Denna uppsats kommer att undersö̈ka hur designen och anvä̈ndandet av mobildejtingtjä̈nsten Tinder har påverkat beteenden och normer gä̈llande nä̈tdejting bland unga vuxna i Sverige. Ett huvudsyfte är att undersöka hur olika interaktionsmekanismer i Tinder påverkar synen på nätdejting och potentiella partners. Vidare undersöker vi faktorer som skiljer Tinder från övriga nätdejtingtjänster, samt vilka normer som synliggörs genom användandet av Tinder. Genom en nätbaserad enkätundersökning kunde vi samla användarupplevelser och åsikter från användare av Tinder. Baserat på materialet från enkätundersökningen utförde vi tre fokusgrupper vars syfte var att fördjupa perspektiv unga vuxna hade gällande nätdejting och Tinder. Resultatet presenteras genom att analysera data från informanterna kombinerat med teorier om användarupplevelse (User Experience), affordanser, designkvalitéer, självrepresentation, spelifiering och marknadsmetaforer. Vi kunde se åtskilliga mekanismer associerade med spelifiering i Tinder gällande design och användarbeteende. Generellt verkar också Tinderanvändare reproducera rådande könsnormer i en annars neutral och minimalistisk design. Vidare fanns marknadsmetaforer gällande nätdejting i Tinder. Tinder tycks även ha tilltalat en ny målgrupp inom nätdejting, således ansedd avslappnad och jämbördig annan social media. Kopplingen till Facebook bidrar också till en ökad tillit för självrepresantationen bland Tinderanvändare. Slutligen ser vi att den svepcentrerade “ja-eller-nej-funktionaliteten” i Tinder verkar ha skapat en standard som kommer att påverka framtida dejtingtjänster och användarupplevelser. / This report aims to examine how the design and usage of the mobile dating application Tinder has affected behaviors and norms regarding online dating amongst young adults in Sweden. One main purpose is to examine how different interaction mechanisms in Tinder affects the view of online dating and potential partners. Additionally factors that differentiate Tinder from other online dating services will be examined. Furthermore social norms that are made visible through the usage of Tinder will be addressed. By creating an online survey it was possible to retrieve user experiences of Tinder usage and opinions about Tinder and online dating. Based on material from the survey three focus group interviews were conducted, which gathered different perspectives young adults had regarding online dating and Tinder. The conclusion will be presented by analyzing the data from the informants combined with theories such as User Experience, affordances, design qualities, self representation, gamification and market metaphors. Several mechanism associated with gamification were found in Tinder regarding design and user behavior. The Tinder users in general also seem to reproduce current gender norms in an otherwise neutral and minimalistic design. Furthermore market metaphors were found regarding online dating in Tinder. Additionally Tinder seems to target a new group of users in online dating, accordingly considered as ”laid-back” and equal to other social media. The connection to Facebook also contributes to an increased trust towards the self representation of Tinder users. Finally the swipe centered “yes-or-no-functionality” of Tinder seems to create a standard that will affect future dating services and User Experience.

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Le présent projet vise à analyser l'influence de la multivalence dans les interactions sucres-lectines. En collaboration avec des équipes externes, une étude par microscopie à force atomique (AFM) de l'interaction entre des ligands synthétiques de différentes valences et leurs lectines spécifiques a été entreprise. Dans le cadre de cette étude, une première caractérisation fondamentale de l'interaction sucre-lectine a été menée. Cette caractérisation concerne plus particulièrement l'influence de la multivalence sur les forces d'adhésion et la dynamique de l'interaction entre les ligands synthétiques multivalents et une lectine modèle, la lectine d'arachide PNA. Une seconde caractérisation, d'aspect plus appliqué, concerne l'utilisation des ligands synthétiques multivalents dans une approche thérapeutique antiadhésive pour le traitement des infections urinaires chroniques dues à Escherichia coli uropathogène (UPEC). Le caractère innovant des ligands (obtenus par une synthèse chimique rationnelle) ainsi que l'approche utilisée pour caractériser leurs interactions avec les lectines à l'échelle moléculaire par AFM témoigne de l'originalité du projet. / This project aims to analyze the influence of multivalency in sugar-lectin interactions. In collaboration with external teams, a study by atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the ineraction between synthetic ligands of different valences and their specific lectins was conducted. In this study, a first fundamental characterization of sugar-lectin interaction was investigated. This characterization concerns more particularly the influence of multivalency on the adhesion forces and the dynamics of interaction between multivalent ligands and synthetic model lectin, peanut lectin PNA. A second characterization, of a more applied aspect, concerns the use of synthetic multivalent ligands in a new therapeutic approach, based on anti-adhesion, for the treatment of chronic urinary infections caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The innovative nature of the ligands (obtained by rational chemical synthesis) and the approach used to characterize their interactions with lectins at the molecular level by AFM reflects the originality of the project.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)