No description available.

Performance management is used as a tool not only to justify government expenses, but also to help public managers in terms of better planning, accountability, resource allocation, goal focusing, and many other benefits (Poister, 2003; Redburn, et al., 2007; Behn, 2003 etc.). As interest in and concerns about performance management systems continue to grow, scholars have increasingly suggested methods to better design and implement these systems in the public sector organizations, with the underlying assumption that they will help public organizations perform better. Using a management model proposed by Meier and O’Toole (1999, 2001), I explored the efficacy of following recommended practices in designing and implementing performance management systems for local police departments in the US. I used the 2012 Uniform Crime Report (UCR) dataset prepared by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and original surveys of the chiefs of various police agencies for this undertaking. I used ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis to compare the performance of police agencies (measured in terms of number of crimes per 100,000 people) to the extent to which they follow recommended practices while designing and implementing performance management systems in their respective agencies. The results from this study suggest do not suggest a link between the recommended practices and police performance, as only the practices of using performance information and providing discretion to officers were found to be supporting the hypotheses for only one out of the eight crime categories. These two significant results might be attributed to chance alone. The results, hence, raise questions about the effectiveness of the recommended practices in improving organizational performance. Justification of the use of recommended practices, however, can still be traced to goal-setting theory.

No description available.

Dans le cadre de cette recherche doctorale, les analystes locales civiles, travaillant au sein de diverses zones de police belges, ont été étudiées dans la mesure où leur fonction est censée être au cœur de changements annoncés comme essentiels dans le fonctionnement de l’institution policière, en particulier en matière de planification de la politique policière et des activités opérationnelles.Au travers d’une étude empirique inductive et compréhensive du travail et des interactions des analystes au sein de divers états-majors policiers, ont ainsi été étudiés des pratiques et outils organisationnels de pilotage et d’évaluation de l’action policière, mais surtout les pratiques de celles et (plus rarement) ceux chargés d’en assumer la réalisation et d’appuyer la prise de décision par les hiérarchies policières. Cet examen éclaire au passage les activités organisatrices de la hiérarchie et celles d’acteurs opérationnels, à la fois opérateurs et premiers affectés par de telles pratiques et outils gestionnaires, que ce soit en devant les alimenter ou en voyant leurs tâches affectées par les usages qui en sont faits par la hiérarchie.La démarche adoptée est ainsi celle d’une investigation « par le bas » du sens d’une fonction, c’est-à-dire au travers de sa mise en œuvre concrète et quotidienne, et dans une large mesure éminemment technique, par ses acteurs attitrés. L’approche retenue s’est dès lors traduite par un travail combinant description ethnographique et théorisation ancrée à partir d’un matériau empirique constitué d’observations, d’entretiens et de documents glanés dans le cadre de cas sélectionnés en vertu d’un principe d’échantillonnage théorique, au fur et à mesure de l’avancement de l’analyse. / Doctorat en Criminologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3614.pdf: 4128707 bytes, checksum: e5c053faca805f08c256f5c1086ad0f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-12 / Value creation for society and gains in efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness has been reason of concerning in public sector. Based on a broad literature about service operations management, service value and public service value, this thesis has taken for granted that to know the value which a service must deliver to its main stakeholders is prior to organize it. According to literature, value might be created since designing public institutions until managing them. To integrate the different perspectives, it was used an approach that evaluates service value creation from the consequences on to its customers and the necessary resources to deliver them. These consequences were analyzed under four dimensions: utility, justice, solidarity, and aesthetic. Recourses analyzed were competences and technology. Thus, this thesis s purpose was to define the value of Forensic Science Service (FSS) to its main stakeholders. The specific objectives, which generated propositions, were: to find out the role played by FSS in its interorganizational network, to find out the main FSS characteristics, to identify critical factors for value delivery, and to propose some guides to design FSS. To achieve these objectives, a five-year qualitative, longitudinal and exploratory case study was carried out in a FSS federation unity. Subsidiary information was collected in six other FSS. Data also were collected from FSS stakeholders, using multiple methods. Results were analyzed and criticized based on theory. The findings showed that FSS takes part in a Public Safety and Criminal Justice interorganizational network and provide it with a service: the production of forensic evidence. FSS operations present exams variety, process variability, layout by fixed position in front office, and stakeholders diversity. FSS association with science highlights its intangibility. FSS utility dimension is to link the suspect to crime scene (or innocent someone wrongly accused) using science and technology, that is, it helps to build a narrative, in which defendants behaviors are trialed according to the law. There are obstacles on delivering this value dimension, like miscoordination among network members on crime scene preservation, for instance. The justice dimension assumes that every citizen must have access to FSS, independent of any pre-existing condition. Although, FSS hasn t been universalized yet. The solidarity dimension has a deeply conexion with Human Rights, both in avoiding constraining suspects during criminal investigations, and contributing to fair trials, in the sense that either prosecution or defense have access to the service in equal terms. However, FSS subordination to the Police jeopardizes its impartiality. The aesthetic dimension consists on helping Police solve crimes without constraining suspects. Besides the technical competence, FSS personnel need a communicational competence to a full client s knowledge. The technological resources are part of production process and critical for value delivery. Concluding, FSS should be redesigned as an independent agency in order to increase Criminal Justice impartiality. Finally, the study encourages reflections about the difficulties of applying service operations management concepts to a public organization that is changing, and it´s characterized by the diversity of stakeholders and by its fluid and poorly defined, although important value. / A criação de valor para a sociedade e ganhos em eficiência, eficácia e efetividade são motivos de preocupação no setor público. Baseada em uma ampla literatura sobre gestão de operações de serviços e valor de serviço, incluindo serviços públicos, esta tese partiu do pressuposto de que saber o valor de um serviço para os seus principais stakeholders é prioritário para organizá-lo. Segundo a literatura, valor pode ser criado desde o desenho até a gestão de instituições. Para integrar as perspectivas, abordou-se a criação de valor a partir das consequências para os destinatários do serviço e dos recursos necessários para produzi-las. Estas consequências são analisadas sob quatro dimensões: utilidade, justiça, solidariedade e estética. E os recursos analisados foram competências e tecnologias. Assim, o propósito dessa tese foi definir o valor do serviço de perícia criminal para os seus principais stakeholders. Os objetivos específicos, que geraram proposições, foram: investigar o papel desempenhado pelo serviço em sua rede interorganizacional; abordar suas principais características; identificar fatores críticos para a entrega de valor e propor algumas diretrizes a fim de projetar o serviço. Com o propósito de atingir esses objetivos, um estudo de caso qualitativo, exploratório e longitudinal de cinco anos foi realizado em um órgão pericial. Subsidiariamente, coletaram-se informações em seis outros órgãos periciais. Foram coletados, também, dados de stakeholders do serviço, utilizando-se múltiplos métodos. Os resultados foram analisados e discutidos com base na teoria. Esses resultados mostraram que a perícia criminal integra uma rede interorganizacional de segurança pública e justiça criminal e produz um serviço: a prova pericial. O serviço apresenta variedade de exames, variabilidade de processos, arranjo posicional na linha de frente e diversidade de stakeholders. A associação entre o serviço e a ciência realça sua intangibilidade. A dimensão de utilidade do serviço é vincular o suspeito ao local do crime (ou inocentar alguém erroneamente acusado), utilizando a ciência e a tecnologia, ou seja, auxiliar a construção de uma narrativa, para que as condutas dos réus sejam julgadas de acordo com a lei. Há obstáculos na entrega desta dimensão, como, por exemplo, as dificuldades de coordenação entre os atores da rede na preservação do local de crime. A dimensão de justiça presume que todo cidadão tenha acesso ao serviço, independente de qualquer condição pré-existente. Entretanto, este acesso ainda não foi universalizado. A dimensão de solidariedade tem relação profunda com os Direitos Humanos, tanto para evitar que suspeitos sofram constrangimentos durante investigações criminais, quanto contribuindo para julgamentos justos, de forma que acusação e defesa tenham igual acesso ao serviço. Porém, a subordinação do serviço a Polícia compromete sua imparcialidade. A dimensão estética consiste em auxiliar a Polícia a desvendar crimes sem constranger suspeitos. Além da competência técnica, os peritos precisam ter competências comunicativas, para conhecerem os clientes. Os recursos tecnológicos são parte do processo de produção do serviço e críticos para a entrega de valor. Concluindo, o serviço de perícia criminal deveria ser redesenhado institucionalmente como um órgão independente, para incrementar a imparcialidade da Justiça. Finalmente, o estudo encoraja reflexões sobre as dificuldades em aplicar os conceitos de gestão de operações a um serviço público em mudança, que é caracterizado pela diversidade de stakeholders e por seu valor fluido e pouco definido, porém relevante.