaboração, mas avanços como a tecnologia de impressão 3D fez surgir plataformas virtuais para o compartilhamento de arquivos que tornam esta realidade possível. O número deste tipo de plataformas é significativo e há problemas na delimitação teórica do fenômeno e questões em aberto. No desenvolvimento OSD faz-se necessário o uso de objetos de fronteira (Boundary Objects – BOs). Qual o papel destes objetos? Eles estão presentes nas plataformas citadas? As plataformas existentes possuem recursos para a gestão destes objetos? Quais as características que estas plataformas devem apresentar para viabilizar o desenvolvimento OSD? Este trabalho reúne um conjunto de investigações para elucidar as questões acima. Por meio de um estudo de caso inicial e revisões sistemáticas, os conceitos foram analisados e propostos teoricamente. Por meio de um levantamento de 686 projetos de seis comunidades OSD diferentes hospedadas na plataforma Thingiverse, auxiliado por uma análise de conteúdo sobre a relação entre plataforma e colaboração, em seis projetos de diferentes plataformas, foi possível discutir o papel das plataformas utilizadas por comunidades OSD. Discute-se a relação com o desempenho do projeto e com a colaboração alcançada, identificando-se problemas potenciais e soluções latentes. Os resultados indicam que as plataformas estudadas, entre as mais difundidas, apresentam limitações. Finalmente, por meio da análise conjunta dos resultados, à luz das práticas de gestão de configuração existentes no desenvolvimento tradicional, foi possível identificar uma lista de propriedades latentes, que poderiam ser incorporadas nas plataformas, como: estrutura do produto, versionamento, ferramentas de armazenamento e rastreabilidade, auditoria, controle da configuração e governança da interface. As propriedades identificadas são uma contribuição importante para a inserção em ferramentas de design colaborativo. / Open Source Design (OSD) is a strategy adopted by communities that develop collaboratively manufactured products in a copyleft conditions and on a peer to peer network. The result is a set of information that allow the remote manufacturing where the users can build their own products, despite of a specific productive system previously defined as the traditional development. The tangibility and the geographic distance among developers impose barriers on the collaboration, on the other hand technology breakthroughs in the 3D printer technology made arise virtual platforms to share files that made this reality achievable. The number of these types of platforms is increasing and there are difficulties to delimitating of the phenomenon and there are gaps that need investigation. Is required the use of BOs in OSD development? What is the role of these BOs? Are they used in the mentioned platforms? Do the current platforms have features to the management of BOs? Which features must these platforms have to make feasible the OSD development? This thesis gathers an amount of investigations to elucidate the questions above. Through an initial study of case and systematic revisions, the concepts were analyzed and theoretically proposed. There was collected information of 686 projects from 6 different OSD communities hosted on the Thingiverse platform; in complement a content analysis about the relation between the platform and collaboration in six projects of three different platforms, to discuss the role of the platforms used for OSD communities. It is discussed the relation between the performance project with the collaboration, identifying the potential problems and the latent solutions. The result indicates that the investigated platforms, even the most widespread, present limitations. Finally, using a combined analysis of the results, according to the practices of management configuration existent in the traditional development, it was possible to identify a list of features that could be incorporated in the platforms, such: product structure, versioning, storage tools and traceability, audits, control configuration, governance. The identified features are important contributions to the insertion in tools of collaborative design.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-26T20:58:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IsisMariaBastos.pdf: 2157525 bytes, checksum: b099bc646d99679c20468aa3455f9ed2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-26T20:58:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsisMariaBastos.pdf: 2157525 bytes, checksum: b099bc646d99679c20468aa3455f9ed2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 / This web society, or information society, has been a reflection of the transformations that have occurred because of the advances in technology. Education and learning have traveled innovative journeys and adopted diverse strategies in an effort to keep up with groundbreaking trends. The Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) developed from innovation and offer free online courses, available in various places and in different time frames. Due to the current nature of these themes, the goal of this study is to analyze the technical and pedagogical characteristics of MOOC courses; coming from national and international platforms based on the pedagogical model adopted by Behar (2009). It was decided that a descriptive-analytical research approach would be used; based on current literature and complemented by a systematic review of relevant national publishing between the years 2005 and 2016. It is hoped that the defining of categories and criteria used for analysis will contribute to the field by becoming a source for analysis and quality in the offer of national MOOC courses. The ultimate goal is that this information will be used as an effective tool for the development of different levels and types of education in Brazil. / Esta sociedade em rede ou sociedade da informação tem sido reflexo de todas as transformações ocorridas com os avanços tecnológicos. Consequentemente, a educação e a aprendizagem têm percorrido novos rumos e adotado diversas estratégias. Os Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) surgem com a oferta de cursos gratuitos e online para diversos lugares e em diferentes momentos. Devido à temática recente, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as características técnicas e pedagógicas dos cursos MOOC, com base num estudo em plataformas nacionais e internacionais, a partir da concepção do modelo pedagógico adotado por Behar (2009), buscando assim compreender como estes cursos se apresentam, sobretudo no que se refere às suas estruturas, analisando comparativamente no que se aproximam e no que se distanciam e analisar o desenho pedagógico de MOOC nacionais e internacionais, com foco nas suas características técnicas e pedagógicas para cursos online. Optou-se, assim, pela realização de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo-analítica, respaldada pela literatura vigente da área, e complementada por uma revisão sistemática da produção nacional no período de 2005 a 2016. Os resultados obtidos e a definição de categorias e critérios concebidos na análise das plataformas nacionais contribuíram para o conhecimento acerca da organização didático-pedagógica das plataformas, as quais ofertam cursos na modalidade MOOC no Brasil.

Considerando-se os design methods ou os métodos de projetação arquitetônica disponíveis, a presente dissertação aborda as gramáticas da forma (shape grammars) como sistema de simulação, geração e otimização de formas. Essas gramáticas podem combinar recursos descritivos e prescritivos para a solução de problemas de projeto, principalmente por meio da geração de tipos, padrões e famílias de projeto, destinados aos contextos do design industrial e da produção arquitetônica pré-fabricada. Particularmente, o manejo de gramáticas de projeto podem qualificar projetos, cujos programas envolvam uma reprodução em escala, em que se faz necessário criar variedade, flexibilidade e versatilidade construtiva. Este objeto de estudo compõe o arcabouço teórico essencial para uma reflexão a respeito de implementações computacionais e para a automação do projeto arquitetônico. Utilizando a base teórica e a reflexão resultante, esta pesquisa procura um rebatimento prático dos fundamentos teórico-conceituais implícitos, por meio de uma análise da linguagem e da gramática de projeto presentes na arquitetura Industrializada do arquiteto João Filgueiras Lima, o Lelé, focalizando suas primeiras escolas pré-fabricadas, construidas no período de 1983 a 1993. Espera-se, com isso contribuir para que arquitetos e usuários criem e compartilhem repertórios de projeto e de processos criativos, por meio de plataformas computacionais mais amigáveis à projetação arquitetônica, as quais tomem como base, sobretudo, as especificidades desse campo do conhecimento. / Considering the design methods and the architectural design methods available, this dissertation approaches shape grammars as a system of forms simulation, generation and optimization. These grammars can combine descriptive and prescriptive resources for solving project problems, mainly through the generation of project types, standards and families, in the contexts of industrial design and prefabricated architectural production. Particularly, the handling of project grammars can qualify projects whose programs involve a reproduction in scale, where variety, flexibility and constructive versatility are necessary. This object of study makes up the essential theoretical framework for a reflection on computational implementations and for the automation of an architectural project. Using the theoretical basis and the resulting reflection, this research aims at stimulating a practical debate on the implicit theoretical and conceptual foundations, through an analysis of the language and the project grammar present in architect João Filgueiras Lima (Lele)´s industrialized architecture, focusing on his first prefabricated schools, built during the period 1983-1993. We expect to offer some contribution to architects and users so they can create and share project repertoires and creative processes through friendlier computing platforms to architectural design, which should be based, mainly, on the particularities of this knowledge field.

A utilização racional e otimização de recursos energéticos é tema cada vez mais presente na indústria, e busca atender a critérios normativos e aspectos econômicos. Entre os métodos de análise utilizados para verificação e melhoria de eficiência energética, nas últimas décadas a Exergia vem se destacando como a ferramenta mais indicada para esse tipo de avaliação. Esse estudo realiza análise exergética em uma planta de processamento típica de uma plataforma do tipo FPSO operando em águas do litoral brasileiro. Atenção especial é dispensada à planta de compressão de gás, que possui sistema de remoção de CO2 do gás através de membranas. Conforme composição dos poços e/ou restrições operacionais, o fluxo de gás pode ser desviado do sistema de remoção de CO2, criando modos de operação. No modo de operação A todo gás do sistema de remoção de CO2 é desviado, de forma que seja possível apenas a injeção desse gás. O modo B utiliza plenamente o sistema de remoção de forma a permitir exportação máxima de gás. Já o modo de operação C trata parcialmente o gás através desse sistema, de forma a permitir exportação e injeção parciais de gás. Além dos modos de operação, são estudados também os efeitos da variação da vazão de gás exportado e da composição do petróleo (teor de CO2 e BS&W) no balanço exergético da plataforma. A combinação dessas três variáveis (modos de operação, vazão de gás exportado e composição do petróleo) representa 177 cenários de produção. O estudo desses cenários de produção por meio de determinados parâmetros (eficiência exergética, consumo específico de exergia, emissões de CO2, emissões específicas de CO2 e índice de renovabilidade exergética) permite verificar a influência de cada variável na performance da planta. / The rational use of energy resources is a theme increasingly discussed at the Industry, and the energetic optimization of processes is necessary in order to fulfill normative, as well as economic criteria. Among the analysis methods in use for verifying and improving the energetic efficiency, during last decades the Exergy has been highlighted as the most appropriated tool for these evaluations. This study performs exergetic analysis in a typical process plant in a FPSO operating in the brazilian shore waters. Special attention is given to the gas compression process plant, which has a CO2 membranes gas removal system. According to composition of well and/or operational restrictions, the gas flow can be deviated from the CO2 gas removal system, creating the operational modes. The operational mode A deviates all the gas from the CO2 gas removal system, allowing just its injection into the reservoir. The mode B uses entirely the CO2 removal system in a way that a maximum of gas exportation is possible. And the operational mode C treats partially the gas through the system, allowing partial exportation and re-injection of the gas. Besides the operational modes, the influence of export gas flow and well fluid composition (CO2 and BS&W content) in the exergy balance are also evaluated. The combination of these three variables (operational modes, export gas flow rate and well fluids composition) represents 177 production scenarios. The evaluation of these production scenarios affecting specific parameters (exergy efficiency, specific exergetic consumption, CO2 emissions, CO2 specific emissions and exergetic renewability index) allows to identify the importance of each variable in process plant performance.

This bachelor thesis gives insight to the reader on the 4P theory’s role in a company’s social media marketing. This is a multiple case study where the authors investigated how these two companies apply 4P theory in their social media marketing. Furthermore. social media has appeared through the era of digitalization which has become a tremendous phenomenon in a company’s marketing strategies. Therefore, there is a high competition among companies in order to attract customers through their social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter. In this thesis it is investigated of how companies applies the 4P theory in their social media. The research question of this thesis is as follows: How does a company apply 4P in its social media platforms? In order to answer the research question of this thesis, the authors have used existing theories on digitalization, the new 4P’s and the traditional 4P’s as well as empirical data in the form of semi structured interviews. The results showed that the 4P theory has an enormous role in these companies’ marketing in social media.