This paper will argue that there are similarities between “The Raven”, “The Fall of the House of Usher”, “Ligeia” and “Berenice” in their treatment of the common motifs of isolation and melancholy, and, furthermore, that their protagonists are similar due to their relation to these two motifs. The paper will also argue that the usage of the motif of isolation is a strategic way for the author to emphasise the Gothic horror. In order to support my argument, I will, firstly, provide an outline of how melancholy, isolation and the Gothic were understood in the nineteenth century. Secondly, I will demonstrate ways in which the works are similar. By comparing the characters’ personalities and behaviour to each other, I will illustrate how melancholy and isolation are represented in similar ways in the works of this study. Thirdly, I will show how the motif of isolation reinforces the Gothic.

<p>This paper will argue that there are similarities between “The Raven”, “The Fall of the House of Usher”, “Ligeia” and “Berenice” in their treatment of the common motifs of isolation and melancholy, and, furthermore, that their protagonists are similar due to their relation to these two motifs. The paper will also argue that the usage of the motif of isolation is a strategic way for the author to emphasise the Gothic horror. In order to support my argument, I will, firstly, provide an outline of how melancholy, isolation and the Gothic were understood in the nineteenth century. Secondly, I will demonstrate ways in which the works are similar. By comparing the characters’ personalities and behaviour to each other, I will illustrate how melancholy and isolation are represented in similar ways in the works of this study. Thirdly, I will show how the motif of isolation reinforces the Gothic.</p>

The theoretical outcomes of the mentoring program BBBS and subsequently also the solutions of the program 5 P in the Czech Republic are introduced in the theoretical part of the dissertation work. Furthermore the author summarizes the principles of the program and explains the management of the work with the volunteers. She also focuses on the relationship between a child and a volunteer, its typology and its development. The last but not the least the author addresses the evaluation method for BBBS/5 P which is called the Program Based Outcome Evaluation (POE). Furthermore the author fulfills the four selected goals in the research part of the work. The first goal is focused on the modification of the original evaluation method POE and its adaptation for the Czech socio-cultural circumstances. The second goal is the analyses of the current state of the realization of the program 5 P in the Czech Republic with the focus on the registration of the program as the social service. The third very important goal is to evaluate the general trends of the effectiveness of the program by the means of the statistical analysis of the results of the evaluation method POE. The last goal is the development of the new or the adaptation of the current specialized and methodological materials for 5 P.

O objetivo desta dissertação é a utilização de metodologias de RMN para caracterizar a separação de fases e, em algum grau, a dinâmica de segmentos moleculares em copolímeros em bloco. Na primeira parte do trabalho, técnicas de RMN de Difusão de Spins, cujo fenômeno envolvido traz informações sobre a formação de domínios de segmentos moleculares, foram exploradas no sentido de avaliar seu desempenho assim como as principais dificuldades experimentais. Para isso, foi usado como referência o copolímero tri-bloco SEBS (Estireno-EtilenoButileno-Estireno), cuja morfologia é bem conhecida. Os testes experimentais foram realizados em equipamentos de RMN com campo magnético de 0.5 T e 9.4 T, sendo que em baixo campo uma proposta alternativa de tratamento dos dados foi utilizada. Como já apontado na literatura, os resultados indicaram que embora seja possível realizar tais experimentos em baixo campo a análise dos dados se torna mais complexa devido aos tempos de relaxação T1 mais curtos, tornando necessário o uso de simulações numéricas, que fazem a análise mais dependente de modelos específicos. A segunda parte do trabalho foi dedicada ao estudo de copolímeros em bloco compostos por polióxidoetileno (POE) ou Polietileno Glicol (PEG - POE de baixo peso molecular) e poliestireno (PS) e atambém copolimeros a base de PS e acrilatos ramificados com POE (PMAPEG - do inglês Poly Methyl Acrilate Polyethylene Glicol). Nesses estudos, técnicas de RMN de 1H e 13C como função da temperatura foram usadas para estudar as principais transições dinâmicas das cadeias de POE. Foi demonstrado que, embora o comportamento dinâmico das cadeias de POE seja similar em todos os copolímeros estudados, nas amostras de copolímeros com PMAPEG o grau de heterogeneidade dos movimentos das cadeias de POE é consideravelmente menor, o que foi atribuído ao empacotamento local semelhante e mais regular nos segmentos PMAPEG. Experimentos de RMN de Difusão de Spins foram utilizados nos estudos de morfologia, sendo demonstrada a separação de fases com formação de domínios em todas as amostras, com a regularidade desses domínios dependendo da composição. As dimensões médias dos domínios foram estimadas e os resultados correlacionados com os aspectos dinâmicos. / The main objective of this dissertation is the use of NMR methods to characterize the phase separation and, to some extent, the dynamics of the molecular segments in block copolymers. In the first part, NMR Spin Diffusion methods were explored in order to evaluate their performance as well as the main experimental difficulties. For that, a reference tri-block polymer SEBS (styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene), which had a well known morphology, was used. The experimental tests were carried out in NMR equipments with magnetic field of 0.47 T and 9.4 T and at low filed an alternative proposal for data analysis was used. A already shown in the literature, the results indicated that , despite being possible to accomplish these experiments in low field, the data analysis become more intricate due to the shorter T1 values at this magnetic field, requiring the use of numerical simulations, which make the method more model dependent. The second part was dedicated to the study of copolymers consisting of Polyoxyethylene (PEO) or Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-low molecular weight PEO) and polystyrene (PS) as well as copolymers based on PS and Poly acrylates with PEO branches (PMAPEG -Poly Methyl Acrylate Polyethylene Glicol). In these studies, 1H and 13C NMR methods as function of temperature were used to characterize the main dynamic transitions in the PEO chains. It was shown that, despite similar dynamic behavior was observed in all samples, the PS-PMAPEG copolymers present a smaller degree of motional heterogeneity, which was attributed to the similar local packing of the PMAPEG chains. Using Spin diffusion NMR information about the morphology of the samples were obtained, showing evidences of phase separation and domain formation in all samples, being the regularity of the domain related with the sample composition. The average domain sizes were estimated.

A adição de fibras de sílica em compósitos de polipropileno (PP) foi investigada neste trabalho como uma proposta de desenvolvimento de novos materiais utilizados pela indústria automotiva, os quais permitam a redução de peso do veículo e a consequente economia de combustível. As fibras são leves, constituídas de sílica amorfa e tratadas com aminossilano para uma melhor interação com a matriz polimérica. Compósitos de PP homopolímero, bem como de compósitos de PP heterofásico modificados com o copolímero etileno e 1-octeno (POE), foram formulados utilizando-se 20% de fibras de sílica e com PP funcionalizado com anidrido maleico (PP-g-MAH) como compatibilizante. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto às propriedades mecânicas, térmicas, características morfológicas, anisotropia e quanto a requisitos específicos, como emissões de voláteis, odor e resistência a riscos. O compósito de PP homopolímero na presença de 2% de PP-g- MAH apresentou o melhor balanço de propriedades, porém com comprometimento quanto à tenacidade. A análise morfológica desta formulação indicou a presença de fibras descoladas, demonstrando que o tratamento das fibras com o aminossilano, não foi totalmente efetivo para a redução das tensões interfaciais. Os compósitos de PP heterofásico modificados com POE (5% em peso) e com fibras de sílica apresentaram boa dispersão, forma e tamanho de domínios elastoméricos, os quais promoveram um bom efeito de tenacificação. O copolímero POE atuou como um agente compatibilizante, melhorando a adesão fibra-polímero. Por outro lado, estes compósitos apresentaram um grande número de partículas de borracha descoladas da matriz por cavitação, sugerindo que a adesão entre as fases pode ser melhorada, apesar da afinidade química da blenda PP/POE. De uma forma geral, as fibras curtas de sílica constituem uma alternativa potencial para o reforço de compósitos de PP. Além de menor densidade, os compósitos estudados apresentaram bons resultados quando comparados a formulações com o emprego de talco, o qual é muito empregado em peças automotivas. / The addition of silica fibers in polypropylene (PP) composites was investigated on this work as a proposal to develop new materials used in automotive industry, in order to enable the reduction of vehicle weight and the resulting fuel economy. The fibers are lightweight, made of amorphous silica and treated with amine silane for better interaction with the polymer matrix. Composites of PP homopolymer and PP heterophasic composites modified with ethylene and 1-octene (POE) were formulated using 20% of silica fibers as reinforcement and PP functionalized with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) as compatibilizer agent. The samples were evaluated for mechanical, thermal, morphological, anisotropy, as well as specific requirements such as emissions of volatiles, odor and scratch resistant. The composite of PP homopolymer in the presence of 2% of PP-g-MAH showed the best balance of properties, however the tenacity was impaired. The morphological analysis of this formulation indicated the presence of detached fibers, demonstrating that treatment of fibers with the amine silane was not totally effective in reducing the interfacial tensions. Heterophasic PP composites modified with POE (5 wt%) and silica fibers presented good dispersion, shape and size of elastomeric domains, promoting a good toughening effect. The POE copolymer acted as a coupling agent, enhancing the adhesion fiber-polymer. On the other hand, these composites showed a large number of rubber particles detached from the matrix by cavitation, suggesting that the adhesion between the phases can be improved, despite the chemical affinity of the blend PP/POE. In general, short silica fibers are a potential alternative for polypropylene composites reinforcement. In addition to lower density, the studied composites demonstrated good results when compared to formulations with the use of talc, which is very used in automotive parts.

A presente dissertação pretende realizar um levantamento das principais teorias relacionadas com a literatura fantástica produzidas durante os séculos XIX e XX, buscando suas características, diferenças e concordâncias. Para tanto, inicia com uma leitura das tentativas de definição desta literatura através do estudo de H. P. Lovecraft e Peter Penzoldt. Parte, então, para uma leitura de três teorias mais consistentes sobre o fantástico, quais sejam: o fantástico tradicional, de Todorov, o fantástico contemporâneo, de Sartre e o estranhamento, de Freud. A partir da leitura destas teorias, realizamos a ilustração das mesmas através de três contos também produzidos durante os séculos XIX e XX: “Berenice” e “A ilha da fada”, de E. A. Poe, e “A cidade”, de Murilo Rubião. Por fim, sintetizamos e realizamos algumas considerações sobre o fantástico. / The present research intends to carry out a survey of the main theories related to weird literature that were produced during the 19th and 20th centuries by searching its characteristics, differences and concurrences. Therefore, it initiates with a reading of the attempts of definition of that literature through the study of H. P. Lovecraft and Peter Penzoldt. Afterwards, we start with a reading of three more consistent theories on the weird one, which is, the Todorov´s traditional weird, the Sartre´s contemporary weird and the Freud´s “Umheinlich” (weird, strange). From the reading of those theories we illustrated them by using three tales which were also produced during the 19th and 20th centuries by E. A. Poe - “Berenice” and “Island of the fairy” - and by Murilo Rubião - “A cidade”. Finally, we synthesized and made some comments on the weird literature.

This study traces archetypal images in selected prose fiction by Edgar Allan Poe and shows his consistent use of such imagery throughout his career, and outlines the archetypal images that Poe uses repeatedly throughout his works: the death of the beautiful woman, death and resurrection, the hero's journey to the underworld, and the quest for forbidden knowledge. The study examines Poe's use of myth to establish and uphold archetypal patterns. Poe's goal when crafting his works was the creation of a single specified effect, and to create his effects, he used the materials at hand. Some of these materials came from his own subconscious; however, a greater portion came from a lifetime of study and his own understanding of the connections between myth and archetypal images.

No description available.

This study is based upon the prose works of Poe and covers the topis of politics and social reforms, contemporary attitudes toward death, customs, science and pseudo-science, and contemporary literature. The thesis attempts to prove that Poe's works show manifest evidences of his being a product of his times.

Submitted by WALMIRA SODRÉ AUSTRÍACO MORAES null (walmira.sodre@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-12T00:03:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MORAES, Walmira Sodré Austríaco .pdf: 20646176 bytes, checksum: f74fdb48a92c1f63709f47e5cfb4d9c2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-13T13:50:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_wsa_dr_sjrp.pdf: 20646176 bytes, checksum: f74fdb48a92c1f63709f47e5cfb4d9c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-13T13:50:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_wsa_dr_sjrp.pdf: 20646176 bytes, checksum: f74fdb48a92c1f63709f47e5cfb4d9c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 / Não recebi financiamento / O corpus desta pesquisa constitui-se dos contos de Edgar Allan Poe, The Domain of Arnheim or Landscape Garden, publicado pela primeira vez em 1847, e Landor’s Cottage. A pendant to “The Domain of Arnheim”, publicado pela primeira vez em 1849. Aos dois contos agrupam-se as pinturas de René Magritte que recebem o mesmo título do conto de Poe: The Domain of Arnheim (1938), The Domain of Arnheim (1944), The Domain of Arnheim (1949) e The Domain of Arnheim (1962). O recorte materializa-se mediante a análise dos efeitos estéticos e das várias produções de sentidos metafóricos registrados nas telas e nos contos. Para tanto, propomos uma discussão que tem como referencial um processo de interpretação sígnica atravessado por uma historicização da relação original entre Poe e Magritte por meio da análise de outras telas e textos subjacentes àqueles que constituem o objeto da nossa investigação. O estudo constrói uma teia de relações em cuja base está a metáfora – pensada em sua historicidade dinâmica – considerada como princípio, meio e fim das injunções estabelecidas. Estimamos, como prioridade, o deslocamento histórico-estético que essa figura sofreu, e a contextualização destaca, portanto, a sua ação transformadora pela qual literatura e pintura interagem por semelhança, por similitude e/ou por dessemelhança. Nesse sentido, a relação dialética proposta constitui-se, no âmbito de nossas discussões, pelo predomínio da metáfora a partir de suas atuações no discurso literário e pictórico e entre eles, e, ainda, em face dos seus deslocamentos. Essa relação privilegia a formação de um quadro teórico que alinhe o ut pictura poesis aos efeitos advindos do uso da metáfora, o que possibilita, a nosso ver, a aproximação efetiva entre literatura (Poe) e pintura (Magritte), com ênfase, sobretudo, nas relações de similaridades estruturais que mantêm entre si. / The corpus of this dissertation is the short stories by Edgar Allan Poe, The Domain of Arnheim or The Landscape Garden, first published in 1847, and Landor’s Cottage. A pendant to “The Domain of Arnheim” first published in 1849. To both tales are the paintings by René Magritte that receive the same title of Poe's short stories: The Domain of Arnheim (1938), The Domain of Arnheim (1944), The Domain of Arnheim (1949) and The Domain of Arnheim (1962). The focus of the research is the analysis of the aesthetic effects and of the various productions of metaphorical meanings registered on the canvas by René Magritte and the short stories by Edgar Allan Poe. In order to accomplish this objective, this dissertation develops a discussion that has as a reference the process of meaning interpretations permeated by a historicization of the original relationship between the two artists through the analysis of other paintings and texts underlying those that, effectively, are the object of the present research. The analysis established with relationships whose base is the metaphor - thought in its dynamic historicity - considered as beginning, middle and end of the established relationships. The study focuses, in the first place, the historical-aesthetic displacement that the metaphor has gone through and this contextualization emphasizes, therefore, the transforming action of this figure of speech through which literature and painting interact between themselves by similarity and/or dissimilarity. In this sense, the dialectical relationship proposed constituted by the predominance of the metaphor from its performances in the literary and pictorial discourse and between themselves and, above all, in their movements. This relationship favors the formation of a theoretical framework that aligns the ut pictura poesis of the effects arisen out of the use of the metaphor, which enables a more effective link between literature (Poe) and painting (Magritte) with emphasis, especially, on the relationship among their structural similarities. / El corpus de esta investigación es los cuentos de Edgar Allan Poe, The Domain of Arnheim or The Landscape Garden, publicada por primera vez en 1847, y Landor’s Cottage. A pendant to “The Domain of Arnheim”, publicada por primera vez en 1849. Los dos cuentos se agrupan las pinturas de René Magritte que reciben el mismo título del cuento de Poe: The Domain of Arnheim (1938), The Domain of Arnheim (1944), The Domain of Arnheim (1949) y The Domain of Arnheim (1962). La delimitación se materializa a través del análisis de efectos estéticos y de las diversas producciones de significados metafóricos inscritos en las pantallas de René Magritte y los cuentos de Edgar Allan Poe. Para este, el trabajo se presenta un debate que tiene como referencia proceso de interpretación medio atravesado por un historicismo la relación original entre los dos artistas mediante el análisis de textos y otras pantallas que aquellos que, efectivamente, son el objeto de esta investigación. El análisis se basa una red de relaciones en que la base es una metáfora, pensaba en su historicidad, considerado como principio, medio y fin de las relaciones establecidas. Según las estimaciones del estudio, como una prioridad, el desplazamiento historia y estética que la metáfora ha sufrido y esta contextualización se destaca, por lo tanto, a la acción transformadora de esta figura por que la literatura y la pintura interactuar por similitud o disimilitud. En este sentido, la relación dialéctica propuesta se lleva a cabo por un predominio de la metáfora de sus actuaciones en los discursos literarios, pictóricos y entre ellos y, sobre todo, en sus desplazamientos Esta relación favorece la formación de un marco teórico que pueda alinear el ut pictura poesis de los efectos derivados de la utilización de la metáfora, lo que hace que el enfoque más eficaz entre la literatura (Poe) y la pintura (Magritte) con énfasis, especialmente en las relaciones de similitud estructural que mantiene entre ellos.